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A personalized and long-acting local therapeutic platform combining photothermal therapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of multidrug-resistant colon tumor
摘要： Background: Local photothermal therapy (PTT) provides an easily applicable, noninvasive adjunctive therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), especially when multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs. However, using PTT alone does not result in complete tumor ablation in many cases, thus resulting in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Materials and methods: In this study, we aim to develop a personalized local therapeutic platform combining PTT with long-acting chemotherapy for the treatment of MDR CRC. The platform consists of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanorods (PEG-GNRs) and d-alpha-tocopheryl PEG 1000 succinate (TPGS)-coated paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals (TPGS-PTX NC), followed by the incorporation into an in situ hydrogel (gel) system (GNRs-TPGS-PTX NC-gel) before injection. After administration, PEG-GNRs can exert quick and efficient local photothermal response under near-infrared laser irradiation to shrink tumor; TPGS-PTX NC then provides a long-acting chemotherapy due to the sustained release of PTX along with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor TPGS to reverse the drug resistance. Results: The cytotoxicity studies showed that the IC50 of GNRs-TPGS-PTX NC-gel with laser irradiation decreased to ~178-folds compared with PTX alone in drug-resistant SW620 AD300 cells. In the in vivo efficacy test, after laser irradiation, the GNRs-TPGS-PTX NC-gel showed similar tumor volume inhibition compared with GNRs-gel at the beginning. However, after 14 days, the tumor volume of the mice treated with GNRs-gel quickly increased, while that of the mice treated with GNRs-TPGS-PTX NC-gel remained controllable due to the long-term chemotherapeutic effect of TPGS-PTX NC. The mice treated with GNRs-TPGS-PTX NC-gel also showed no weight loss and obvious organ damages and lesions during the treatment, indicating a low systemic side effect profile and a good biocompatibility. Conclusion: Overall, the nano-complex may serve as a promising local therapeutic patch against MDR CRC with one-time dosing to achieve a long-term tumor control. The doses of PEG-GNRs and TPGS-PTX NC can be easily adjusted before use according to patient-specific characteristics potentially making it a personalized therapeutic platform.
关键词： in situ hydrogel,tumor recurrence,gold nanorods,paclitaxel nanocrystals,TPGS
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fe Foil-Guided Fabrication of Uniform Ag@AgX Nanowires for Sensitive Detection of Leukemia DNA
摘要： Herein, we report a novel Fe foil guided, in-situ etching strategy for the preparation of highly uniform Ag@AgX (X = Cl, Br) nanowires (NWs) and applied the photoelectric-responsive materials for sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of Leukemia DNA. The Ag@AgX NWs formation process was discussed from the redox potential and Ksp value. The fabricated PEC platform for sensing Leukemia DNA showed good assay performance with a wide linear range (0.1 pM to 50 nM) and low detection limit of 0.033 pM. We envision that our Fe foil-guided synthetic method could be applied to synthesize more photoactive materials for sensitive PEC detections.
关键词： Leukemia DNA,photoelectrochemical detection,in-situ,Br) nanowires,Ag@AgX (X = Cl,etch,Fe foil
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Angular Stability of Self-Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires for Future Applications in Solar Light Harvesting and Light Emission Devices
摘要： Semiconductor nanowires are a class of materials that recently have gained increasing interest in solar cell applications and light emitting devices. Finding reproducible processing conditions is fundamental for their future mass production. In this work, the stability of individual epitaxial GaAs nanowires (NWs) under molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) processing conditions is studied by means of a time-resolved in-situ micro X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and scanning electron microscopy. Our proposed micro XRD method is a non-destructive characterization technique where individual nano-objects of different dimensions, crystal orientations, and structures are detectable under MBE processing conditions. NWs were grown by self-catalyzed MBE onto pre-patterned Si(111) substrate. When exposed to MBE processing conditions at 610 °C without supply of source material, or with only arsenic supply, we observe evaporation from the facets with no indication of gallium droplet formation. Furthermore, the NWs, which are initially grown perpendicular to the substrate surface become angularly unstable i.e. the NWs tilt and eventually lie down on the substrate surface. Before falling down, our micro XRD data evidenced vibrations/bending of the NWs. Interestingly, when exposed to the original growth conditions which include gallium and arsenic supply, the vibrations/bending are suppressed and the tilting can be reversed. The findings in this paper can also provide insights towards engineering of self-catalyzed GaAs NW growth by removal of parasitic growth objects which inevitably grow together with NWs.
关键词： time-resolved,in-situ,mechanical stability,micro X-ray diffraction,nanowire,annealing,GaAs
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Developing New Materials for Electron Beam Melting: Experiences and Challenges
摘要： Lack of industrially available materials for additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic materials along with the promises of materials with improved or unique properties provides a strong drive for developing new process/material combinations. As powder bed technologies for metallic materials are relatively new to the market, and to some extent are only maturing, developers of new process/material combinations have certain challenges to overcome. Firstly, basic knowledge on the behavior of materials (even those well established for other applications) under extreme conditions of melting/solidification with beam-based AM methods is far from being adequate. Secondly, manufacturing of the equipment is up to date driven by industrial application, thus optimization of the AM machines for small test batches of powders is still belongs to research and development projects. Also, majority of the powder manufacturers are primarily driven by the market development, and even they are well aware of the demands imposed by the powder bed AM machines, availability of small test batches of adequate powders may be problematic or at least quite costly for the R&D oriented users. Present paper describes the experiences in developing new materials for EBM A2 machine by Arcam EBM, modified for operating with powder batches of 100-200 ml and less. In particular it discusses achievements and challenges of working with powders from different materials with specifications far beyond the range suggested by machine manufacturer. Also it discusses the possibility of using blended rather than pre-alloyed powders for achieving both composite-like and alloyed materials in the same part by steering electron beam energy deposition strategy.
关键词： Electron Beam Melting,material development,composite materials,Additive Manufacturing,blended powders,in situ alloying
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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In situ thermal synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanocrystals in thermoresponsive microgels
摘要： In situ formation of nanocrystals within thermoresponsive microgels has become a significant technology in the fields of catalysis and biomedicine to fabricate multifunctional hybrid nanostructures. Usually, the room temperature or cooler was set to control the formation of nanocrystals using microgels as template in such process. Here, the relatively higher temperature was used to synthesize molybdenum oxide nanocrystals where the poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) microgels were found to work as both the stabilizer and the template. Specifically, ethanol was added in the solution of the microgels to raise their volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). Later, a modified hydrothermal process was performed at 70 °C with precursor molybdic acid concentrated in the microgels matrix through the hydrogen bond between molybdic acid and N-vinyl caprolactam units. 2D nanoflakes, nanorods and nanoplatelets of molybdenum oxide were successfully synthesized. Specially, the microgels with the crosslinked degree of 2% exhibited well hybrid with controlled sizes and ideal confine of the molybdenum oxide nanoplatelets within microgels, along with strong photoluminescence intensity. These results emphasized the feasibility of poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) microgels as template and stabilizer at high temperature and provided a novel synthesis strategies for hybrid microgels applicable in wide areas of nanotechnology from catalysis, sensing to therapy.
关键词： In situ,Poly(N-vinyl caprolactam),Hybrid microgel,Molybdenum oxide,Thermoresponsive
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Derivation of space-resolved normal joint spacing and in situ block size distribution data from terrestrial LIDAR point clouds in a rugged Alpine relief (Kühtai, Austria)
摘要： Terrestrial laserscan (TLS) surveys allow the geological investigation of rock slopes, which cannot be measured by direct surveys because of inaccessibility, high hazard potential or excessive effort. The normal joint spacing and the in situ block size distribution are relevant properties for rock mass characterisation but are commonly evaluated statistically or at small regions only. This study presents the jointing characterisation of an Alpine rock slope by both scanline data and a new, automated analysis of point cloud data. The slope, located in the L?ngental (Austria), is characterised by a rugged Alpine relief and granodioritic gneisses fractured by non-persistent joints. The scanline data and the TLS surveys were used to investigate joint set orientations, normal joint spacings and in situ block sizes. Area-wide maps of rock slope properties were prepared from the results of the point cloud analysis. The general results derived from the point clouds are in good agreement with the scanline data. The space-resolved maps show larger block sizes in some of the higher ranging sub-regions and small block sizes in tectonically formed gullies, as well as various local variations. These visualisations are much more beneficial for most rock mechanical questions than common statistical data evaluation approaches using pre-defined sub-regions, which are treated as homogenous areas and thus are missing space-resolved information.
关键词： Point cloud analysis,Terrestrial laserscan,Normal joint spacing,Austria,In situ block size distribution,Joint characterisation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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In Situ Quantification of the Young’s Modulus of Nuclei In Multiple Cellular States Using A Modified Fiber Probe Sensor
摘要： In this work, a modified fiber probe sensor (MFP sensor) with a considerable length-diameter ratio tip was developed to quantitatively characterize the Young’s modulus of the cell nucleus in multiple cellular states. The MFP sensor has a needle tip with an extended length of 30 μm and a diameter of 150 nm. The length of the tip exceeds the diameter of most cells, so that it can penetrate the cell membrane with minimal damage and reach the nucleus. This allows the measurement of the Young’s modulus of intact cell nuclei under different cellular states without the phenomenon that the cantilever contacts the cell membrane. Moreover, the stiffness of the MFP sensor is reduced by a factor of 25 to better match that of the cell membrane and nucleus, which enables high-precision mechanical measurements. The MFP sensor was successfully used to quantify the Young’s modulus of the intact cell nuclei in the non-adherent, adherent and early apoptotic states. Experimental results validated the capability and versatility of the developed method.
关键词： In Situ,Modified Fiber Probe Sensor,Young’s Modulus,Cell Nucleus,Atomic Force Microscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A multipurpose X-ray fluorescence scanner developed for in situ analysis
摘要： Over the time, instrument transportability has become more and more important, especially in Cultural Heritage, as often artworks cannot be moved from their site, either because of the size or due to problems with permission issues, or simply because moving them to a laboratory is physically impossible, as e.g. in the case of mural paintings. For this reason, the INFN-CHNet, the network for Cultural Heritage studies of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), has developed an XRF scanner for in situ analyses. The instrument is the result of a wide collaboration, where different units of the network have been developing the diverse parts, then merged in a single system. The XRF scanner has been designed to be a four-season and green instrument. The control/acquisition/analysis software has been fully developed by our group, using only open-source software. Other strong points of the system are easiness of use, high portability, good performances and ultra-low radiation dispersion, which allows us to use even when the public can be present. It can run both with mains or on batteries, in the latter case with a maximum runtime longer than 10 h. It has a very low cost, when compared to commercial systems with equivalent performances, and easily replaceable components, which makes it accessible for a much wider portion of the interested community. The system has been thought and designed as an open system, suitable for further development/improvements, that can result interesting for non-conventional XRF analysis. The CHNet XRF scanner has proved to be really very well suited for applications in the Cultural Heritage field, as testified by the many recent applications. This paper describes the present version of our instrument and reports on the tests performed to characterise its main features.
关键词： Transportable instrument,XRF imaging,Acquisition,In situ analysis,Cultural heritage,XRF scanner
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effects of low-temperature sintering on surface morphology and electrical performance of silver nanoparticle/carbon nanotube composite films
摘要： Silver nanoparticle (AgNP)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites are drawing increasing attention for several applications, especially where transparency is required. However, interfacial interaction and stability of the AgNP/CNT composites have been scarcely investigated. In the present study, transparent coatings were prepared from dispersed AgNP-coated multiwalled CNTs and exposed to different annealing conditions. The changes in surface morphology and evolution of interfacial configuration of AgNP-decorated CNT transparent composite films were investigated. Under certain conditions, CNT ropes were glued to one another by the melted AgNP aggregates, resulting in the improvement of the measured electrical properties. The in situ measurements of the electrical properties allowed correlating the AgNPs sintering mechanism with the morphological observations. Notably, at a given temperature, increasing the initial film density increased the time necessary to complete the AgNPs sintering. The obtained results show that the electrical resistance can be used as a tool to indirectly monitor the network state of transparent AgNP-decorated CNT composite films, hence paving the way to tuning the composite film properties with a high precision for the desired application. These findings also explain the mechanism of reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites by the current nanofillers.
关键词： A. Silver nanoparticle,B. Carbon nanotube,E. In situ monitoring,D. Sintering,F. Electrical properties,C. Nanocomposite
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Peptide Nucleic Acid–Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Detection of Staphylococci From Endophthalmitis Isolates: A Proof-of-Concept Study
摘要： PURPOSE. Rapid identi?cation of pathogens causing endophthalmitis may improve treatment outcomes through early administration of species-speci?c medication. The current study reports a new molecular application of peptide nucleic acid–?uorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) with Staphylococcus-speci?c molecular PNA probes for the potential rapid detection of common pathogens causing endophthalmitis. METHODS. An experimental study was designed to evaluate the proof of concept at the microbiology laboratory of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Stored culture-positive staphylococci endophthalmitis isolates obtained from prior vitreous samples (n ? 15), along with broth as negative controls (n ? 5) were used. Inoculum was prepared to a ?nal concentration of 1 3 105 colony-forming units/mL to ensure that the isolates were viable. Smears of samples were ?xed and hybridized using QuickFISH protocol with probes for Staphylococcus. RESULTS. With PNA-FISH technique, Staphylococcus aureus was identi?ed in 9 of 10 samples and coagulase-negative staphylococci were identi?ed in 10 of 10 samples. Detection time was 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS. This study serves a proof of concept using a new microbial detection system with FISH probes, and may have the potential for clinical use in the rapid and accurate identi?cation of isolates from patients with endophthalmitis.
关键词： peptide nucleic acid (PNA),endophthalmitis,rapid identification,fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29