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Effectiveness of intraoperative intraocular lens use on improving surgical safety for dense cataract phacoemulsification: a randomized controlled trial
摘要： We designed this study to assess if surgical safety can be improved by intraoperative use of intraocular lens (IOL) for cataract phacoemulsification. We performed phacoemulsification cataract removal on 401 patients. We randomly assigned these patients into three groups: the standard setting (Group I, n = 134), with reduced vacuum and flow rate (Group II, n = 137), and with IOL insertion before the last quadrant was emulsified with standard setting (Group III, n = 130). The primary outcomes included the risk of posterior capsular rupture (PCR), ultrasound time, energy, and complications. The secondary outcomes included central corneal thickness (CCT), CCT changes, endothelial cells (ETC) counting, ETC loss, and the best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) measured on day 1, day 7 and day 30. If PCR occurred, we emulsified the residual lens materials after insertion of IOL and clean of the prolapsed vitreous. We found that the risk of PCR in Group III (0/130) was lower than Group I (9/134, corrected relative risk (RR) = 18.44, 95% CI: 1.08–313.56) and Group II (3/137, corrected RR = 6.64, 95% CI: 0.35–27.41). Group III showed better BCVA on day 1 and 7, less ECC loss on day 7 and 30, and less CCT increase on day 1 and 7. No cases converted to extracapsular cataract extraction. No residual lens materials misdirected into vitreous cavity. Intraoperative use of IOL can improve surgical safety for dense cataract phacoemulsification.
关键词： cataract phacoemulsification,intraocular lens,surgical safety,posterior capsular rupture,ultrasound time,endothelial cells loss,central corneal thickness
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An Ultra-Wideband Power Combining in Ridge Waveguide for Millimeter Wave
摘要： Valid characterization of carotid atherosclerosis (CA) is a crucial public health issue, which would limit the major risks held by CA for both patient safety and state economies. This paper investigated the unexplored potential of kinematic features in assisting the diagnostic decision for CA in the framework of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool. To this end, 15 CAD schemes were designed and were fed with a wide variety of kinematic features of the atherosclerotic plaque and the arterial wall adjacent to the plaque for 56 patients from two different hospitals. The CAD schemes were benchmarked in terms of their ability to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and the combination of the Fisher discriminant ratio, as a feature-selection strategy, and support vector machines, in the classification module, was revealed as the optimal motion-based CAD tool. The particular CAD tool was evaluated with several cross-validation strategies and yielded higher than 88% classification accuracy; the texture-based CAD performance in the same dataset was 80%. The incorporation of kinematic features of the arterial wall in CAD seems to have a particularly favorable impact on the performance of image-data-driven diagnosis for CA, which remains to be further elucidated in future prospective studies on large datasets.
关键词： motion analysis,Carotid atherosclerosis (CA),kinematic features,ultrasound (US),computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Size-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles by ultrafine bubbles and pulsed ultrasound
摘要： Size-controlled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation of HAuCl4 aqueous solutions with the aid of ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) in the absence of any capping and reducing agents. Upon addition of air-UFBs, the mean diameter of the spherical AuNPs decreased. This result was attributed to the sonochemical reduction of gold ions in aqueous solution being accelerated by the UFBs. Moreover, the AuNPs were stable in a solution containing UFBs because AuNPs electrostatically adsorbed onto UFBs, whose lifetime in water was very long. Compared with the mean diameter of AuNPs synthesized with argon-, nitrogen- and oxygen-UFBs, that of AuNPs synthesized with air-UFBs was smaller. Pulsed ultrasound delivered with the same time-averaged power as continuous-wave irradiation further decreased the mean diameter of the AuNPs. Size-controlled synthesis of AuNPs without the use of a capping or reducing agent was successful through optimization of the number air-UFBs and the pulsed ultrasound conditions.
关键词： Gold nanoparticles,Size control,Ultrasound,Pulse wave,Ultrafine bubbles,Colloidal stabilization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Carbon Nitride Hollow Theranostic Nanoregulators Executing Laser-Activatable Water Splitting for Enhanced Ultrasound/Fluorescence Imaging and Cooperative Phototherapy
摘要： The limited efficacy of “smart” nanotheranostic agents in eradicating tumors calls for the development of highly desirable nanoagents with diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, to surmount these challenges, we constructed an intelligent nanoregulator by coating mesoporous carbon nitride (C3N4) layer on core-shell nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (N-GQD)@hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere (HMSN), and decorated it with a P-PEG-RGD polymer, to achieve active-targeting delivery (designated as R-NCNP). Upon irradiation, the resultant R-NCNP nanoregulators exhibit significant catalytic breakdown of water molecules causing sustainable elevation of oxygen level owing to the C3N4 shell, which facilitates tumor oxygenation and relieves tumor hypoxia. The generated oxygen bubbles serve as an echogenic source triggering tissue impedance mismatch thereby enhancing the generation of echogenicity signal, making them laser-activatable ultrasound imaging agents. In addition, the encapsulated photosensitizers and C3N4 layered photosensitizer are simultaneously activated to maximize the yield of ROS, actualizing a triple-photosensitizer hybrid nanosystem exploited for enhanced PDT. Intriguingly, the N-GQDs endow R-NCNP nanoregulator with photothermal effect for hyperthemia, making it exhibit considerable photothermal outcomes and infrared thermal imaging (IRT). Importantly, further analysis reveals that the polymer-modified R-NCNPs actively target specific tumor tissues, and display a triple-modal US/IRT/FL imaging-assisted cooperative PTT/PDT for real-time monitoring of tumor ablation and therapeutic evaluation. The rational synergy of triple-model PDT and efficient PTT in designed nanoregulator confers excellent anticancer effects, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo assays, which might explore more possibilities in personalized cancer treatment.
关键词： O2-elevation,ultrasound imaging,water splitting,cancer treatment,nanoregulator
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Single‐Fiber Laser Ablation in Treating Selected Metastatic Lymph Nodes of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Benign Cold Thyroid Nodules—Preliminary Results
摘要： To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of single‐fiber laser ablation (LA) under ultrasound guidance and appropriate ablation modes in the treatment of selected metastatic lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign cold thyroid nodules. A total of 18 patients (consisting of 8 patients with 18 metastatic lymph nodes of PTC and 10 patients with 10 benign cold thyroid nodules) each underwent one session of single‐fiber LA under ultrasound guidance. On the basis of the sizes of the nodules, the ablation modes were chosen accordingly. The single‐dot ablation mode was used in the nodules with three orthogonal diameters measuring no greater than 10 mm in diameter, with a dot, a level and an insertion. The double‐dots overlapping ablation mode was used in the nodules with the largest diameters measuring greater than 10 mm (in which the nodules measured no more than 15 mm in diameter and with the other two perpendicular diameters measuring no greater than 10 mm in diameter) with two dots, a level and two insertions. The multiple levels and dots overlapping ablation mode was used in the nodules with the three orthogonal diameters all measuring larger than 10 mm, with multiple dots, levels and insertions. After 12 months of follow‐up in the treated nodules of the metastatic lymph nodes of PTC and benign cold thyroid nodules, the mean baseline volumes decreased from 0.29 ± 0.12 to 0.03 ± 0.03 ml and 3.85 ± 0.64 to 1.1 ± 0.37 ml, respectively, and the mean volume reduction ratios (VRRs), which was calculated as {[(initial volume ?final volume) × 100%]/initial volume}, were 90.3 ± 7.6% and 72 ± 5.8%, respectively. There were six ablative zones that completely disappeared, whereas the ablative zones that still existed presented as scar‐like areas or small hyperechoic areas that were compatible with scar tissue among the 18 malignant nodules at the last follow‐up. Single‐fiber LA under ultrasound guidance, with the appropriate ablation modes, is feasible and effective for the treatment of selected metastatic lymph nodes of PTC and benign cold thyroid nodules. This study suggests that single‐fiber LA may be applied to selected cases with appropriate ablation modes.
关键词： metastatic lymph nodes,ultrasound guidance,papillary thyroid carcinoma,benign cold thyroid nodules,single‐fiber laser ablation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) - Glasgow, United Kingdom (2019.10.6-2019.10.9)] 2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) - Non-Contact laser ultrasound (N-CLUS) system for medical imaging and elastography
摘要： MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Medical Device Realization Center (MEDRC) at MIT, and the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) are collaboratively developing a novel optical system that acquires ultrasound images within the human body without physical contact to the patient. The system is termed, non-contact laser ultrasound (N-CLUS) and yields anatomical images in tissue and bone and can also measure elastographic properties, in-vivo, all from an operational standoff of a few inches to several meters as desired. N-CLUS employs a pulsed laser that converts optical energy into ultrasonic waves at the skin surface via photoacoustic mechanisms, while, a laser Doppler vibrometer measures reflected-emerging ultrasonic waves from tissue at depth at the skin surface. The key of the N-CLUS approach is driven by shallow optical absorptivity that creates an acoustic source that enables ultrasound propagation deeper into the tissue. We discuss the motivation of the non-contact laser concept, its development path involving signal generation, skin and eye safe laser measurement, and system design perspectives. Elastogrphic measurements are then demonstrated with determination of bone elastic moduli for beef rib within tissue. N-CLUS images from soft tissue specimens are also compared with commercial ultrasound, showing that the noncontact optical approach may have potential as a viable method in medical ultrasound.
关键词： laser Doppler vibrometry,photoacoustics,non-contact laser ultrasound,medical ultrasound imaging,elastography
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Toroidally focused sensor array for real-time laser-ultrasonic imaging: the first experimental study
摘要： In this paper we report on the first toroidally focused 2D real-time laser-ultrasonic imaging system and a modified filtered back projection algorithm that can be used in the region near the waist of the astigmatic laser-ultrasonic probe beam. The system is capable of visualizing an acupuncture needle 0.2 mm in diameter located at ~4 cm depth in water. The lateral spatial resolution is better than ~0.32 mm and axial spatial resolution is ~30 μm. The achieved frame rate is up to 30 Hz. The depth dependency of the sensitivity region width and lateral resolution are experimentally measured and discussed. The array is intended to be used as a part of combined real-time photoacoustic and laser-ultrasonic imaging system.
关键词： laser ultrasound imaging,back projection,tomography,real-time,focused array,laser ultrasound,toroidal array
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Her2-Functionalized Gold-Nanoshelled Magnetic Hybrid Nanoparticles: a Theranostic Agent for Dual-Modal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer
摘要： Targeted theranostic platform that integrates multi-modal imaging and therapeutic function is emerging as a promising strategy for earlier detection and precise treatment of cancer. Herein, we designed targeted gold-nanoshelled poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) magnetic hybrid nanoparticles carrying anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) antibodies (Her2-GPH NPs) for dual-modal ultrasound (US)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and photothermal therapy of breast cancer. The agent was fabricated by coating gold nanoshell around PLGA nanoparticles co-loaded with perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), followed by conjugating with anti-Her2 antibodies. Cell-targeting studies demonstrated receptor-mediated specific binding of the agent to Her2-positive human breast cancer SKBR3 cells, and its binding rate was significantly higher than that of Her2-negative cells (P < 0.001). In vitro, the agent had capabilities for contrast-enhanced US imaging as well as T2-weighted MR imaging with a relatively high relaxivity (r2 = 441.47 mM?1 s?1). Furthermore, the Her2 functionalization of the agent prominently enhanced the US/MR molecular imaging effect of targeted cells by cell-specific binding. Live/dead cell assay and targeted photothermal cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that Her2-GPH NPs could serve as effective photoabsorbers to specifically induce SKBR3 cell death upon near-infrared laser irradiation. In summary, Her2-GPH NPs were demonstrated to be novel targeted theranostic agents with great potential to facilitate early non-invasive diagnosis and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.
关键词： Anti-Her2 antibody,Photothermal therapy,Ultrasound imaging,Magnetic resonance imaging,Theranostic agent,Breast cancer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effects of freezing on mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gold nanoparticles
摘要： Stem cell therapies are a promising treatment for many patients suffering from diseases with poor prognosis. However, clinical translation is inhibited by a lack of in vivo monitoring techniques to track stem cells throughout the course of treatment. Ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells may be a solution. To allow photoacoustic tracking, stem cells must be labeled with an optically absorbing contrast agent. Gold nanoparticles are one option due to their cytocompatibility and strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region. However, stem cell labeling can require up to 24-hour incubation with nanoparticles in culture prior to use. Although stem cell monitoring is critically needed, the additional preparation time may not be feasible – it is cost prohibitive and stem cell treatments should be readily available in emergency situations as well as scheduled procedures. To remedy this, stem cells can be labeled prior to freezing and long-term storage. While it is well known that stem cells retain their cellular function after freezing, storage, and thawing, the impact of gold nanoparticles on this process has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we assessed the viability, multipotency, and photoacoustic activity of gold nanosphere-labeled mesenchymal stem cells after freezing, storage, and thawing for one week, one month, or two months and compared to unlabeled, na?ve mesenchymal stem cells which were frozen, stored, and thawed at the same time points. Results indicated no substantial change in viability as assessed by the MTT assay. Differentiation, observed through adipogenesis and osteogenesis, was also comparable to controls. Lastly, strong photoacoustic signals and similar photoacoustic spectral signatures remained. Further studies involving more diverse stem cell types and nanoparticles are required, but our data suggests that function and imaging properties of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells are maintained after freezing and storage, which improves translation of stem cell monitoring techniques by simplifying integration with clinical protocols.
关键词： photoacoustic imaging,cell tracking,freezing,Gold nanospheres,ultrasound,stem cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Facial Hypertrophic Port-Wine Stain Treatment Combining Large Spot 532 nm Laser, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Traction Threads
摘要： Vascular lasers are the gold standard treatment for treating facial capillary malformations commonly known as port-wine stains (PWSs). However, up to 65% of them are associated with significant soft tissue hypertrophy that cannot be satisfactorily addressed using vascular lasers. The authors report a 40-year-old Caucasian woman with a large PWS of the mid and lower face and neck. It was unilateral and associated with significant hypertrophy of the affected face that resulted in significant asymmetry. Both face and neck had been previously treated with several sessions of different vascular lasers: 'small spot' potassium titanyl phosphate (532 nm) laser, intense pulsed light devices, and pulsed-dye laser (PDL). Pulsed-dye laser produced partial improvement of lesional color and was associated with minor scarring on her neck. Every previous treatment was stopped after several sessions when no further improvement was achievable. The authors initiated treatment with large spot, short pulse 532 nm laser with contact cooling (ExcelV; Cutera, Inc., Brisabane, CA; fluence 9–10 J/cm2, pulse duration 6 milliseconds, 8-mm spot on the cheek and 7–9 J/cm2, 6–7 milliseconds, 9-mm spot on the neck) every 4 weeks for the vascular component of her PWS. After 6 sessions, the authors obtained 34.61% improvement in lesional color and area, measured with objective 3-dimensional digital photography as described previously. To improve soft tissue hypertrophy and facial asymmetry, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment was introduced (Ultraformer III; Classys, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea). The authors used 3 transducers working at the depths of 4.5, 3.0, and 1.5 mm, with energies 0.7, 0.6, and 0.4 J, respectively. A total of 600 lines were utilized in 2 sessions of 300 each with 2-week intervals. After 6 months, repositioning of hypertrophic cheek skin was performed with poly-L-lactic acid traction threads (Silhuette-Soft; Sinclair Pharma Ltd., Chester, United Kingdom). The authors used 2 threads with 12 cones (6 on each side) in 'V' shape fashion from 2 entry points in preauricular area and achieved immediate (data not shown) and delayed satisfactory results (Figure 1). The patient reported greater satisfaction from improved facial asymmetry than from color modification.
关键词： Traction Threads,High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound,Facial Hypertrophic Port-Wine Stain,532 nm Laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52