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The effect of indium doping on photovoltaic properties of chemically synthesized zinc oxide thin-film electrodes
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) performance of chemically synthesized indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) nanorod electrodes has been investigated by photocurrent density-voltage (J-V). The indium (In) concentration was varied from 2 to 6 at.% for IZO. The J-V measurements as performed under a dark condition and a simulated white light of 80 mW/cm2 confirmed increase in PV performance with the IZO electrodes, making a peak with the 4 at.% In concentration. The investigated properties of the synthesized In-doped ZnO nanorod electrodes (structural and optical) strongly agreed with the PV results and well support the enhanced PV performance of the IZO electrodes. This clearly indicates that IZO electrodes would be preferred against undoped ones in PV solar cell application.
关键词： IZO electrodes,Photovoltaic performance,In concentration,Wurtzite crystal structure,ZnO nanorods
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1? <i>μ</i> m through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
摘要： Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two di?erent zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylene-tetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray di?raction (XRD) pro?les were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.
关键词： zinc oxide nanorods,perovskite solar cells,chemical bath deposition,spin coating,seed layer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence in Gold Nanorod-Quantum Dot Coupled Systems
摘要： Plasmon-exciton coupling is of great importance to many optical devices and applications. One of the coupling manifestations is plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. Although this effect is demonstrated in numerous experimental and theoretical works, there are different particle shapes for which this effect is not fully investigated. In this work electrostatic complexes of gold nanorods and CdSe/CdZnS quantum dots were studied. Double-resonant gold nanorods have an advantage of the simultaneous enhancement of the absorption and emission when the plasmon bands match the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths of an emitter. A relationship between the concentration of quantum dots in the complexes and the enhancement factor was established. It was demonstrated that the enhancement factor is inversely proportional to the concentration of quantum dots. The maximal fluorescence enhancement by 10.8 times was observed in the complex with the smallest relative concentration of 2.5 quantum dots per rod and approximately 5 nm distance between them. Moreover, the influence of quantum dot location on the gold nanorod surface plays an important role. Theoretical study and experimental data indicate that only the position near the nanorod ends provides the enhancement. At the same time, the localization of quantum dots on the sides of the nanorods leads to the fluorescence quenching.
关键词： quantum dot fluorescence,gold nanorod-quantum dot complexes,plasmon-enhanced fluorescence,plasmon-exciton coupling,gold nanorods
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Nanoparticles-assembled ZnFe2O4 mesoporous nanorods for physicochemical and magnetic properties
摘要： Hierarchically one dimensional (1-D) mesoporous ZnFe2O4 rods with nanoparticles as their building blocks have been synthesized by the solvothermal approach. The influence of annealing temperature on structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties was intensively investigated. X-ray diffraction was used to ascertain the phase purity of synthesized samples. To perceive the information on morphological and structural features, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was probed. It was observed that nanorods with high aspect ratio were obtained when treated at 600 °C (ZF600) annealing temperature as compared to 400 °C (ZF400). Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy was resorted to gain the insight of bonding mechanism associated with ZF400 and ZF600. To enrich the study on material chemistry and defects, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller envisioned the surface area of ZF400 and ZF600. It was found that surface area decreases with increase in annealing temperature. UV–Vis spectroscopy expounds that the optical band gap increases with annealing temperature from 3.0 to 3.3 eV for ZF400 to ZF600 respectively. Magnetic measurements were performed on vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature and the results decipher the superparamagnetic nature of the synthesized material. Additionally, saturation magnetization was found to increase with annealing temperature.
关键词： optical properties,nanorods,ZnFe2O4,solvothermal,magnetic properties,annealing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Photothermally-Enhanced Molecular Delivery and Cellular Positioning on Patterned Plasmonic Interfaces
摘要： Photothermal conversion effect of plasmonic nanostructures is considered as a promising technique for cellular and molecular manipulations owing to controllability of local temperature. Therefore, this technique has been extensively applied to biological studies such as controlling cellular behavior, delivery of biologics, and biomolecular detection. Herein, we propose a novel method for directed cell positioning and photothermally-modulated molecular delivery to the cells using patterned plasmonic interfaces. Plasmonic substrates with gold nanorods (GNRs) and cell adhesion molecules fabricated by microcontact printing are optimized for cellular positioning on designated patterns. Through the photothermal conversion effect of GNRs on the pattern, we further demonstrate on-demand, light-induced delivery of drug molecules to the target cells. We expect that this approach will provide a new way to study single cellular behaviors and enhance molecular delivery to the target cells.
关键词： drug delivery,Photothermal conversion,gold nanorods,cell positioning,microcontact printing,plasmonic interfaces
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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p-GaN/n-ZnO Nanorod/CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Quantum Dots Decorated with ZnO Nanoseeds for Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： In this paper, we report the dual-wavelength green-light emission from zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoseed-decorated p-GaN (gallium nitride)/n-ZnO nanorod/CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At the same time, the effect of ZnO nanoseeds on the p-GaN/n-ZnO nanorod/CsPbBr3 QDs LED performance is deeply studied. ZnO nanoseeds were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and the sol?gel method; then ZnO nanorods were obtained on GaN by hydrothermal treatment to form the p-GaN/n-ZnO nanorod heterojunction, and green CsPbBr3 QDs were further deposited on ZnO nanorod arrays to realize LEDs. The results show that magnetron-sputtering ZnO nanoseeds can induce regular vertical ZnO nanorod arrays, and the corresponding device presents a better electroluminescence (EL) performance. The X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and EL mechanisms indicate that the p-GaN/n-ZnO nanorod with magnetron-sputtering ZnO nanoseeds has a better crystalline interface. Our results indicate that the p-GaN/n-ZnO nanorod/CsPbBr3 QDs heterojunction structure can be served as dual-wavelength LEDs, and magnetron-sputtering ZnO nanoseeds can give rise to a better EL performance.
关键词： CsPbBr3 quantum dots,electroluminescence,ZnO nanoseeds,ZnO nanorods,light-emitting diodes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Coupling heterostructure of thickness-controlled nickel oxide nanosheets layer and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays via immersion route for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet photosensor applications
摘要： A coupling heterostructure consisting of nickel oxide nanosheets (NNS) and titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (TNAs) was fabricated for self-powered solid-state ultraviolet (UV) photosensor applications. By controlling the thickness of the NNS layer by via varying the growth time from 1 to 5 h at a deposition temperature of 90 °C, the coupling NNS/TNAs heterojunction films were formed and their structural, optical, electrical and UV photoresponse properties were investigated. The photocurrent measured from the fabricated self-powered UV photosensor was improved by increasing the thickness of NNS from 140 to 170 nm under UV irradiation (365 nm, 750 mWcm?2) at 0 V bias. A maximum photocurrent density of 0.510 mA?cm?2 was achieved for a sample with a NNS thickness of 170 nm and prepared with a 3 h NNS growth time. Our results showed that the fabricated NNS/TNAs heterojunction has potential applications for self-powered UV photosensors.
关键词： TiO2 nanorods,Electronic materials,Semiconductors,Immersion route,Photosensor,NiO nanosheets
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Cation‐Exchange Synthesis of Highly Monodisperse PbS Quantum Dots from ZnS Nanorods for Efficient Infrared Solar Cells
摘要： Infrared solar cells that utilize low-bandgap colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising devices to enhance the utilization of solar energy by expanding the harvested photons of common photovoltaics into the infrared region. However, the present synthesis of PbS QDs cannot produce highly efficient infrared solar cells. Here, a general synthesis is developed for low-bandgap PbS QDs (0.65–1 eV) via cation exchange from ZnS nanorods (NRs). First, ZnS NRs are converted to superlattices with segregated PbS domains within each rod. Then, sulfur precursors are released via the dissolution of the ZnS NRs during the cation exchange, which promotes size focusing of PbS QDs. PbS QDs synthesized through this new method have the advantages of high monodispersity, ease-of-size control, in situ passivation of chloride, high stability, and a “clean” surface. Infrared solar cells based on these PbS QDs with different bandgaps are fabricated, using conventional ligand exchange and device structure. All of the devices produced in this manner show excellent performance, showcasing the high quality of the PbS QDs. The highest performance of infrared solar cells is achieved using ≈0.95 eV PbS QDs, exhibiting an efficiency of 10.0% under AM 1.5 solar illumination, a perovskite-filtered efficiency of 4.2%, and a silicon-filtered efficiency of 1.1%.
关键词： PbS,quantum dots,nanorods,cation exchange,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Morphological Modification and Analysis of ZnO Nanorods and Their Optical Properties and Polarization
摘要： We report on the effect of the morphological modification on optical properties and polarization of ZnO nanorods (NR). Here, the morphology and structure of the ZnO NR were modified by introducing different annealing temperatures. The increase of length and diameter and change in density of the ZnO NR were clearly observed by increasing the annealing temperature. We found that the samples show different oxygen vacancy (VO) and zinc interstitial (ZnI) concentrations. We suggest that the different concentrations of VO and ZnI are originated from morphological and structural modification. Our results reveal that optical absorption and polarization of ZnO NR could be enhanced by producing a high concentration of VO and ZnI. The modification of VO and ZnI promotes a decrease in the band gap and coexistence of high optical absorption and polarization in our ZnO NR. Our findings would give a broad insight into the morphological modification and characterization technique on ZnO NR. The high optical and polarization characteristics of ZnO NR are potential for developing the high-performance nanogenerator device for multitype energy harvesting.
关键词： optical properties,polarization,annealing temperature,ZnO nanorods,morphological modification
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Smartphone based dual mode in situ detection of viability of bacteria using Ag nanorods array
摘要： The in-situ and rapid detection of live and dead bacteria is essential for human and environmental care. It has become one of the biggest needs in the biological and medical sciences to prevent infectious diseases, which usually occur in hospitals and field clinics. In the current scenario, antibiotic resistance is one of the severe public health problems, which requires a quick and efficient solution. Here, we report a facile sensitive, portable, user-friendly, cost-effective and time saving approach for detection of live, dead and drug-resistant bacteria. The endogenous H2S evolution was targeted to differentiate between live and dead as well as antibiotic resistant bacteria. The silver nanorods (AgNRs) arrays sensors were fabricated by glancing angle deposition technique. The colorimetric and water wettability features of as-synthesized AgNRs are found to be highly sensitive and selective for H2S. E. coli. P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus were used as a model organism in this study. All the bacteria were found to produce H2S by their metabolism process. In order to detect the antibiotic resistant E. coli were grown in the presence of different concentration of ampicillin in Luria broth. A drastic visible change in color as well as wetting of AgNRs array was observed. To make the technique easy, a user-friendly and field deployable mobile app ‘Colorimetric Detector’ was developed. This technique takes only 4-6 hours whereas the conventional methods need around 24 hours for the same. This dual mode facile and, inexpensive method can be easily scaled up in the field of diagnostics.
关键词： live and dead bacteria,hydrogen sulfide,glancing angle deposition,Antibiotic resistance,silver nanorods
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36