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Performance evaluation of a new and improved cuvette-based automated urinalysis analyzer with phase contrast microscopy
摘要： Background: The use of phase contrast in urinalysis has been highly recommended. A new system, sediMAX conTRUST PRO, is now available providing simultaneous automated phase contrast and bright field microscopy. This study aimed to evaluate both analytical and diagnostic performance of this new analyzer. Methods: Results from 504 samples evaluated with the sediMAX conTRUST PRO were compared to those obtained from the same samples by manual microscopy (MM). Analytical and diagnostic performance were assessed according to established guidelines. Results: The concentration of red blood cells (RBCs)and white blood cells (WBCs) at which the LoQ satisfied a CV < 25% was 12 particles per μL (p/μL) and 8 p/μL, respectively. Within one grade of agreement concordance was quite high, 97.8% for RBCs and 98.0% for WBCs, and above 90% for all other particles. Overall, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were good (> 80%) for the particles considered, although lower sensitivities, 70.6% and 61.8%, were respectively found for hyaline and pathological casts. Conclusions: The sediMAX conTRUST PRO provides very good performance in terms of RBC and WBC recognition and enumeration, and quite good performance for all other particles. Hyaline cast and pathological cast identification is fine and comparable to other automated systems, but could use further improvement.
关键词： sediMAX conTRUST PRO,Method comparison,Automated urinalysis,Phase contrast urine microcopy,Urine sediment
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Quantitative Determination of Urine Glucose: Combination of Laminar Flow in Microfluidic Chip with SERS Probe Technique
摘要： A surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) sensing approach for urine glucose was developed based on the laminar flow technology in a cross-type microfluidic chip with SERS probes, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) functionalized Ag nanoparticles. MPBA as the glucose receptor can identify and bind up with glucose at a molar ratio of 2:1, which can cause the aggregation of SERS probes at a certain position of the chip channel and further enhance the SERS signal of MPBA significantly. Thus, the quantitative SERS detection of glucose was achieved indirectly. No sample pretreatment and separation were needed in this method since the SERS detection was achieved in the gradient diffusion and molecular recognition processes between urine glucose and SERS probe in the laminar flow, which simplified the sample treatment procedures, saved detection time and made it feasible for clinic applications. This method shows a good linear relationship within human body’s normal physiological range and has high sensitivity and selectivity. The lowest detection concentration can reach 1.0 mg/dL.
关键词： Urine glucose,4-Mercaptophenylboronic acid,Microfluidic chip,Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Highly efficient total nitrogen and simultaneous total organic carbon removal for urine based on the photoelectrochemical cycle reaction of chlorine and hydroxyl radicals
摘要： Urine is a major nitrogen and COD source and threatens the aqueous environment, leading to eutrophication and energy consumption. However, the conventional technologies encounter the bottleneck due to the high load of nitrogen and organics in urine. Here we propose an innovative idea for complete transformation of urea-nitrogen to N2 and simultaneous degradation of organics to CO2 with the assistance of chlorine and hydroxyls radicals (Cl? and HO?) in photoelectrochemical cell system. This idea reveals circulation process of these two radicals: photoexcited holes from WO3 anode oxidize chloride and hydroxyl ions to Cl? and HO? radicals under illumination, these radicals convert urea-nitrogen to N2 or slight nitrate, and then slight nitrate is selectively reduced to N2 on a novel Pd/Au modified porous metallic sheet. TN analysis of a simulated urea solution of 30 mg L-1 demonstrated that N2 and CO2 are the primary oxidation products of the urea, and the urea-N was completely stripped (99.45%) in 90 min. Meanwhile, with the detection of EPR spectrum, organics can be transformed to CO2 by OH? in this cyclic system. Significantly, the feasibility of actual urine treatment was also investigated, indicating great denitrification efficiency (99.37%) and TOC removal efficiency (50.91%), respectively. This work sheds light upon a new economical, efficient, and environment-friendly means of urine sewage treatment.
关键词： urine,hydroxyl radicals,denitrification,chlorine radicals,photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine Using FAIMS and Fox4000 Electronic Nose
摘要： The electronic nose (eNose) is an instrument designed to mimic the human olfactory system. Usage of eNose in medical applications is more popular than ever, due to its low costs and non-invasive nature. The eNose sniffs the gases and vapours that emanate from human waste (urine, breath, and stool) for the diagnosis of variety of diseases. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) affects 8.3% of adults in the world, with 43% being underdiagnosed, resulting in 4.9 million deaths per year. In this study, we investigated the potential of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for diabetes. In addition, we investigated the influence of sample age on the diagnostic accuracy of urinary VOCs. We analysed 140 urine samples (73 DM2, 67 healthy) with Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS); a type of eNose; and FOX 4000 (AlphaM.O.S, Toulouse, France). Urine samples were collected at UHCW NHS Trust clinics over 4 years and stored at ?80 ?C within two hours of collection. Four different classifiers were used for classification, specifically Sparse Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gaussian Process, and Support Vector on both FAIMS and FOX4000. Both eNoses showed their capability of diagnosing DM2 from controls and the effect of sample age on the discrimination. FAIMS samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 88%, sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 82%) and then sub group samples aged less than a year (AUC (Area Under the Curve): 94%, Sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 100%). FOX4000 samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 85%, sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 85%) and a sub group samples aged less than 18 months: (AUC: 94%, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 89%). We demonstrated that FAIMS and FOX 4000 eNoses can discriminate DM2 from controls using urinary VOCs. In addition, we showed that urine sample age affects discriminative accuracy.
关键词： biosensor,urine sample,medical application,electronic nose,non-invasive diagnosis,FOX 4000,volatile organic compounds (VOCs),FAIMS,diabetes
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fluorescence analysis of urine and its potential for ovarian cancer screening
摘要： Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer could lead to decreased mortality. We assessed the possible use of urine autofluorescence analysis in its diagnostics and screening. We analysed urine from 42 healthy volunteers, 35 patients with benign, and 36 patients with malignant ovarian tumors. Synchronous fluorescence spectra with a 70 nm wavelength difference were recorded for (1:1 – 1:1024) urine dilutions. Concentration matrices of synchronous spectra (CMSS) were used to classify samples into tested groups. CMSS analysis allowed us to distinguish patients with malignant tumors from healthy ones with a high sensitivity (91.67 %) and specificity (100 %), a positive predictive value (PPV) 100 % and a negative predictive value (NPV) 93.33 %. However, discrimination between benign and malignant ovarian tumors was weaker, with sensitivity 86.11 %, specificity 77.14 %, PPV 79.49 % and NPV 84.38 %. Fluorescence intensity and the position of peaks at 330 and 360 nm were found to be associated with the grade and stage, suggesting that different fluorescent metabolites may prevail at different stages of the disease. CMSS analysis of urine provides an alternative for ovarian cancer screening method development and could be used as a diagnostic test to detect the recurrence of the disease after therapy.
关键词： native fluorophore,ovarian cancer,urine,adnexal tumor,metabolite,synchronous fluorescence spectrum
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Development of a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor and ELISA for 3-nitrotyrosine in human urine
摘要： 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is thought to be a relevant biomarker of nitrosative stress which is associated with many inflammatory and chronic diseases. It is necessary to develop confidential method for specific and sensitive 3-NT detection. In this paper, on the basis of anti-3-NT specific antibody, we developed a label-free indirect competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor and ELISA for the detection of 3-NT. Under the optimized conditions, the SPR immunosensor can obtain a linear range of 0.17–6.07 μg/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.12 μg/mL while the ELISA can reach 0.33–9.94 μg/mL and a LOD of 0.24 μg/mL.The selectivity of 3-NT was also testified by six kinds of amino acid analogues. Besides, the developed SPR immunosensor was compared thoroughly with a conventional ELISA in spiked analysis of urine samples. Good recoveries and correlation between these two methods were observed (R2 = 0.964). Therefore, it is concluded that the automated SPR platform can be applied to quantify 3-NT in biological samples with its sensitivity, accuracy, and real-timing.
关键词： ELISA,Human urine,3-nitrotyrosine,Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46