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Laser tongue debridement for oral malodora??A novel approach to halitosis
摘要： Study Objective: Malodor is a multifactorial condition with oral pathology representing the main culprit and the tongue being the first to second contributor to the malodor. Bacterial load can represent a quantifiable measure regardless of the original pathology. We hypothesize that reduction in malodor can be represented by tongue changes both in appearance, bacterial and biofilm load reduction (measured by CFU and volatile gases measurement), organoleptic measurement and subjective improvement. Methods: A randomized controlled prospective study under IRB approval. Diagnostic criteria for enrollment and follow up were organoleptic test by 2 judges, halimeter reading, tongue colors changes HALT questionnaire and direct aerobic and anaerobic tongue cultures measured by CFU. Patients were treated with laser tongue debridement (LTD) with an Er,Cr:YSGG solid state laser has been shown to be effective in biofilm reduction. Results: 54 patients recruited with 35 available for follow up. Improvement was observed on all objective and QOL subjective parameters. Treatment was tolerated well with minimal discomfort Conclusions: The tongue is proven to be a major contributor to oral malodor and must be addressed in treatment protocol. LTD significantly reduces malodor by subjective and objective criteria. While impossible to determine whether the tongue serves as a bacterial reservoir or is the origin for oral bacteria it is clear that LTD improves oral hygiene and reduces malodor. LTD is safe and easy to perform. We encourage LTD to be a crucial part of any oral malodor treatment protocol.
关键词： laser,HALT,biofilm,oral malodor,halitosis,tongue
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Bixa orellana extract and blue LED in the reduction of halitosisa??A randomized, controlled clinical trial
摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of halitosis when using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with Bixa orellana extract and blue light-emitting diode (LED). Methods: Forty-four UNINOVE students or employees with a diagnosis of sulfide (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb in gas chromatography were selected. The patients were randomly divided in groups: Group 1 (n=15): aPDT with annatto and LED; Group 2 (n=14): tongue scraping; Group 3 (n=15): tongue scraping and aPDT. For aPDT, a was Bixa orellana extract used in a concentration of 20% w/v (Fórmula e A??o?, S?o Paulo, Brazil) on the tongue for 2 minutes, associated with a blue-violet LED (Valo Cordless Ultradent? Products, Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA) (395-480 nm). Six points were irradiated on the back of the tongue, at wavelength 395-480 nm for 20 seconds, energy of 9.6 J and radiant energy of 6.37 J/cm2 per point. The results were compared before, immediately after treatment and 7 days after. The Friedman test was used for the intragroup analysis and the Kruskal Wallis test for the intergroup analysis. Results: In all groups, there was a difference between baseline and the value immediately after the treatment. In Groups 1 and 3, there was no difference between the baseline and the 7 days control. Conclusion: There was an immediate reduction of halitosis, but the reduction was not maintained after 7days.
关键词： Light emitting diode,Photodynamic therapy,Bixa orellana,Halitosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Action of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red leds in microorganisms related to halitose
摘要： Introduction: Halitosis is the term used to describe any unpleasant odor relative to expired air regardless of its source. The prevalence of halitosis in the population is approximately 30%, of which 80 to 90% of the cases originate in the oral cavity resulting from proteolytic degradation by gram negative anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been widely used with very satisfactory results in the health sciences. It involves the use of a non-toxic dye, called photosensitizer (FS), and a light source of a speci?c wavelength in the presence of the environmental oxygen. This interaction is capable of creating toxic species that generate cell death. The objective of this controlled clinical study is to verify the effect of aPDT in the treatment of halitosis by evaluating the formation of volatile sulphur compounds with gas chromatography and microbiological analysis before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: Young adults in the age group between 18 and 25 years with diagnosis of halitosis will be included in this research. The selected subjects will be divided into 3 groups: G1: aPDT; G2: scraper, and G3: aPDT and scraper. All subjects will be submitted to microbiological analysis and evaluation with Oral ChromaTM before, immediately after treatment, 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment. For the evaluation of the association of the categorical variables the Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact Test will be used. To compare the means the student t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used and to analyse the correlation between the continuous variables the correlation test by Pearson will be applied. In the analyses of the experimental differences in each group the Wilcoxon test will be used. For all analyses a level of signi?cance of 95% (P < .05) will be considered. Discussion: Halitosis treatment is a topic that still needs attention. The results of this trial could support decision-making by clinicians regarding aPDT using aPDT for treating halitosis.
关键词： qPCR,halitosis,antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04