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Full noncontact laser ultrasound: first human data
摘要： Full noncontact laser ultrasound (LUS) imaging has several distinct advantages over current medical ultrasound (US) technologies: elimination of the coupling mediums (gel/water), operator-independent image quality, improved repeatability, and volumetric imaging. Current light-based ultrasound utilizing tissue-penetrating photoacoustics (PA) generally uses traditional piezoelectric transducers in contact with the imaged tissue or carries an optical fiber detector close to the imaging site. Unlike PA, the LUS design presented here minimizes the optical penetration and specifically restricts optical-to-acoustic energy transduction at the tissue surface, maximizing the generated acoustic source amplitude. With an appropriate optical design and interferometry, any exposed tissue surfaces can become viable acoustic sources and detectors. LUS operates analogously to conventional ultrasound but uses light instead of piezoelectric elements. Here, we present full noncontact LUS results, imaging targets at ~5 cm depths and at a meter-scale standoff from the target surface. Experimental results demonstrating volumetric imaging and the first LUS images on humans are presented, all at eye- and skin-safe optical exposure levels. The progression of LUS imaging from tissue-mimicking phantoms, to excised animal tissue, to humans in vivo is shown, with validation from conventional ultrasound images. The LUS system design insights and results presented here inspire further LUS development and are a significant step toward the clinical implementation of LUS.
关键词： photoacoustics,noncontact imaging,volumetric imaging,human imaging,laser ultrasound
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy, ultrasound therapy, and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of patients with TMDs: a prospective study
摘要： Introduction A temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is considered to be multifactorial with several treatment modalities available to provide symptomatic relief. The use of non-invasive biological techniques with minimal or no side effects is highly recommended. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), therapeutic ultrasound (Th.US), and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for the management of TMDs. Methodology A total of 45 patients (16 males and 29 females) with an age range between 20 and 50 years having temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder with TMJ pain, joint sounds, limited mouth opening, and pain in muscles of mastication were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into 3 equal groups where group I was given class IV A low-level laser therapy (indium gallium arsenide phosphide [InGaAsP]) at a wavelength of 940 nm biweekly for 4 weeks. Group II was given therapeutic ultrasound in continuous mode at a frequency of 1 MHz and intensity of 1–1.25 W/cm2 for 3 min/session (3 sessions of 3 min each in every visit). The patients in group III were given TENS therapy with low-intensity current for a duration of 30 min, with a pulse rate of 0.11 Hz biweekly. All the patients were followed up twice a week until 1 month corresponding to total eight visits in 4 weeks to check for reduction in pain intensity, number of tender points, joint sounds, and maximal possible mouth opening. Results There was a statistically significant greater reduction in pain (p < 0.005), greater increase in mouth opening (p < 0.005), and more reduction in tender points (p < 0.005) in LLLT group. The significant comparative results could be observed in the first week of therapy itself. The results revealed that LLLT provided most significant symptomatic relief followed by therapeutic ultrasound and least improvement was observed in TENS group. Conclusion Although all the three physical therapies improved the signs and symptoms of TMDs, LLLT was found to be most effective in relieving pain, improving mouth opening, and reducing the number of tender points from the baseline until the end of the treatment compared with therapeutic ultrasound and TENS. Hence, it can be concluded that LLLT is a safe and clinically effective therapy for managing patients with TMJ pain and reduced mouth opening.
关键词： Therapeutic ultrasound,Low-level laser therapy,TENS,Temporomandibular disorders
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Sa1479 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY AND PROBE-BASED CONFOCAL LASER ENDOMICROSCOPY FOR THE MALIGNANCY DETECTION IN BILE DUCT LESIONS
摘要： Choledocholithiasis is usually diagnosed by one of several radiographic modalities prior to Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). Often, despite a radiographic diagnosis of a common bile duct (CBD) stone, no stone is found at ERCP, indicating that pre-procedure imaging may not be accurate. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of different imaging techniques in predicting choledocholithiasis, with ERCP as the gold standard. Methods: We prospectively entered information into a database for 4447 ERCP’s spanning 17 years, beginning in 2000, at an academic referral center. We retrieved 822 ERCPs performed for choledocholithiasis found on imaging. The imaging modalities showing choledocholithiasis were: 172 magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography’s(MRCP), 220 computed tomography(CT) scans, 219 ultrasounds (U/S), and 211 intra-operative cholangiograms (IOC). Given the presumed high pretest probability of choledocholithiasis predicted by these imaging studies, all patients underwent a biliary sphincterotomy and balloon or basket sweep of the CBD. Patients were divided into those with a dilated CBD (> 10 mm) and a non-dilated CBD (<Z 10 mm). Ultrasound: Of the 219 patients with stones on U/S, 163 actually had a stone(s) at ERCP, and 56 did not, for a likelihood, or positive predictive value (PPV), of 74%. That is, PPV Z True-positive/(True-positive + False-positive) Z 163/(163+56) Z 74%. Separating by bile duct diameter, for CBD > 10 mm, 95 patients had stones, while only 11 did not (PPV Z 90%). For CBD <Z 10 mm, 68 actually had stones, while 45 did not (PPV Z60%, pZ0.00005). See the attached table below for similar calculations for CT, MRCP, and IOC. Conclusion: The true incidence of CBD stones after so-called “positive imaging” is not as high as one would expect, with PPVs of only 74% for MRCP, 85% for CT, 74% for U/S, and 60% for an IOC. It is important to note that the ?nding of choledocholithiasis on any imaging platform should be interpreted with caution, and in the context of other data such as laboratory values and clinical presentation. CBD diameter > 10 mm was a statistically signi?cant predictor of a “true positive” imaging study on CT, US, and IOC, but not for MRCP. However, there was a trend toward better predictive value for larger duct diameters for MRCP as well, and we feel that MRCP ?ndings might reach statistical signi?cance if the sample size were slightly larger. These ?ndings, along with other clinical parameters, may enable exclusion of some patients from unnecessary ERCPs who might be at lower risk of CBD stones based on smaller duct diameter.
关键词： ERCP,MRCP,Choledocholithiasis,IOC,CT,Ultrasound,CBD stones
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided needle‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions ‐ a feasibility study
摘要： Background and Aim: Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) allows for real-time optical biopsies during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Little is known about the nCLE imaging of gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (GI-SELs); therefore, we determined its feasibility. Methods: We performed EUS, next nCLE, and finally FNA in 25 patients with GI-SELs between November 2015 and December 2018. We retrospectively compared nCLE findings with pathologic findings of EUS-FNA or surgical specimens. For concordance analysis, two endoscopists independently validated representative nCLE images 5 months or more after examinations. Results: The adequate sample acquisition rate of EUS-FNA was 67% per needle pass and 96% per patient. EUS-FNA was diagnostic in 80% (20/25), suspicious in 4% (1/25), and nondiagnostic in 16% (4/25). The nCLE image acquisition rate was 100% and its concordance rate with final pathology was 88% (22/25), which was not significantly different from diagnostic and suspicious EUS-FNA. nCLE could differentiate GI stromal tumors from leiomyoma, in that GISTs were characterized by contrast-enhanced densely populated spindle cell tumors with unenhanced rod-shaped nuclei in 93% of 14 patients, whereas leiomyomas were characterized by narrower spindle cell tumors with fewer and smaller unenhanced nuclei in 100% of 3 patients. In rectal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma, some pleomorphic dark nests were observed. At concordance analysis between the two endoscopists’ validation results, the ? value was 0.560 (P<0.001), indicating moderate agreement. There were no adverse events associated with nCLE and EUS-FNA. Conclusion: nCLE can be safe and useful for the on-site detection of abnormalities of GI-SELs (UMIN 000013857).
关键词： gastrointestinal subepithelial lesion,endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration,needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy,gastrointestinal stromal tumor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Mid-IR Laser Generating Ultrasound in a Polyetheretherketone Polymer
摘要： We demonstrate laser ultrasonic generation in polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A middle infrared ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator (ZGP-OPO) pumped by a Q-switched Ho:YAG laser is employed as the ultrasonic excitation source. The ZGP-OPO has a spectral range of 3.2–3.4 μm. At an output wavelength of 3.4 μm, the maximum average output power of ZGP-OPO is 3.05 W with a pulse width of 24.3 ns, corresponding to a peak power of approximately 127.5 kW. The ultrasound is generated by the laser converted from 3.2 to 3.4 μm in the PEEK composite. The maximum ultrasonic signal amplitude in PEEK is 33 mV under the condition of thermoelastic excitation at 3.4 μm. Ablation occurs in the CPRF sample when the energy fluence is over 122.45 mJ/cm2. PEEK has a stronger absorption at 3.4 μm and laser-ultrasound generation is influenced by the wavelength of the laser.
关键词： ZGP-OPO,Ho:YAG laser,polyetheretherketone,ultrasound,Mid-IR laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Sinergic Effect of Therapeutic Ultrasound and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Hands and Knees Ostheoarthritis
摘要： Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects predominantly hands and knees of the elderly population, being characterized by chronic pain and limitation of joint movements. Therapeutic approaches to ease the pain, as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and photobiomodulation (low-level laser therapy) have been broadly used as a complement to drug treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergic effect of LIPUS associated to LLLT on osteoarthritis of hands and knees. For this, 69 patients, being 48 affected by knee osteoarthritis and 21 affected by hand osteoarthritis were selected for the study. Patients were evaluated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) for knee osteoarthritis and by Australian Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand (AUSCAN), for hands osteoarthritis. All patients filled out the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain questionnaire, which showed statistical improvement of hands (p<0.001) and knees (p<0.001) when comparing before and after treatment. Functional evaluation by AUSCAN showed improvement of hands functionality (p<0.002). Results showed that the synergic therapy of LIPUS and LLLT were efficient in the treatment of hands and knees osteoarthritis, providing a new approach of a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment that contributes to better quality of life for the patients with this chronic and degenerative pathology.
关键词： WOMAC,Low-level laser therapy,Osteoarthritis,Therapeutic ultrasound,AUSCAN
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A novel intensity-based multi-level classification approach for coronary plaque characterization in intravascular ultrasound images
摘要： Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a commonly used diagnostic imaging method for coronary artery disease. Virtual histology (VH) characterizes the plaque components into fibrous tissue (FT), fibro-fatty tissue (FFT), necrotic core (NC), or dense calcium (DC). However, VH can obtain only a single-frame image in one cardiac cycle, and specific software is needed to obtain the radio frequency data. This study proposed a novel intensity-based multi-level classification model for plaque characterization. Methods: The plaque-containing regions between the intima and the media-adventitia were segmented manually for all IVUS frames. A total of 54 features including first order statistics, grey level co-occurrence matrix, Law’s energy measures, extended grey level run length matrix, intensity, and local binary pattern were estimated from the plaque-containing regions. After feature extraction, optimal features were selected using principle component analysis (PCA), and these were utilized as the input for the classification models. Plaque components were classified into FT, FFT, NC, or DC using an intensity-based multi-level classification model consisting of three different nets. Net 1 differentiated low-intensity components into FT/FFT and NC/DC groups. Then, net 2 subsequently divided FT/FFT into FT or FFT, whereas the remainder and high-intensity components were classified into NC or DC via net 3. To improve classification accuracy, each net utilized three different input features obtained by PCA. Classification performance was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Quantitative results indicated that the proposed method showed significantly high classification accuracy for all tissue types. The classifiers had classification accuracies of 85.1%, 71.9%, and 77.2%, respectively, and the areas under the curve were 0.845, 0.704, and 0.783. In particular, the proposed method achieved relatively high sensitivity (82.0%) and specificity (87.1%) for differentiating between the FT/FFT and NC/DC groups. Conclusions: These results confirmed the clinical applicability of the proposed approach for IVUS-based tissue characterization.
关键词： Intravascular ultrasound,Intensity-based multi-level classification,Texture features,Plaque characterization,Principle component analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Ultrasonic detection of high-intensity focused ultrasound field using quadrature point phase step in a fibre optic interferometric sensor
摘要： A compact low-temperature cross-talk all-fibre ultrasonic sensor based on quadrature point phase step is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the detection of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The end facet of the graded index fibre was microfabricated with a 3π/2 phase step, which forms an ultra-compact two-wave interferometer. The ultrasonic wave front can be simply detected with phase-front modulation. The all-fibre configuration allows the sensor to detect the HIFU field at a high intensity level. More importantly, the proposed sensor is virtually temperature-independent due to the ultra-thin phase step. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic sensor has a sensitivity of 324mV/MPa, and the standard variation of the temperature cross-sensitivity is only 1.7%. The proposed fibre sensor is expected to have potential applications in HIFU detection due to its tolerance at high intensity levels and low-temperature cross-sensitivity.
关键词： phase-front modulation,HIFU field,phase step,optical fibre ultrasound sensor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) - Ostrava, Czech Republic (2018.9.17-2018.9.20)] 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) - A Novel Computer-Aided Diagnosis Framework Using Deep Learning for Classification of Fatty Liver Disease in Ultrasound Imaging
摘要： Fatty Liver Disease (FLD), if left untreated can progress into fatal chronic diseases (Eg. fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, etc.) leading to permanent liver failure. Doctors usually use ultrasound scanning as the primary modality for quantifying the amount of fat deposition in the liver tissues, to categorize the FLD into normal and abnormal. However, this quantification or diagnostic accuracy depends on the expertise and skill of the radiologist. With the advent of Health 4.0 and the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) techniques, the accuracy in detection of FLD using the ultrasound by the sonographers and clinicians can be improved. Along with an accurate diagnosis, the CAD techniques will help radiologists to diagnose more patients in less time. Hence, to improve the classification accuracy of FLD using ultrasound images, we propose a novel CAD framework using convolution neural networks and transfer learning (pre-trained VGG-16 model). Performance analysis shows that the proposed framework offers an FLD classification accuracy of 90.6% in classifying normal and fatty liver images.
关键词： Computer Aided Diagnosis,VGG-16,Deep Learning,Fatty Liver Disease,Ultrasound Imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[Ocular Trauma] Anatomy and Examination in Ocular Trauma || Imaging Examination
摘要： Technology advances at a great pace. Particularly in medicine and, one may venture to say, even more so in the field of ophthalmology. Yet, regarding ocular trauma, the physician stands between multiple crossroads when deciding which imaging examination method to choose from. He must find balance between cost-benefit, medicolegal purposes, immediate or intermediate availability, and prioritizing strategy-modifying information, more often than not relying on century-old techniques, mixed with state-of-the-art technologies, and always based on solid clinical evaluation to make the best decision in a reasonably short time. This chapter will attempt to introduce the imaging examination techniques of X-ray, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, B-ultrasound, biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and specular microscopy now available for the assessment in ocular trauma, their working mechanisms, scopes, as well as their strong and weak points.
关键词： Computed tomography scan,Ocular trauma,Magnetic resonance imaging,B-ultrasound,Optical coherence tomography,Specular microscopy,Examination,X-ray,Biomicroscopy,UBM
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36