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Biocompatible Chitosan-Carbon Nanocage Hybrids for Sustained Drug Release and Highly Efficient Laser and Microwave Co-irradiation Induced Cancer Therapy
摘要： Graphitic carbon nanocages (GCNCs) are unique graphene-based nanomaterials that can be used for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). However, low toxicity GCNC-based organic/inorganic hybrid biomaterials for microwave irradiation assisted PTT have not yet been reported. In the present study, chitosan (CS)-coated GCNCs (CS-GCNCs) loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) were used for cancer therapy when activated by 808-nm laser and microwave co-irradiation. The cytotoxicity of GCNCs was significantly reduced after coating with CS. For example, fewer cell-cycle defects were caused by CS-GCNCs in comparison with non-coated GCNCs. The release rate of 5Fu from CS-GCNCs was significantly slower than that of 5Fu from GCNCs, providing sustained release. The release rate could be accelerated by 808-nm laser and microwave co-irradiation. The 5Fu in CS-GCNCs retained high cancer cell killing bioactivity by enhancing the caspase-3 expression level. The cancer cell killing and tumor inhibition efficiencies of the 5Fu-loaded nanomaterials increased significantly under 808-nm laser and microwave co-irradiation. The strong cell killing and tumor ablation activities were due to the synergy of the enhanced GCNC thermal effect caused by laser and microwave co-irradiation and the chemotherapy of 5Fu. Our research opens a door for the development of drug-loaded GCNC-based nano-biomaterials for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy with the assistance of microwave irradiation.
关键词： sustained drug release,cancer therapy,low cytotoxicity,Graphitic carbon nanocages,laser microwave co-irradiation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Carbon Dots as Promising Green Photocatalyst for Free Radical and ATRP-Based Radical?Photopolymerization with Blue LEDs
摘要： This contribution reports for the first time about the use of carbon dots (CDs) as sensitizer to initiate and activate free radical and controlled radical polymerization based on an ATRP protocol with blue LEDs, respectively. Consideration of diverse heteroatom-doped CDs indicated well-functioning of N-doped CDs as effective photocatalyst and photosensitizer in combination with LEDs emitting either at 405 nm or 470 nm. Initiation of free radical polymerization occurred by combining the CDs with an iodonium or sulfonium salt in tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by photo-induced ATRP was achieved with CDs and ethyl a-bromophenylacetate using Cu(II) as catalyst in the ppm range. The polymers obtained showed temporal control, narrower dispersity ?1.5, and chain-end fidelity. The first order obtained from kinetic slope and ON/OFF experiments additionally approved constant concentration of polymer radicals. No remarkable cytotoxic activity was observed of the CDs underlining their biocompatibility.
关键词： blue LED,free radical photopolymerization,photo-ATRP,cytotoxicity,Carbon dot
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Carbon Dots as Promising Green Photocatalyst for Free Radical and ATRP‐Based Radical?Photopolymerization with Blue LEDs
摘要： This contribution reports for the first time about the use of carbon dots (CDs) as sensitizer to initiate and activate free radical and controlled radical polymerization based on an ATRP protocol with blue LEDs, respectively. Consideration of diverse heteroatom-doped CDs indicated well-functioning of N-doped CDs as effective photocatalyst and photosensitizer in combination with LEDs emitting either at 405 nm or 470 nm. Initiation of free radical polymerization occurred by combining the CDs with an iodonium or sulfonium salt in tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by photo-induced ATRP was achieved with CDs and ethyl a-bromophenylacetate using Cu(II) as catalyst in the ppm range. The polymers obtained showed temporal control, narrower dispersity ?1.5, and chain-end fidelity. The first order obtained from kinetic slope and ON/OFF experiments additionally approved constant concentration of polymer radicals. No remarkable cytotoxic activity was observed of the CDs underlining their biocompatibility.
关键词： blue LED,free radical photopolymerization,photo-ATRP,cytotoxicity,Carbon dot
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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<p>Photoluminescent And Self-Assembled Hyaluronic Acid-Zinc Oxide-Ginsenoside Rh2 Nanoparticles And Their Potential Caspase-9 Apoptotic Mechanism Towards Cancer Cell Lines</p>
摘要： Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in modern cancer therapy based on their specific target, efficacy, low toxicity and biocompatibility. The photocatalytic performance of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites with hyaluronic acid (HA) was used to study anticancer properties against various human cancer cell lines. Methods: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites functionalized by hyaluronic acid (HA) were prepared by a co-precipitation method (HA-ZnONcs). The submicron-flower-shaped nanocomposites were further functionalized with ginsenoside Rh2 by a cleavable ester bond via carbodiimide chemistry to form Rh2HAZnO. The physicochemical behaviors of the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. We carried out 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of Rh2HAZnO in various human cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, and HT29). Furthermore, to confirm the apoptotic effects of Rh2HAZnO and to determine the role of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathways by various molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes of these cell lines, mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed by ROS staining and nucleus by Hoechst staining. Results: We confirmed that Rh2HAZnO exhibits the anti-cancer effects on A549 lung cancer, HT29 colon cancer, and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in three cancer cell lines. Rh2HAZnO induced apoptotic process through p53-mediated pathway by upregulating p53 and BAX and downregulating BCL2. Specifically, Rh2HAZnO induced activation of cleaved PARP (Asp214) in A549 lung cancer cells and upregulated Caspase-9/phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in other cell lines (HT29 and MCF-7). Furthermore, Rh2HAZnO induced morphological changes in the nucleus of these cell lines. Conclusion: These results suggest that the potential anticancer activity of novel Rh2HAZnO nanoparticles might be linked to induction of apoptosis through the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-9/p38 MAPK pathway.
关键词： anticancer activity,ginsenoside Rh2,zinc oxide nanocomposites,drug delivery,cytotoxicity,Dendropanax morbifera Léveille
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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ZnO nanocrystals shuttled by extracellular vesicles as effective Trojan nano-horses against cancer cells
摘要： The effective application of nanoparticles in cancer theranostics is jeopardized by their aggregation in biological media, rapid degradation and clearance. The design of biomimetic nanoconstructs with enhanced colloidal stability and non-immunogenicity is therefore essential. We propose naturally stable cell-derived extracellular vesicles to encapsulate zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals as efficacious nanodrugs, to obtain highly biomimetic and stable Trojan nano-horses (TNHs). Materials & methods: Coupling efficiency, biostability, cellular cytotoxicity and internalization were tested. Results: In vitro studies showed a high internalization of TNHs into cancer cells and efficient cytotoxic activity thanks to ZnO intracellular release. Conclusion: TNHs represent an efficient biomimetic platform for future nanotheranostic applications, with biomimetic extracellular vesicle-lipid envelope, facilitated ZnO cellular uptake and potential therapeutic implications.
关键词： biomimetics,extracellular vesicles,colloidal stability,cytotoxicity,nanocrystals,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Influence of size and surface capping on photoluminescence and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles
摘要： Hydrophilic and homogeneous sub-10 nm blue light-emitting gold nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with different capping agents have been prepared by simple chemical routes. Structure, average, size, and surface characteristics of these NPs have been widely studied, and the stability of colloidal NP solutions at different pH values has been evaluated. Au NPs show blue PL emission, particularly in the GSH capped NPs, in which the thiol-metal core transference transitions considerably enhance the fluorescent emission. The influence of capping agent and NP size on cytotoxicity and on the fluorescent emission are analyzed and discussed in order to obtain Au NPs with suitable features for biomedical applications. Cytotoxicity of different types of gold NPs has been determined using NPs at high concentrations in both tumor cell lines and primary cells. All NPs used show high biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity even at high concentration, while Au-GSH NPs decrease viability and proliferation of both a tumor cell line and primary lymphocytes.
关键词： Semiconfocal microscopy,Photoluminescence,Capping,Cell viability,GSH,Gold nanoparticles,Agent,Proliferation,Cytotoxicity
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Cytotoxicity and Intracellular Uptake of Fluorescent BSA-AuNCs from Human Monocyte-Derived Immature Dendritic Cells
摘要： Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most effective antigen presenting cells (APCs), activating na?ve T and B lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immune responses. The engineering of nano-spheres, emulsions or tubules, holds a key for the development of new immunomodulatory agents to either effectively modulate or deliver immunologically active components to target sites. Bovine Serum Albumin capped gold nanoclusters (BSA-AuNCs) are one of the most promising protein based nanoclusters because of their biological compatibility, ultrafine size, large stokes shift, and photoluminescence characteristics. AuNCs stabilized by BSA have recently been investigated for their use as drug carriers and tracking agents for bioimaging and biolabeling. BSA-AuNCs can be delivered to cells with target specificity for therapeutic applications both in vitro and in vivo because of their salient features including biodistribution, targeted binding, high clearance, less toxicity, and well suitability biologically. The present study demonstrated the less cytotoxic response of stable and highly fluorescent BSA-AuNCs in immature dendritic cells and its efficient in vitro labeling with BSA-AuNCs. In this work, we have developed protocols allowing an effective internalization of human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells with red fluorescent BSA-AuNCs that are less toxic. Results infer that the high uptake efficiency of BSA coated AuNCs is related to their small size and to the nature of the ligand.
关键词： BSA-AuNCs,Cytotoxicity,Immature Dendritic Cells
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Biological interactions of biocompatible and water-dispersed MoS2 nanosheets with bacteria and human cells
摘要： Two dimensional materials beyond graphene such as MoS2 and WS2 are novel and interesting class of materials whose unique physico-chemical properties can be exploited in applications ranging from leading edge nanoelectronics to the frontiers between biomedicine and biotechnology. To unravel the potential of TMD crystals in biomedicine, control over their production through green and scalable routes in biocompatible solvents is critically important. Furthermore, considering multiple applications of eco-friendly 2D dispersions and their potential impact onto live matter, their toxicity and antimicrobial activity still remain an open issue. Herein, we focus on the current demands of 2D TMDs and produce high-quality, few-layered and defect-free MoS2 nanosheets, exfoliated and dispersed in pure water, stabilized up to three weeks. Hence, we studied the impact of this material on human cells by investigating its interactions with three cell lines: two tumoral, MCF7 (breast cancer) and U937 (leukemia), and one normal, HaCaT (epithelium). We observed novel and intriguing results, exhibiting evident cytotoxic effect induced in the tumor cell lines, absent in the normal cells in the tested conditions. The antibacterial action of MoS2 nanosheets is then investigated against a very dangerous gram negative bacterium, such as two types of Salmonellas: ATCC 14028 and wild-type Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, concentration and layer-dependent modulation of cytotoxic effect is found both on human cells and Salmonellas.
关键词： antibacterial activity,biocompatibility,MoS2 nanosheets,two-dimensional materials,cytotoxicity
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Gamma ray enhanced Vis-NIR photoluminescence and cytotoxicity of biocompatible silica coated Nd3+ doped GdPO4 nanophosphors
摘要： Near infrared (NIR) emitting nanophosphors have a great potential for biomedical applications. Core nanoparticles of Nd3+ doped GdPO4@SiO2 with 3–6 nm sized spheres have been synthesized by solution combustion synthesis. The structure, morphology and luminescence properties of as synthesized nanophosphors have been examined by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Photoluminescence spectra (PL). Upon photoexcitation at 532 nm, GdPO4:Nd3+@SiO2 emits red luminescence at 681 nm and NIR luminescence at 797 nm corresponding to 4F9/2 → 4I9/2 and 4F5/2 → 4I9/2 transitions, respectively. The luminescence intensity of nanophosphor had enhanced 2 folds on increasing the Nd3+ content from 1% to 5%. The luminescence intensity of these nanophosphors had further enhanced 2–3 folds and 8–10 folds after exposed to 150 kGy and 300 kGy of gamma radiation, respectively. In addition, this nanophosphor also exhibits high cytotoxicity against cell lines of PC-3 (Prostate cancer cells) and MCF-7 (Breast cancer cells).
关键词： Cytotoxicity,Gamma radiation,SiO2,Photoluminescence,Nanophosphors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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UV?C irradiation as an alternative treatment technique: Study of its effect on microbial inactivation, cytotoxicity, and sensory properties in cranberry-flavored water
摘要： The impact of UV-C irradiation at 254 nm on microbial inactivation, cytotoxicity, and sensory properties of cranberry-flavored water (CFW) was studied using a continuous flow-through system. Two different bacterial outbreak strains Escherichia coli ATCC 700728 and Salmonella enterica serovar Muenchen ATCC BAA 1764 were inactivated by more than 5 log10 at an UV-C fluence of 12 mJ?cm-2 and 16 mJ?cm-2 from an initial concentration of approximately 8 log CFU?mL-1 with D values of 2.11 and 3.14 mJ?cm-2, respectively. Cytotoxicity evaluation of CFW in human endothelial cells (EA.hy926) demonstrated no toxic effects up to a maximum delivered UV-C fluence of 120 mJ?cm-2. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was performed to evaluate the sensory attributes of UV-C irradiated CFW at two (30 and 120 mJ?cm-2) UV-C fluence levels. Our results suggested that UV-C irradiated CFW had no significant difference (p > 0.05) in sensory attributes up to a fluence of 30 mJ?cm-2 which is below the FDA-recommended UV-C fluence (40 mJ?cm-2) for the inactivation of E. coli and Salmonella. Overall, this research suggests that UV-C treatment of CFW can achieve effective microbial inactivation, without the generation of cytotoxic effects, and also can retain its sensory attributes. These results demonstrated that UV-C irradiation can be an alternative treatment technique in processing of beverages while maintaining food safety and quality.
关键词： Microbial inactivation,Cytotoxicity,UV-C irradiation,Cranberry-flavored water,Continuous flow-through system,Fluence,Sensory evaluation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46