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- 2018
- Image processing
- Infrared camera
- Eye movement
- Non-contact switch
- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM International Conference - Tokyo, Japan (2018.11.25-2018.11.28)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces - ISS '18 - Cross-Ratio Based Gaze Estimation using Polarization Camera System
摘要： Eye-based interaction is one of the solutions for achieving intuitive interfaces on surfaces, such as large displays. Hence, various eye-tracking methods have been studied. Cross-ratio based gaze estimation, in which the point-of-gaze on a screen is determined, has been studied actively as a novel eye-tracking method because this method does not require hardware calibration for defining the relationship between the camera and monitor. We expect that the cross-ratio method will be a breakthrough for eye-based interaction on various surfaces, such as tabletop devices and digital whiteboards. In eye-tracking, near-infrared light is often emitted, and at least four LEDs are located at the corners of displays for detecting the screen plane in the cross-ratio based method. However, long-time radiation of near-infrared light can make a user fatigued. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to extract the screen area correctly without near-infrared radiation emission. A polarizing filter is included in the display, and thus, visibility of the screen can be controlled by the light's polarization direction of the external polarized light filter. We propose gaze estimation based on the cross-ratio method using a developed polarization camera system, which can capture two polarized images of different angles simultaneously. Further, we confirmed that the point-of-gaze could be estimated using the screen reflection detected by computing the differences between two images without near-infrared emission.
关键词： Polarized image,Eye gaze estimation,Cross-ratio method
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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On the combination of luminescent rare earth MOF and rhodamine dopant with two sensing channels for picric acid
摘要： The present paper reported a hybrid structure for the optical recognition of PA (picric acid). This dye-MOF structure, named as R6h@EuBTC, consisted of a supporting matrix based on rare earth MOF and a sensing probe based on rhodamine dye, which was con?rmed using XRD, IR, thermal and photophysical analysis. R6h@EuBTC's rhodamine absorption in visible region was enhanced by increasing PA concentrations, showing obvious color change and consequently colorimetric sensing. R6h@EuBTC's rhodamine emission component was increased by increasing PA concentrations, while its Eu emission component was slightly quenched by increasing PA concentrations, which offered self-calibrated sensing signals for ratiometric ?uorescent sensing. Linear response and good selectivity were observed for both sensing channels with LOD of 3.9 μM. R6h@EuBTC's sensing mechanism towards PA was the combination of two procedures, which were the emission turn on effect of rhodamine component triggered by PA-released protons and the emission turn off effect of Eu component caused by its electron transfer procedure to PA, respectively. R6h@EuBTC's novelty was its two sensing channels and the practicability of naked eye detection.
关键词： Ratiometric sensing,Optical sensing,Explosive detection,Naked eye detection
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Statement of the BVA, the DOG, and the RG on treatment of choroidal neovascularization in diseases other than neovascular age-related macular degeneration; Stellungnahme des BVA, der DOG und der RG zur Therapie chorioidaler Neovaskularisationen bei anderen Erkrankungen als der neovaskul?ren altersabh?ngigen Makuladegeneration (Englische Version);
摘要： Choroidal neovascularizations (CNV) occur not only in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but also in numerous other macular and retinal disorders of varying etiology and, if left untreated, can cause irreversible visual loss. The diagnosis of CNV as well as the indication for treatment should be made in the same way as in neovascular AMD: On initial diagnosis: best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography. At follow-up: best-correct visual acuity, fundus examination, OCT, and, depending on findings, fluorescein angiography. Active CNV should be treated with intravitreal operative medication (IVOM) using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors if patients have visual acuity of at least 0.05 or if there is sufficient reason to assume that visual acuity could increase to over 0.05 under treatment. Underlying disorders can include, e.g., high myopia, angioid streaks, central serous chorioretinopathy, active and inactive uveitis of varying etiology, including retinochoroiditis, chorioretinitis, and choroiditis, eye injuries, retinal dystrophies, e.g., best disease and pattern dystrophies, idiopathic CNV, subretinal masses (osteomas, hamartomas, nevi). If CNV is not present as a complication in the above-mentioned disorders, IVOM with VEGF inhibitors should not be performed. Ranibizumab and aflibercept are approved in Germany for the treatment of CNV secondary to pathologic myopia. Ranibizumab has been approved in Germany since 12/2016 for the treatment of CNV in disorders other than neovascular AMD and pathologic myopia irrespective of the underlying disease. The other VEGF inhibitors, aflibercept and bevacizumab, can be used off-label. Due to its overall significantly poorer treatment results, photodynamic therapy (PDT) should only be used in exceptional cases and extrafoveal localization. After one initial intravitreal administration of VEGF inhibitors, further CNV activity should be monitored monthly for the first 6 months (see point 2). In the case of persisting or recurrent activity, repeated IVOM should be performed. Depending on disease course, the follow-up interval might be extended 6 months after the last IVOM. In individual justified cases (e.g., patients requiring frequent re-injections), a different treatment regimen (e.g., treat and extend) can be considered in the further course. If visual acuity drops below 0.05 on anti-VEGF treatment, or no further positive treatment outcome is expected (e.g., in the presence of atrophy and/or fibrosis), treatment should be discontinued, unless there is a clear possibility that visual acuity could increase again to over 0.05 under treatment. If no improvement is seen under therapy with a certain VEGF inhibitor, or if deterioration occurs, one can consider switching to an alternative VEGF inhibitor.
关键词： Choroidal neovascularization,Myopia,Retinal dystrophies,Ranibizumab,VEGF inhibitors,Uveitis,Idiopathic CNV,Central serous chorioretinopathy,Angioid streaks,Photodynamic therapy,Subretinal tumors,Aflibercept,Bevacizumab,Eye injuries
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Room-temperature H2 gasochromic behavior of Pd-modified MoO3 nanowire labels
摘要： It is great significance to develop an effective eye-readable gas detection technology that would be safe, low-cost, and highly sensitive, serving as a vital complement to traditional H2 sensors. In this work, a class of flexible MoO3 nanowire labels (NWLs) modified with Pd nanoparticles have been successfully developed and studied as eye-readable hydrogen indicators at room-temperature. The nanowire labels turn from white to blue-gray even at a very low concentration (0.1%), where the eye-readable color change takes place in 65 s, and the color changes gradually from white to blue-gray. The reaction of MoO3 nanowire label with hydrogen is of high sensitivity, fast response and time-resolved. The process can be divided into two stages, i.e., fast and slow responses, which are dominated by H2 concentration and intrinsic properties of Pd@MoO3, respectively. The color response is also reversible by annealing under air ambient at 200 °C for 2 h, and selective to hydrogen compared with other flammable gases (i.e., CO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OH). The gasochromic NWLs involve Pd-catalyzed reduction of MoO3 in the presence of hydrogen. They also exhibit the superior advantage of being flexible, which have promises applications in efficient eye-readable hydrogen detection.
关键词： Gasochromic,MoO3,Pd nanoparticles,Nanowire labels,Eye-readable
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Plasmonic ommatidia for lensless compound-eye vision
摘要： The vision system of arthropods such as insects and crustaceans is based on the compound-eye architecture, consisting of a dense array of individual imaging elements (ommatidia) pointing along different directions. This arrangement is particularly attractive for imaging applications requiring extreme size miniaturization, wide-angle fields of view, and high sensitivity to motion. However, the implementation of cameras directly mimicking the eyes of common arthropods is complicated by their curved geometry. Here, we describe a lensless planar architecture, where each pixel of a standard image-sensor array is coated with an ensemble of metallic plasmonic nanostructures that only transmits light incident along a small geometrically-tunable distribution of angles. A set of near-infrared devices providing directional photodetection peaked at different angles is designed, fabricated, and tested. Computational imaging techniques are then employed to demonstrate the ability of these devices to reconstruct high-quality images of relatively complex objects.
关键词： metasurface,computational imaging,lensless compound-eye vision,Plasmonic ommatidia,directional photodetection
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics North (PN) - Quebec City, QC, Canada (2019.5.21-2019.5.23)] 2019 Photonics North (PN) - Recent Progress in Specialty Optical Fibers for Guiding of OAM and Cylindrical Vector Beams
摘要： Gaze tracking (GT) systems have attracted the attention of researchers as well as the commercial sector. Commercial systems are readily available, but they are usually fabricated at the same size. In this study, we propose a three-dimensional (3-D)-printable frame and an open-source system to fabricate a wearable GT system with low-cost configuration and reasonable performance. A 3-D printer achieves repeatable and adjustable design. The estimated price to make the GT hardware is less than €100, and the system’s average accuracy is 2.58°. Our GT system has a 24-Hz sampling rate, which can analyze human interest points. Another contribution of this study is developing the automatic discrimination of interest objects using our proposed GT and machine learning. The output of this combination system is a database that consists of labeled objects. The label with the highest frequency indicates the object of the highest interest for a corresponding user. Our combination system has a 7-Hz sampling rate and a 3.8% classification error.
关键词： visual programming,Auto-discrimination,three-dimensional (3-D) printer,human-gaze,eye detection
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Comparative Study on the Influence of Quantum Dot Display and Liquid Crystal Display on Human Visual Function
摘要： Previous studies have shown that liquid crystal display (LCD) can cause visual fatigue to the human eye, but the effect of quantum dot (QD) display has not been explored yet. This study conducted a human factor experiment on the QD display and LCD. The parameters ACC, HOAs and MTF were selected as objective physiological indicators for visual quantification of visual fatigue. 39 participants performed a 45-minute video viewing task. While before and after the visual task, measured the physiological parameters of the participants' eyes. Analysis the effects of QD display and LCD on human physiological characteristics under the same conditions. The results show that: (1) The QD display and LCD have an influence on the physiological characteristics of the human eye during continuous visual task duration. These effects can be quantified by changes in human eye physiological parameters; (2) The effect of QD display on human eye physiological parameters is less than LCD: the VICO index (visual comfort index) is lower, and the participants' color feedback accuracy is higher. This study provides theoretical basis and data support for the subsequent development of quantum dot display.
关键词： Quantum dot display,Human eye physiological characteristics,Visual comfort index,Liquid crystal display,Human factor experiment
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Wirtinger holography for near-eye displays
摘要： Near-eye displays using holographic projection are emerging as an exciting display approach for virtual and augmented reality at high-resolution without complex optical setups D shifting optical complexity to computation. While precise phase modulation hardware is becoming available, phase retrieval algorithms are still in their infancy, and holographic display approaches resort to heuristic encoding methods or iterative methods relying on various relaxations. In this work, we depart from such existing approximations and solve the phase retrieval problem for a hologram of a scene at a single depth at a given time by revisiting complex Wirtinger derivatives. We also discuss extending our framework to render 3D volumetric scenes. Using Wirtinger derivatives allows us to pose the phase retrieval problem as a quadratic problem which can be minimized with first-order optimization methods. The proposed Wirtinger Holography is flexible and facilitates the use of different loss functions, including learned perceptual losses parametrized by deep neural networks, as well as stochastic optimization methods. We validate this framework by demonstrating holographic reconstructions with an order of magnitude lower error, both in simulation and on an experimental hardware prototype.
关键词： augmented reality,computer generated holography,near-eye display,vergence-accommodation conflict,computational displays,virtual reality
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Investigation of laser active reconnaissance system performance based on its parameters
摘要： Laser active reconnaissance technology is one of the important technologies in the field of optoelectronic countermeasures. However, the Laser active reconnaissance effect is affected by various kinds of factors. According to the process of laser active reconnaissance, the laser active reconnaissance model is established. Furthermore, the echo power and the relationship between the power and various factors are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the echo power is subject to laser divergence angle, atmospheric visibility, angle of incidence and other factors. Among them, the divergence angle has the greatest influence on echo power, followed by the laser incident angle. The slight increase of laser divergence angle and laser incident angle will cause the echo power to drop sharply. However, the slight increase of receiving aperture of cat eye optical window will lead to the echo power increase rapidly. Therefore, in order to obtain the maximum laser echo power in specific application environment, it is necessary to select appropriate parameters for laser active reconnaissance system.
关键词： Reflected wave power,Cat eye effect,Active laser detection
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Dielectric Slab Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SAFSIW) Bandpass Filters
摘要： The detection of vision problems in early childhood can prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as amblyopia. However, accurate clinical assessment of visual function in young children is challenging. optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a re?exive sawtooth motion of the eye that occurs in response to drifting stimuli, that may allow for objective measurement of visual function in young children if appropriate child-friendly eye tracking techniques are available. In this paper, we present of?ine tools to detect the presence and direction of the optokinetic re?ex in children using consumer grade video equipment. Our methods are tested on video footage of children (N = 5 children and 20 trials) taken as they freely observed visual stimuli that induced horizontal OKN. Using results from an experienced observer as a baseline, we found the sensitivity and speci?city of our OKN detection method to be 89.13% and 98.54%, respectively, across all trials. Our OKN detection results also compared well (85%) with results obtained from a clinically trained assessor. In conclusion, our results suggest that OKN presence and direction can be measured objectively in children using consumer grade equipment, and readily implementable algorithms.
关键词： optokinetic nystagmus,pupil/iris detection,Eye tracking,head tracking,video stabilization
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52