- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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What is the future policy for photovoltaic power applications in China? Lessons from the past
摘要： Over the past decades, a series of policies and regulations have been formulated to encourage photovoltaic (PV) development in China. The phenomena of “subsidy deception” and “PV power curtailment and brownout” indicate the policies have encountered problems in implementation. A large gap between subsidies and renewable funds has compelled the Chinese government to gradually withdraw subsidy policy. As such, investors are focusing on assessing China’s future policies for PV application. To determine the reasons for the implementation problems and to seek solutions, this study summarized existing PV power application policies and established a two-dimensional framework to analyze these policies, using a content analysis. We found the government relies too much on the state’s macroeconomic control, and does not fully play the role of “invisible hand” in PV power applications. Supply-type and environment-type policies are widely used, making up almost 80% of the total. To fully enable the market’s role, it is necessary to reinforce demand-type policies and improve green certification transactions. These are forms of incentive policies instead of subsidies.
关键词： Content analysis,Photovoltaic power,Policy instrument,Project lifecycle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Multiplexed determination of intracellular messenger RNA by using a graphene oxide nanoprobe modified with target-recognizing fluorescent oligonucleotides
摘要： A multiplexed graphene oxide (GO) fluorescent nanoprobe is described for quantification and imaging of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in living cells. The recognizing oligonucleotides (with sequences complementary to those of target the fluorescence of the recognizing mRNAs) were labeled with different fluorescent dyes. If adsorbed on GO, oligonucleotides is quenched. After having penetrated living cells, the oligonucleotides bind to target mRNAs and dissociate from GO. This leads to the recovery of fluorescence. Using different fluorescent dyes, various intracellular mRNAs can be simultaneously imaged and quantified by a high content analysis within a short period of time. Actin mRNA acts as the internal control. This GO-based nanoprobe allows mRNA mimics to be determined within an analytical range from 1 to 400 nM and a detection limit as low as 0.26 nM. Up to 3 intracellular mRNAs (C-myc, TK1, and actin) can be detected simultaneously in a single living cell. Hence, this nanoprobe enables specific distinction of intracellular mRNA expression levels in cancerous and normal cells. It can be potentially applied as a tool for detection of cancer progression and diagnosis.
关键词： Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET),Cancer biomarker,Actin mRNA,Fluorometric detection,High content analysis,Cancer diagnosis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36