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Nanogold-core Multifunctional Dendrimer for Pulsatile Chemo-, Photothermal- and Photodynamic- Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
摘要： This investigation reports a novel nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer for pulsatile chemo-, photothermal- and photodynamic- therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Architecturally, the nanocomposites comprised of a nanoGold (Au) at the focal whose surface is functionalized by hydroxy-terminated thiolated-dendrons following Au-thiol bond formation to produce nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer (Au-DEN). The surface hydroxyl groups of Au-DEN were then conjugated with methotrexate (MTX; a disease-modifying first line anti-rheumatic drug; DMARD; 74.29±0.48 % loading) to form Au-DEN-MTX-NPs (Particle size: 100.15±28.36 nm; poly dispersibility index, PDI: 0.39±0.02; surface zeta potential, ζ: -22.45±1.06 mV). MTX was strategically selected to serve as an anti-rheumatic DMARD as well as a targeting ligand to attain selective localization of the formulation in arthritic tissue via folate receptors upregulated on arthritic tissues. The docking study was performed to confirm the viable binding efficiency of MTX towards β-folate receptors that are overexpressed on arthritic tissues taking folic acid as a reference standard. The IR780, a NIR active bioactive was also loaded in Au-DEN-MTX NPs to offer photothermal benefit upon irradiation with NIR laser (wavelength: 808 nm). The hypothesis was tested by elucidation of in vitro drug release profile, photothermal activity, cellular uptake (Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy; CLSM), cell viability assay (MTT protocol) and Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the hemolytic toxicity and stability studies were also investigated to determine the blood compatibility as well as ideal storage condition of NPs. The outcome of this investigations presents developed multifunctional targeted NPs to be potential therapeutics for the improved treatment of RA. The approach can also be applied to other clinical interventions involving countering inflammatory conditions.
关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis,NanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer,Methotrexate,Photothermal,Near-infrared,Dendron
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Dendritic PAMAM polymers for strong perovskite intergranular interaction enhancing power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells
摘要： The modification of perovskite intergranular perovskite/perovskite interface plays a critical role for power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are utilized as the dendritic crystallization framework templating the perovskite-crystallizing process. The interactions at the perovskite intergranular interface are considerably strengthened at an ambient environment with dendritic PAMAMs crosslinking the perovskite grains. Consequently, the perovskite morphology is remarkably improved by suppressing the grain/grain-aggregate boundaries for the pinhole removal, which produces a compact, uniform and non-pinhole perovskite film. Finally, the strengthened interfacial interactions dramatically enhance the PCE value of unencapsulated PSCs about 42.6% at an ambient condition. Besides, the unencapsulated PAMAM-modified device can keep 73% of initial PCE value in 400 h while the control device decays to 5% of initial PCE value in 50 h. These results reveal that dendritic polymers might remarkably improve the PCE value and the stability of PSCs. This work provides a new molecular design guideline to effectively regulate the perovskite intergranular interfacial interactions.
关键词： Grain boundary,Interfacial interaction,Intergranular interface,Dendrimer,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-11-14 15:27:09
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Indium tin oxide modified with dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles as efficient p-aminophenol redox cycling platforms
摘要： In this work, we studied indium tin oxides (ITOs) modified with dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles (Pt DENs) to develop efficient p-aminophenol (p-AP) redox cycling platforms. The ITO surfaces were modified via electro-oxidative grafting of the terminal amine groups of the dendrimers encapsulating catalytic Pt nanoparticles (i.e., Pt DENs). Compared to conventional ITO surfaces, the Pt DEN-modified ITOs showed highly enhanced electrochemical oxidation current of p-AP even at low potentials with no significant background oxidation current due to the catalytic activity of Pt nanoparticles, leading to high signal-to-background ratio for sensitive p-AP redox cycling. The enhanced p-AP redox cycling on the Pt DEN-modified ITOs led to ～17.8 times higher sensitivity of the p-AP redox cycling than that obtained with conventional ITOs. In addition, the Pt DEN-modified ITOs were found to be suitable as platforms for the immobilization of oligonucleotides due to the globular structure of dendrimers, which have a high surface-to-volume ratio and multiple terminal functional groups, grafted on ITO surfaces. The DEN-modified ITOs could be further functionalized by the immobilization of single-strand DNA oligonucleotides with high surface density (i.e., (2.2 ± 0.4) × 1012 molecules/cm2), which is ～4.4-fold higher than that on the surface of conventional ITOs.
关键词： Indium tin oxide (ITO),Amine-terminated dendrimer,p-aminophenol (p-AP) redox cycling,Dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticle (DEN)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Peripherally functionalized based dendrimers as the template for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and investigation the affecting factors on their properties
摘要： Today, dendrimers (D) were introduced as a versatile template for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is successfully synthesized through the chemical reduction of AgNO3 using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. Synthesis of AgNPs was performed in the presence of different generations of citric acid-based dendrimers (G1, G2 and G3) and hydroxyl-terminated citric acid-based dendrimers (G1-OH, G2-OH and G3-OH). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize the synthesized AgNPs. UV–Vis results were used for the qualitative study of the synthesized AgNPs properties. With varying the molar ratio of dendrimer/Ag+, generations of dendrimers and the pH of the solution, the size and size distribution of AgNPs could be easily controlled at room temperature. The average diameter of the synthesized AgNPs in the presence of Gn-OH was in the range of 8–20 nm. Results show that G1-OH alkaline medium with 1:1 molar ratio of D/Ag is the optimum condition for the synthesis of AgNPs. All the obtained results from this study showed that controlling the medium conditions allows AgNPs with the desired size to be obtained.
关键词： Chemical reduction,Silver nanoparticles,Citric acid,Hydroxyl-terminated dendrimer,Dendrimer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Sensitive Detection of Dengue Virus Type 2 E-Proteins Signals Using Self-Assembled Monolayers/Reduced Graphene Oxide-PAMAM Dendrimer Thin Film-SPR Optical Sensor
摘要： In this work, sensitive detection of dengue virus type 2 E-proteins (DENV-2 E-proteins) was performed in the range of 0.08 pM to 0.5 pM. The successful DENV detection at very low concentration is a matter of concern for targeting the early detection after the onset of dengue symptoms. Here, we developed a SPR sensor based on self-assembled monolayer/reduced graphene oxide-polyamidoamine dendrimer (SAM/NH2rGO/PAMAM) thin film to detect DENV-2 E-proteins. Surface characterizations involving X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the incorporation of NH2rGO-PAMAM nanoparticles in the prepared sensor films. The specificity, sensitivity, binding affinity, and selectivity of the SPR sensor were then evaluated. Results indicated that the variation of the sensing layer due to different spin speed, time incubation, and concentration provided a better interaction between the analyte and sensing layer. The linear dependence of the SPR sensor showed good linearity (R2 = 0.92) with the lowest detection of 0.08 pM DENV-2 E-proteins. By using the Langmuir model, the equilibrium association constant was obtained at very high value of 6.6844 TM?1 (R2 = 0.99). High selectivity of the SPR sensor towards DENV-2 E-proteins was achieved in the presence of other competitors.
关键词： optical sensor,E-proteins,SPR sensor,PAMAM dendrimer,reduced graphene oxide,dengue virus,self-assembled monolayer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Facile Synthesis of Noncytotoxic PEGylated Dendrimer Encapsulated Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots for NIR-II Biological Imaging
摘要： Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) bioimaging features high penetration depth and high spatio-temporal resolution compared to traditional fluorescence imaging, but the key is to develop stable and biocompatible NIR-II fluorophores suitable for in vivo applications. Silver sulfide quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) have been demonstrated excellent for in vivo NIR-II imaging with unique optical properties and decent biocompatibility, but they often require complex post modifications for in vivo applications. Herein we demonstrate a facile one-pot strategy to synthesize the PEGylated dendrimer-encapsulated Ag2S QDs useful for in vivo NIR-II imaging. Silver ions were first loaded into the core of acylthiourea-functionalized dendrimer (PEG-PATU) through the coordination between silver ions and acylthiourea groups, followed by the addition of sodium sulfide to form Ag2S QDs in situ. The resulting PEG-PATU Ag2S QDs hold excellent NIR-II fluorescence signal, and thus could be executed for high efficiency labelling and tracking of A549 cancer cells mobility in vivo and real time visualization of vast circulatory network of a mouse.
关键词： in vivo imaging,PEGylated dendrimer,one-pot synthesis,Ag2S QDs,NIR-II bioimaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hole-Transporting Poly(dendrimer)s as Electron Donors for Low Donor Organic Solar Cells with Efficient Charge Transport
摘要： Recent work on bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells has shown that photoexcitation of the electron acceptor followed by photoinduced hole transfer can play a significant role in photocurrent generation. To establish a clear understanding of the role of the donor in the photoinduced hole transfer process, we have synthesized a series of triphenylamine-based hole-transporting poly(dendrimer)s with mechanically flexible nonconjugated backbones via ring-opening metathesis polymerization and used them in low donor content solar cells. The poly(dendrimer)s were found to retain the hole transporting properties of the parent dendrimer, with hole mobilities of ～10?3 cm2/(V s) for solution processed neat films. However, when blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM), the best performing poly(dendrimer) was found to form films that had balanced and relatively high hole/electron mobilities of ～5 × 10?4 cm2/(V s). In contrast, at the same concentration the parent dendrimer:PC70BM blend was found to have a hole mobility of 4 orders of magnitude less than the electron mobility. The balanced hole and electron mobilities for the 6 wt % poly(dendrimer):PC70BM blend led to an absence of second-order bimolecular recombination losses at the maximum power point and resulted in a fill factor of 0.65 and a PCE 2.1% for the devices, which was almost three times higher than the cells composed of the parent dendrimer:PC70BM blends.
关键词： photoinduced hole transfer,charge transport,organic solar cells,hole-transporting poly(dendrimer)s,low donor content
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A carboxyl-terminated dendrimer enables osteolytic lesion targeting and photothermal ablation of malignant bone tumors
摘要： Malignant bone tumor accompanied with tumor-associated osteolysis remains a challenging task in clinical practice. Nanomedicines engineered with bone-targeting ligands such as alendronate and pamidronate were developed for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to bone tumors. However, these targeting strategies usually show relative poor selectivity towards the healthy skeletons and the osteolytic lesions due to the high binding affinity of bisphosphonates with all the bone tissues. Here, we reported a carboxyl-terminated dendrimer as the candidate to preferentially deliver therapeutic nanoparticles to the osteolytic lesions in a malignant bone tumor model. The high density of carboxyl groups on dendrimer surface endow the polymer with natural bone-binding capability. The dendrimer encapsulated with platinum nanoparticle predominantly accumulates at the osteolytic lesions around bone tumors rather than at healthy bone tissues in vivo. The therapeutic experiments reveal that the dendrimer-mediated photothermal therapy efficiently suppresses bone tumors and osteolysis, and the anionic polymer exhibits minimal cytotoxicity and hematologic toxicity. The results suggest that the carboxyl-terminated dendrimer is a promising candidate for selective delivery of therapeutics to the osteolytic lesions and photothermal treatment of malignant bone tumors.
关键词： photothermal therapy,bone targeting,osteolysis,dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles,carboxyl-terminated dendrimer
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Selective recognition of salicylic acid employing new fluorescent imprinted membrane functionalized with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)-encapsulated Eu(TTA)3phen
摘要： Selective fluorescent molecularly imprinted membrane (FMIM) for salicylic acid (SA) was successfully prepared by phase inversion technique with SA as template molecule, chitosan (CHI) as functional polymer, and Eu(TTA)3phen/PAMAM composed of Eu(TTA)3phen and the dendrimer (PAMAM) as the fluorophore, which was characterized by SEM, AFM, and XPS techniques. The introduction of the hydrophilic Eu(TTA)3phen/PAMAM into FMIM was able to improve the flux and the adsorption capacity of SA with good fluorescent stability. Among the FMIM, the FMIM2 prepared with 2.0% Eu(TTA)3phen/PAMAM in the cast membrane fluid was the optimal fluorescent imprinted membrane for selective detection of SA, which displayed a relatively wider linear range and lower limit of detection (LOD) (24 mg L-1). The imprinted FMIM2 could selectively detect the SA from complicated samples without obvious interference from analogues compared to the non-imprinted FNIM2. Moreover, the FMIM had promising recycling performance. It can be potentially used as an alternative imprinted membrane for selective detection and separation of trace SA in water.
关键词： Salicylic acid,Selective detection and separation,Europium,Dendrimer,Fluorescent molecularly imprinted membrane
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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<i>In My Element</i> : Selenium
摘要： Selenium-rich foods are very popular in southern China, such as Se-rich oranges, tea, rice and mushrooms. As southern China has Se-rich soils, Se can be bioconcentrated by orange and tea trees or by rice and mushrooms growing in these soils. It holds true with many other plants grown in these Se-rich soils, and their fruits are believed to be Se-rich too. Eating Se-rich food every day is considered beneficial to our health because of its antioxidant effect.
关键词： redox-responsive,diselenide,dynamic covalent bonds,drug delivery,micronutrient,Selenium,Keshan disease,dendrimer,antioxidant,glutathione peroxidase
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14