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Electrical and Photoelectrical Characteristics of с-Si/Porous–Si/CdS Heterojunctions
摘要： Depending on the sizes of the CdS crystallites and silicon pores, electrical and photoelectrical characteristics of c-Si/porous–Si/CdS heterojunctions prepared by electrochemical deposition and anodization, respectively, are studied. The optimal pore size (10–16 nm) is determined, which provides the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency (7.71%) of heterojunctions.
关键词： porous silicon,heterojunction,anodization,electrochemical deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Fabrication of the infrared variable emissivity electrochromic film based on polyaniline conducting polymer
摘要： In this study, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyaniline (PANI) films have been prepared on the surface of an Au/nylon 66 porous flexible substrate by electrochemical deposition. The feature of the research was that utilize an Au layer deposited onto a porous flexible substrate to deposite CSA-doped PANI film for modulation infrared emissivity at first time. The morphology of Au/nylon 66 flexible substrate and PANI films and the electrochromic properties of CSA-doped PANI film were investigated in detail to obtain a PANI film that possesses highly infrared modulation ability. The emissivity variation Δε was achieved as of 0.225, 0.399, and 0.426 in the wavelength ranges of 3–5, 8–12, and 2.5–25 μm, respectively. The switching times of the CSA doped-PANI film for the coloration and bleaching are 6 s and 2.5 s, respectively. The IR electrochromic film investigated in this work may find an application in IR devices for IR camouflage and thermal control.
关键词： Polyaniline,Electrochemical deposition,Infrared variable emissivity,Flexible electrochromic film
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Influence of Electrochemical Deposition Parameters on Morphological Properties of ZnO on Si (100)
摘要： In this study, ZnO layer was deposited on Si (100) by electrochemical deposition (ECD) technique. Mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) at different volume ratio was used as the electrolyte. The current density was fixed at 10 mA/cm2 with deposition time of 50 and 30 minutes. The effect of substrate treatment has also been observed to improve the adhesion of the deposited layer. The morphology of the ZnO layer was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) module. Four types of ZnO structure had been obtained; needle, flake, coral and pillar-like structures at different deposition conditions. These structures were obtained by changing several parameters such as substrate doping and chloride medium of electrolyte. It was found that the flake-size become smaller as the amount of Chloride ion (Cl-) in electrolyte increased. In addition, substrate type also found to affect the deposition process. As indicated by the EDX spectra, the ZnO is managed to fully cover the target area of deposition for the n-type Si substrate but a bit poor on p-type Si substrate. The targeted EDX ratio of Zn:O is 1:1, which indicates balance stoichiometry of ZnO. However, the best EDX ratio of Zn:O found in this study was only 1.4:1 which was achieved from deposition on p-type Si substrate with no post-annealing applied. The thickness of deposited ZnO was found to decrease with decreasing deposition time. The average thickness was more than 150 μm for 50 minute deposition while 30 minutes deposition yielded thickness less than 100 μm. It is clearly shown that parameters such as time, electrolyte volume ratio and substrate doping have influence on the morphology and thickness of the deposited ZnO on Si (100) by ECD process.
关键词： morphology,electrochemical deposition,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech) - Saint Petersburg, Russia (2018.10.22-2018.10.23)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (EExPolytech) - Porous Silicon as a Material for Nanocomposites and the Effect of its Parameters on the Morphology of Silver Clusters
摘要： On the example of the por-Si/Ag composites it is demonstrated the ability to control the morphology of the guest material (Ag) by changing the parameters of the porous media (por-Si). Two groups of key parameters of porous materials important for creating composites based on them are discussed. Porous silicon was obtained by electrochemical anodic etching. The introducing Ag into the pores was performed by the cathodic electrochemical deposition. It is observed the increasing the anodizing time is leads to the noticeably changes of wetting angle of por-Si, and, in turn, significantly affects the morphology of Ag clusters. The growth mechanisms of Ag clusters on the por-Si surface and the fields of its potential application are discussed.
关键词： porous texture,surface properties,porous silicon composites,por-Si/Ag composites,electrochemical deposition,surface functionality,silver clusters
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dependance of Poly(acrylic acid) Interfacial Adhesion on the Nanostructure of Electrodeposited ZnO Films
摘要： Understanding the impact of the intricate morphology and surface chemistry of ZnO nanorod arrays on their interactions with polyelectrolyte polymers is crucial for the development of nascent ZnO-based adhesion-promoting materials. AFM based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) was applied for the analysis of the adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on zinc oxide (ZnO) film covered stainless steel substrates in aqueous electrolytes at pH 7. Based on the electrodeposition process, the morphology of zinc oxide films could be varied ranging from platelet-like crystals to nanorods. This approach allowed for the morphology dependent analysis of macromolecular adsorption processes on complex ZnO nanostructures which have diverse applications in the field of adhesion-promoting thin films. The surface chemical composition, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, could be correlated to the AFM-based desorption studies. Only equilibrium desorption events (plateaus), centered at 42 pN, were observed on mirror polished, preconditioned stainless steel. However, for platelet-like ZnO films, the poly(acrylic acid) desorption showed a mixture of rupture events (mean rupture forces of about 350 pN) and equilibrium desorption, while ZnO nanorod structures showed solely rupture events with mean rupture forces of about 1300 pN. These results indicate that simultaneous multiple ruptures of carboxylate-zinc bonds occur due to the macromolecular coordination of poly(acrylic acid) to the ZnO nanorods. The analysis of the interfacial adhesion processes is further supported by the dwell time dependence of desorption processes.
关键词： poly(acrylic acid),Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS),worm like chain (WLC) model,stainless steel,zinc oxide (ZnO),electrochemical deposition,molecular adhesion,adsorption free energy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Effect of Cu <sub/>2</sub> O Content in Electrodeposited CuOx Film on Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： It is well known that the di?erent proportions of CuO and Cu2O in CuOx hole transfer materials have a great in°uence on the hole transport property as well as the device performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we changed the content of Cu2O in the ˉlm by controlling the deposition voltage during electrodeposition, and the e?ects of di?erent contents of Cu2O in the ˉlms on the device were investigated for the ˉrst time. It was found that the content of Cu2O in the ˉlm reached the highest point with the deposition voltage 0.5 V, such ˉlms have the highest transmittance and carrier mobility. After assembling the device, the power conversion e±ciency (PCE) of the champion device reached 13.48% under a one-sun AM 1.5 G (100 mW/ cm 2T illumination. Furthermore, the unpackaged device based on CuOx still retained over 75% PCE after being placed in the ambient condition (30–40% humidity, 20–30 (cid:1)CT for 500 h.
关键词： Electrochemical deposition,CuOx,hole transport materials.,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Electrochemical Studies on CaP Electrodeposition on Three Dimensional Surfaces of Selective Laser Melted Titanium Scaffold
摘要： In this work, calcium phosphate (CaP) coating was electrodeposited on the three dimensional surface of SLM-Ti sca?olds. The in situ measurement showed that the potential variation within 5 mm thickness porous selective laser melting (SLM)-Ti samples was about 80 mV as a result of the low conductivity of CaP coatings. SEM observation results revealed that the coating morphology depended on the distance between the surface position of porous SLM-Ti electrode and the auxiliary electrode. Based on the compared electrochemical experiments, it was found that the top and the bottom surfaces of SLM-Ti sca?olds exhibited continuous nucleation and instantaneous nucleation behavior respectively. The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results also revealed that the electrodeposition processes at di?erent depth of SLM-Ti sca?olds were not synchronized. These di?erences were ultimately caused by the non-uniform distribution of the potential and the current inside porous SLM-Ti electrodes. The present work provides a basic research method for studying the mechanism of the electrochemical process on three dimensional surfaces of SLM-Ti sca?olds.
关键词： porous titanium,selective laser melting,electrochemical deposition,CaP coating
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM) - Genting Highland, Pahang, Malaysia (2019.8.21-2019.8.23)] 2019 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM) - CZTS Growth for Solar Cell Application by Electrochemical Deposition: pH Effect
摘要： Electrochemical deposition method has been widely used due to its advantages in stoichiometry control, large area growth, easy to form nano-structures, being low coast, possible formation of homogeneous thin films. In this study, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited on ITO substrates by using single step electrodeposition method. CZTS absorber layers have been tried to be obtained at four different pH values of 4.70, 5.10, 5.70 and 6.23. Trisodium citrate was used as a complexing agent for co-electrodeposition. CZTS thin films were annealed for recrystallization in stoichiometric kesterite structure after deposition at 580 °C in sulfur powder and N2 atmosphere for 60 min. The structural, morphological and optical properties of CZTS thin films have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Diffraction peaks observed at 28.53°, 37.02°, 47.33°, 56.17°, 69.23° and 76.44° correspond to diffraction of (112), (202), (220), (312), (008) and (332) planes of CZTS films deposited in solution with pH 5.7, respectively. Thin films grown at other pH values, there are peaks observed from the secondary phases. CZTS films grown at pH: 5.7 has shown three Raman modes with a strong peak at 326 cm-1 and two weak peaks at 284 cm-1 and 367 cm-1, which are not visible in other films. These peaks are due to the kesterite CZTS structure present in CZTS films and well compatible with CZTS Raman peaks.
关键词： XRD and Raman,electrochemical deposition,CZTS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES - Tamil Nadu, India (14–15 March 2019)] RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES - Preparation of p-type CuSCN thin film by electrochemical method for inverted planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： Here, we report the electrochemical deposition (ECD) of CuSCN thin film from aqueous solution at room temperature. Typically, a compact layer of CuSCN is deposited onto the indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated substrate. The synthesized CuSCN thin film was successfully used as a Hole Transport Marterial (HTM) in perovskite solar cells and the preliminary result reveals that the synthesized CuSCN is a promising hole transporting material for inverted planar perovskite solar cells. The structural, optical and morphological investigations of the synthesized CuSCN were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and I-V curve respectively.
关键词： hole transport material,electrochemical deposition,CuSCN,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite films fabricated via a two-stage electric-field-assisted reactive deposition method for solar cells application
摘要： Methylammonium bismuth iodide ((CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, MBI) is a promising alternative to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its air stability and low-toxicity. Herein, a two-stage electric-field-assisted reactive deposition method has been introduced to prepare MBI films for the first time. PSCs based on MBI films were fabricated and characterized. The influences of electric parameters (applied voltage mode, pulse and time, etc.) on the morphology and crystal structure of MBI film correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs have also been investigated systematically in detail. Through adjusting the voltage mode, crystal growth can be completely controlled, leading to a compact MBI film with large grain size. Moreover, the MBI film prepared by electrochemical deposition required no annealing. This work determined that the optimal performance of PSCs is based on the MBI film deposited by square-wave (AC) voltage mode (-7.3 V/+1 V, 5 Hz, 5 min). All devices exhibited long-term stability in ambient air (humidity of >50%) for more than 300 h. This study will inspire further research on the application of electrochemical deposition technic for other lead-free PSCs.
关键词： (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9,Square-wave (AC) voltage,Electrochemical deposition,Pulse-constant voltage,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22