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Boosting Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Graphene quantum dots decorated SnO2 Electron Transport Layers
摘要： In this work, Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was decorated on the SnO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) to boost the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.1% was acquired with the combination of SnO2 and GQDs. Compared with the SnO2-only ETL devices (18.6%), the PCE of SnO2/GQDs based devices is greatly enhanced in PCE by the value of 13.4% as well as in the stability. Investigation reveals that with the combination of SnO2 and GQDs, the open circuit voltage (VOC) and the short circuit current density (JSC) could increase. Various advanced optical and electrical characterizations were carried out to explore the action mechanism of GQDs. The experimental results convinced that the introduction of GQDs leads to the better carrier transportation and extraction by increasing the electronic coupling and matching the energy levels between the perovskite and SnO2 ETL. Also, the perovskite film quality deposited on the GQDs decorated SnO2 ETL is better compared with the SnO2 only. Furthermore, the device stability based on the GQDs modified SnO2 is evidently improved contrast to the SnO2-only device. Its performance kept above 80% of initial value after 720 h storage.
关键词： electron transport layer,graphene quantum dots,SnO2,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE TENCON 2019 - 2019 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) - Kochi, India (2019.10.17-2019.10.20)] TENCON 2019 - 2019 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) - Analysis of Stable, Environment Friendly and Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell
摘要： Highly efficient organo halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) have organic hole transporting material (HTM) and lead based absorber layer. However, organic HTMs are very costly and unstable. Moreover, lead is very toxic and hence harmful to environment. This paper presents a numerical analysis of PSC using SCAPS-1D software with inorganic CuI as HTM, CH3NH3SnI3 as absorber and SnO2 as ETM. The performance of the structure has been analyzed by varying the absorber thickness, dopant density and defect density. The doping density and electron affinity of HTM are also varied to optimize the PSC performance. It is found that absorber with heavy doping (above 1016 cm-3) reduces the efficiency due to enhanced recombination rate. An optimum absorber layer defect density of ~1014 cm-3 has been identified as well. The final efficiency is found to be 24.22% considering all the optimized parameters. The analysis shown in this paper will be helpful for designing a highly efficient, environment friendly and stable PSC.
关键词： SCAPS-1D,SnO2,Perovskite solar cell,inorganic HTM,CH3NH3SnI3,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improvement of planar perovskite solar cells by using solution processed SnO2/CdS as electron transport layer
摘要： The efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with SnO2 as electron transport layer is already more than 19% achieved under controlled atmosphere. PSCs with solution processed SnO2 show high hysteresis and low fill factor. One way to improve the planar PSCs is using buffer layer between electron transport layer and perovskite to enhance the photo-electron extraction process. In this study, SnO2 and SnO2/CdS layers were fabricated by solution process using a suspension including CdS nanoparticles synthesized via a simple solution route. Then planar PSCs with the structure of Glass/FTO/ETL/Perovskite/Sprio-OMeTAD/Au were fabricated in ambient air condition using SnO2 and SnO2/CdS as ETL. It is shown that a thin interface layer of CdS nanoparticles on top of SnO2 layer consistently improves the electron transporting properties of SnO2 layer. Mott-Schottky analysis shows a gradual change of electron affinity takes place by deposition of CdS nano particles. CdS interface layer can act as an intermediate step to facilitate electron transfer from perovskite layer to SnO2. The hysteresis index reduces from 0.17 to 0.05 and the efficiency improves from 15.0% to 17.18%. Impedance spectroscopy indicates that interface resistance is reduced by incorporating CdS nanoparticles.
关键词： CdS nanoparticle,Electron extraction,SnO2,Planar perovskite solar cell,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Silver Quantum Dot Decorated 2D-SnO2 Nanoflakes for Photocatalytic Degradation of the Water Pollutant Rhodamine B
摘要： Decoration of 2D semiconductor structures with heterogeneous metal quantum dots has attracted considerable attention due to advanced optical, electrical, and catalytic properties that result from the large surface-to-volume ratio associated with these structures. Herein, we report on silver quantum dot decorated 2D SnO2 nano?akes for the photocatalytic abatement of water e?uents, the synthesis of which was achieved through a straightforward and mild hydrothermal procedure. The photocatalysts were systematically investigated using UV–Vis, XRD, electron microscopy (SEM, HR-TEM), EDX, XPS and FTIR. The photocatalytic activity of the nanostructures was evaluated for the abatement of water pollutant rhodamine B (RhB), under light irradiation. The mild hydrothermal synthesis (100°C) proved highly e?cient for the production of large scale Ag quantum dot (QD)/SnO2 nano?akes for a novel photocatalytic application. The decoration of SnO2 with Ag QDs signi?cantly enhances the synergetic charge transfer, which diminishes the photo-induced electron-hole reunion. Moreover, the plasmonic e?ect from Ag QDs and 2D-SnO2 structures acts as an electron tank to collect the photo-induced electrons, generating a Schottky barrier between the SnO2 structures and quantum dots. Overall, this resulted in a facile and e?cient degradation of RhB, with a rate double that of pristine SnO2.
关键词： silver quantum dots,2D-SnO2 nano?akes,rhodamine B,photocatalytic activity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A low-temperature TiO2/SnO2 electron transport layer for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells; 低温 TiO2/SnO2 双电子传输层的光电性能及其在 钙钛矿电池中的应用;
摘要： Conventional titanium oxide (TiO2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires a sintering process at a high temperature to crystalize, which is not suitable for flexible PSCs and tandem solar cells with their low-temperature-processed bottom cell. Here, we introduce a low-temperature solution method to deposit a TiO2/tin oxide (SnO2) bilayer towards an efficient ETL. From the systematic measurements of optical and electronic properties, we demonstrate that the TiO2/SnO2 ETL has an enhanced charge extraction ability and a suppressed carrier recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface, both of which are beneficial to photo-generated carrier separation and transport. As a result, PSCs with TiO2/SnO2 bilayer ETLs present higher photovoltaic performance of the baseline cells compared with their TiO2 and SnO2 single-layer ETL counterparts. The champion PSC has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.11% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.15 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.77 mA cm?2, and a fill factor (FF) of 72.38%. Additionally, due to the suitable band alignment of the TiO2/SnO2 ETL in the device, a high Voc of 1.18 V is achieved. It has been proven that the TiO2/SnO2 bilayer is a promising alternative ETL for high efficiency PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layer,low temperature,perovskite solar cell,energy band alignment,TiO2/SnO2
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A study on the material characteristics of low temperature cured SnO2 films for perovskite solar cells under high humidity
摘要： Electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role on the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by separating and transporting the charge carriers. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively used as an ETL in PSCs; however, high temperature thermal annealing requirement impedes its integration with flexible polymer substrates for roll to roll fabrication. Herein, we have demonstrated that SnO2 is a potential ETL candidate when fabricated at low temperature (180 °C) using spin coating technique. XRD and XPS analysis revealed synthesis of rutile SnO2 tetragonal phase. TEM micrographs with SAED pattern proved formation of nanosized (3 to 4 nm) crystals of SnO2 with polycrystalline phase. FESEM analysis revealed the SnO2 nanocrystals fully covered the FTO surface and elemental mapping confirmed the uniformly distribution tin (Sn) and (O) elements throughout the surface. In addition to this, transmission analysis confirmed that SnO2 film exhibited good transmission property. PSCs were fabricated in ambient air (relative humidity ranges from 55% to 65%) with concentrated SnO2 colloidal solution and diluted SnO2 with different concentrations (1:1 v/v, 1:2 v/v, 1:4 v/v and 1:6 v/v). It was found that 1:4 v/v based diluted colloidal solution of SnO2 in DI water film exhibited the highest PSC performance of 8.51% in ambient conditions. Thus, low temperature solution processed SnO2 is an efficient ETL and well-suited for low cost automated fabrication of PSCs at large scale.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,SnO2,Low temperature,High humidity,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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SnO2 surface defects tuned by (NH4)2S for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely adopted as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the oxygen vacancies of the SnO2 not only are the trap states of the nonradiative recombination of photo-generated carriers, but also build the potential barrier of carrier transport. To solve this issue, ammonium sulfide [(NH4)2S] is introduced to the SnO2 precursor for passivating the surface defects by terminating the Sn dangling bonds (S–Sn bonds). After reducing the surface traps, the electron mobility and conductivity of SnO2 film are enhanced significantly while the carrier recombination is decreased. Additionally, the energy level of S-SnO2 is also slightly modified. Therefore, this sulfide-passivated mothed remarkably improves the electron collection efficiency of the ETL. Furthermore, the linkage of Sn–S–Pb anchors the perovskite crystals at the perovskite/SnO2 interface, which increases the electron extraction efficiency and the stability of PSC. Based on this S-SnO2 ETL, the power conversion efficiency of the PSC is greatly promoted from 18.67% to 20.03%, compared with the reference one. In this study, it is proven that the surface defect passivation of SnO2 is an efficient and simple method to improve the photovoltaic performance, as a promising ETL for high-efficiency device.
关键词： Oxygen vacancy,Carrier transport dynamic,SnO2 electron transport layer,Surface passivation,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Green low-temperature-solution-processed in situ HI modified TiO2/SnO2 bilayer for efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells build at ambient air conditions
摘要： Planar structures for halide perovskite solar cells with the high efficiencies typically use high-temperature processed TiO2 as the electron transporting layers (ETLs). Here, we demonstrate that an in-situ passivation strategy for TiO2 film through the introduction of HI during low-temperature preparation process. HI not only controls hydrolysis of TiO2 precursor but also eliminates defects and suppresses trap states in TiO2 film. Meanwhile, the double-layer architecture is constructed by coating TiO2 with SnO2 layer, the double ETLs can improve the photovoltaic performance of methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells. The TiO2(HI)/SnO2 ETL can effectively reduce the interfacial charge recombination and facilitate electron transfer. More importantly, the preparation of TiO2 and SnO2 are totally performed at low-temperature (150 °C) and the devices are fabricated in uncontrolled ambient conditions. Our best-performing planar perovskite cell using such a TiO2(HI)/SnO2 ETL has achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.74%, and the devices exhibit good stability which maintaining 85% and 83% of their initial efficiency after heating at 100 °C for 22 h and under illuminating upon 1 sun irradiation for 6 h, respectively. Our results suggest a new approach for further improving the stability of PSCs fabricated in the air condition.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,electron transfer layer,ambient condition,TiO2/SnO2
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Improved light-harvesting and suppressed charge recombination by introduction of a nanograss-like SnO <sub/>2</sub> interlayer for efficient CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells
摘要： Quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) performance is primarily limited by the recombination of charges at the interfaces of TiO2/quantum dot (QD) sensitizer/electrolyte. Hence, blocking or suppressing the charge recombination is an essential requirement to elevate the QDSSC performance to the next level. To retard the charge recombination, herein, we propose the introduction of a SnO2 nanograss (NG) interlayer on the surface of TiO2 using the facile chemical bath deposition method. The SnO2 NG interlayer not only inhibits the interfacial recombination processes in QDSSCs but also enhances the light-harvesting capability in generating more excitons. Hence, the TiO2/SnO2 NG/CdS QDSSCs can achieve the power conversion efficiency of 3.15%, which is superior to that of a TiO2/CdS device (2.16%). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, open-circuit voltage decay and dark current analyses confirm that the photoanode/electrolyte interface is suppressed and the life time is improved by introducing the SnO2 NG interlayer between the TiO2 and CdS QD sensitizer.
关键词： Charge recombination,SnO2 nanograss,Light-harvesting,Chemical bath deposition,Quantum dot sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Nano-sized SnO <sub/>2</sub> by a facile nanosecond laser irradiation in aqueous solution
摘要： A green and facile route was devised for the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using pulse laser irradiation of an aqueous solution of stannous chloride dihydrate and sodium hydroxide. The process employed ascorbic acid as a passivating agent, and SnO2 was obtained without any hazardous chemical reducing agent or high temperature calcination process. A nanosecond laser generating pulses with a peak wavelength of 355 nm and pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz was employed. Structural characterisations of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were carried out. The morphology of the SnO2 NPs were mostly spherical and their average crystalline sizes in the range 48.0–62.5 nm as obtained from the TEM images. The particles size showed a direct relationship with the irradiation time, and a decrease in the monodispersity was observed with increase in the time of exposure to the laser beam. The photocatalytic activity of the NPs, obtained with the least time of exposure to the laser beam, was evaluated for the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light. The nanoparticles achieved about 84% efficiency towards the degradation of the dye within 180 min.
关键词： methylene blue,SnO2,laser irradiation,photocatalysis,nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22