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The low resistance and high sensitivity in stretchable electrode assembled by liquid-phase exfoliated graphene
摘要： Flexible electrodes have been extensively investigated to fulfill the development of highly advanced human interaction electronics. It’s still a challenge to develop the conductive film for the scalable device with low resistance under large deformation. In this work, we reported a stretchable conductive layer on elastomer substrates assembled by few-layer graphene, which was exfoliated in the low-boiling organic solvent with assistance of hyperbranched copolymer as stabilizer that was adsorbed on the nanosheets via CH-π non-covalent connections. The relative resistance change of graphene film is 117% as the mechanical strain reaches 35%, which retains high conductivity under tensile operation. The resistance of the graphene electrode is dependent on the overlapping of the nanosheets during the deformation, in which the slipping of nanosheets is due to the lubricant effect of the hyperbranched segments acting as dynamic CH-π interactions. This work highlights a general strategy of the stretchable conductive film for the flexible electronics, and sheds a light on the conduction mechanism for the graphene film during large deformation.
关键词： Stretchable,Graphene,Flexible electrode,Hyperbranched polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Iona??Selective Sensors Based on Lasera??Induced Graphene for Evaluating Human Hydration Levels Using Urine Samples
摘要： Complex graphene electrode fabrication protocols including conventional chemical vapor deposition and graphene transfer techniques as well as more recent solution-phase printing and postprint annealing methods have hindered the wide-scale implementation of electrochemical devices including solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Herein, a facile graphene ISE fabrication technique that utilizes laser induced graphene (LIG), formed by converting polyimide into graphene by a CO2 laser and functionalization with ammonium ion (NH4+) and potassium ion (K+) ion-selective membranes, is demonstrated. The electrochemical LIG ISEs exhibit a wide sensing range (0.1 × 10?3–150 × 10?3 m for NH4+ and 0.3 × 10?3–150 × 10?3 m for K+) with high stability (minimal drop in signal after 3 months of storage) across a wide pH range (3.5–9.0). The LIG ISEs are also able to monitor the concentrations of NH4+ and K+ in urine samples (29–51% and 17–61% increase for the younger and older patient; respectively, after dehydration induction), which correlate well with conventional hydration status measurements. Hence, these results demonstrate a facile method to perform in-field ion sensing and are the first steps in creating a protocol for quantifying hydration levels through urine testing in human subjects.
关键词： graphene,solid-contact ion-selective electrode (ISE),potentiometry,urinalysis,hydration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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First-principles study on XV2S4 (X = Ni, Cr, and Mo) counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Structural, electronic, and optical properties of ternary vanadium sulfides, XV2S4 (X = Ni, Cr, and Mo), are investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method. The structural parameters, band structures, density of states (DOS), absorption coefficient, and conductivity are reported to discuss the properties of XV2S4 (X = Ni, Cr, and Mo) as potential Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Generally, nickel vanadium sulfide (NiV2S4) is predicted to be a good candidate as a counter electrode compares with chromium vanadium sulfide (CrV2S4) and molybdenum vanadium sulfide (MoV2S4) due to its ability to provide high electron density around Fermi level and high conductivity.
关键词： Electronic properties,First-principles study,Counter electrode,Optical properties,Pt-free
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Suppressed Interdiffusion and Degradation in Flexible and Transparent Metal Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Graphene Interlayer
摘要： Metal-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are attractive candidates for application in indium tin oxide (ITO)-free solar cells due to their excellent electrical conductivity and cost effectiveness. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), metal-induced degradation with the perovskite layer leads to various detrimental effects, deteriorating the device performance and stability. Here, we introduce a novel flexible hybrid TCE consisting of a Cu grid-embedded polyimide film and a graphene capping layer, named GCEP, which exhibits excellent mechanical and chemical stability as well as desirable optoelectrical properties. We demonstrated the critical role of graphene as a protection layer to prevent metal-induced degradation and halide diffusion between the electrode and perovskite layer; the performance of the flexible PSCs fabricated with GCEP was comparable to that of their rigid ITO-based counterparts and also exhibited outstanding mechanical and chemical stability. This work provides an effective strategy to design mechanically and chemically robust ITO-free metal-assisted TCE platforms in PSCs.
关键词： metal-induced degradation,perovskite solar cell,Flexibility,graphene,transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle-regulated crystallization of lead halide perovskite and improved efficiency of carbon-electrode based, low temperature planar perovskite solar cells
摘要： SiO2 nanoparticles were used to regulate the crystallizing process of lead halide perovskite film that prepared by the sequential deposition method, which was used in the low temperature processed, carbon-electrode basing, hole-conductor-free planar perovskite solar cells. It was observed that, after adding small amount of SiO2 precursor (1% in volume ratio) into the lead iodide solution, performance parameters of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor were all upgraded, which helped to increase the power conversion efficiency (reverse scan) from 11.44(±1.83)% (optimized at 12.42%) to 14.01(±2.14)% (optimized at 15.28%, AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2). Transient photocurrent decay curve measurements showed that, after the incorporation of SiO2 nanoparticles, charge extraction was accelerated, while transient photovoltage decay and dark current curve tests both showed that recombination was retarded. The improvement is due to the improved crystallinity of the perovskite film. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy studies observed that, with incorporation of amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles, smaller crystallites were obtained in lead iodide films, while larger crystallites were achieved in the final perovskite film. This study implies that, amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles could regulate the coarsening process of the perovskite film, which provides an effective method in obtaining high quality perovskite film.
关键词： SiO2 (61.46.Hk),crystallization(81.10.-h),low temperature(84.60.Jt),perovskite solar cell(88.40.H-),lead iodide(61.82.Rx),carbon-electrode(88.40.HJ)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Carbon electrode engineering for high efficiency all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Carbon-based inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated an excellent performance in the field of photovoltaics owing to their simple fabrication techniques, low-cost and superior stability. Despite the lower efficiency of devices with a carbon electrode compared with the conventional structure, the potential applications in large scale have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we employ a mixed carbon electrode inorganic PSC by incorporating one-dimensional structure carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets into a commercial carbon paste. This mixed carbon electrode, which is different from the pure carbon electrode in showing a point-to-point contact, provides a network structure and multi-dimensional charge transfer path, which effectively increases the conductivity of the carbon electrode and carriers transport. A respectable power conversion efficiency of 7.09% is obtained through carbon/CNT/MXene mixed electrode in CsPbBr3-based solar cells.
关键词： inorganic perovskite solar cells,carbon nanotubes,carbon electrode,Ti3C2-MXene,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) - Berlin, Germany (2019.7.23-2019.7.27)] 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Electrode design on plastic substrates using laser patterned double-sided tape and gold leaf
摘要： The production of electrodes and sensors using plastic substrates has increased substantially for the last decades. Although devices are fabricated using plastic substrates suitable for the purpose of each device, it is difficult to find a process that can be used commonly for most types of plastics. In this paper, two kinds of electrode fabrication process that can be applied to most plastic films using kapton double sided tape and gold leaf are proposed. One is for the plastic film with adhesive and the other is for the film without adhesive. First, the kapton double-sided tape was patterned using a CO2 laser. After transfer double-sided tape to desired substrate, release paper was detached and gold leaf was attached on the exposed side of the tape. Then, the tape was appropriately removed according to the presence or absence of the adhesive. After that, the packaging was performed using an adhesive when the used film has adhesive, and otherwise, heat press was used for packaging. These processes have a variety of advantages such as inexpensive, fast-running and commonly applicable to many plastics. To prove its usability, impedance and minimum line width was measured.
关键词： electrode fabrication,CO2 laser,kapton double-sided tape,plastic substrates,minimum line width,impedance,gold leaf
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Influence of Electrode Configurations on the Interruption Capacity of Laser Triggered Vacuum Switch
摘要： The electrode configurations have an important effect on the interruption performances of laser triggered vacuum switch (LTVS), but few works pay attention to it so far. The objective of this article is to study the interruption capacity of LTVS with different electrode configurations. The 3-D simulation models of axial magnetic field (AMF) electrode and transverse magnetic field (TMF) electrode are built up, and the magnetic field distributions are calculated and compared. The test platform is set up based on a detachable vacuum chamber. The interruption capacity of LTVS with different electrode structures, electrode spacings, and polarity configurations is studied and analyzed. The test results prove that, compared to the AMF electrode, the interruption capacity of LTVS under the TMF electrode is obviously better, but it is more susceptible to the electrode spacing, and gradually decreases with the increase of electrode spacing. Influence of polarity configuration on the interruption capacity of LTVS is closely related to the target material. The LTVS with KCl + Ti under the positive polarity configuration shows better interruption capacity than negative polarity configuration. The works in this article provide references for the design of LTVS products.
关键词： target material,electrode configurations,laser triggered vacuum switch (LTVS),interruption capacity,Dielectric recovery
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optimization of laser-patterning process and module design for transparent amorphous silicon thin-film module using thin OMO back electrode
摘要： Transparent hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar modules are fabricated using oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) electrodes as the back electrode for building-integrated photovoltaic applications. The outer aluminum-doped zinc oxide and inner silver layers constitute a thin OMO electrode (~110 nm thick), exhibiting a sheet resistance of 6.8 Ω/□ and an average transmittance of ~88% in the visible range of 400–800 nm. The external quantum efficiency and average transmittance of the cell were investigated for the absorber-layer thickness using the finite-difference time-domain method, and it was found that the optical loss in the cell was mainly due to the absorption of the front electrode in the ultra-violet region and free-carrier absorption of the OMO in the infrared region. Fabrication issues are introduced for a 532 nm short-pulse high-power laser patterning process for transparent modules with thin OMO electrodes. Optimization of the laser power for the P2 and P3 laser processes is demonstrated by observing the profiles and measuring the shunt resistance of the laser-patterned edges. Furthermore, the cell width is optimized based on an equivalent circuit model using PSpice simulation. The highest module efficiency and average transparency achieved in the range of 500–800 nm were 5.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage per cell of the module were found to be 10.8 mA/cm2, 62.7%, and 0.830 V, respectively.
关键词： Laser patterning,Transparent amorphous silicon photovoltaic,Equivalent circuit,Building integrated photovoltaic,Cell geometry,Oxide-metal-oxide electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Fabrication of Ag nanoparticles adhered on RGO based on both electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
摘要： The electrode plays an important role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Preparation of the electrode should be simple and should result in high performance of its DSSC. We herein demonstrated high-performance and easily prepared Silver nanoparticles adhered on Reduced graphene oxide–Platinum composites (Ag–RGO/Pt) as counter electrodes (CEs) and TiO2 on RGO sheets with Ag (TiO2–RGO/Ag) as photoanode (PE) in DSSCs. The 1:2 Ag–RGO/Pt CE and 0.5% TiO2–RGO/Ag PE showed an overall highest power conversion efficiency of 9.15% under (1.5 AM) solar irradiation. The optimal weight ratio of Ag:RGO:Pt materials was also examined. Moreover, we showed that incorporation of Ag nanoparticles into the counter electrode successfully improved interfacial charge transfer resulting in high electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of triiodide to iodide redox, which in turn could enhance the performance of the DSSCs.
关键词： Counter electrode,Silver,Reduced graphene oxide,Dye-sensitized solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01