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Self-Luminescing Theranostic Nanoreactors with Intraparticle Relayed Energy Transfer for Tumor Microenvironment Activated Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： The low tissue penetration depth of external excitation light severely hinders the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging (FL) and the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo; thus, rational theranostic platforms that overcome the light penetration depth limit are urgently needed. To overcome this crucial problem, we designed a self-luminescing nanosystem (denoted POCL) with near-infrared (NIR) light emission and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation abilities utilizing an intraparticle relayed resonance energy transfer strategy. Methods: Bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-(pentyloxycarbonyl) phenyl] oxalate (CPPO) as a chemical energy source with high reactivity toward H2O2, poly[(9,9’-dioctyl-2,7-divinylene-?uorenylene)-alt-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene] (PFPV) as a highly efficient chemiluminescence converter, and tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) as a photosensitizer with NIR emission and 1O2 generation abilities were coencapsulated by self-assembly with poly(ethyleneglycol)-co-poly(caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) and folate-PEG-cholesterol to form the POCL nanoreactor, with folate as the targeting group. A series of in vitro and in vivo analyses, including physical and chemical characterizations, tumor targeting ability, tumor microenvironment activated imaging and photodynamic therapy, as well as biosafety, were systematically investigated to characterize the POCL. Results: The POCL displayed excellent NIR luminescence and 1O2 generation abilities in response to H2O2. Therefore, it could serve as a speci?c H2O2 probe to identify tumors through chemiluminescence imaging and as a chemiluminescence-driven PDT agent for inducing tumor cell apoptosis to inhibit tumor growth due to the abnormal overproduction of H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the folate ligand on the POCL surface can further improve the accumulation at the tumor site via a receptor-mediated mechanism, thus enhancing tumor imaging and the therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo but without any observable systemic toxicity. Conclusion: The nanosystem reported here might serve as a targeted, smart, precise, and noninvasive strategy triggered by the tumor microenvironment rather than by an outside light source for cancer NIR imaging and PDT treatment without limitations on penetration depth.
关键词： chemiluminescent imaging,H2O2,self-luminescing theranostic nanoreactors,intraparticle relayed energy transfer,PDT
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer: Past Challenges and Current Innovations
摘要： There are limited treatment options for patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In this report, we will talk about the history of photodynamic therapy; although it showed encouraging therapeutic results, it was largely abandoned due to toxicity or bystander effects on normal cells. Monoclonal antibody-conjugates represent an emerging therapeutic approach for malignancies that improves upon tumor specificity. The use of a monoclonal antibody-photosensitizer conjugate is a more selective method of delivering light therapy and has been termed 'photoimmunotherapy', which we will discuss in the last part of this report.
关键词： Hematoporphyrin,Urothelial cancer,Hexaminolevulinic acid,Photoimmunotherapy,PIT,BCG-refractory NMIBC,PDT,Bladder cancer,5-Aminolevulinic acid,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Impact of KF-post deposition treatment on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surface and Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CdS interface sulfurization
摘要： Partial sulfurization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers contributes to enhance photovoltaic performance of chalcopyrite based solar cells. Alternatively, KF post-deposition treatment (KF-PDT) performed under Se atmosphere has recently been used to improve the efficiency of CIGSe thin film based solar cells. In this work, we study the potential sulfurization of KF-treated CIGSe during the chemical bath deposition of the CdS buffer layer. Therefore, buried interfaces between KF-PDT CIGSe under Se or S atmosphere and CdS are investigated with the help of non-destructive and depth sensitive X-ray emission spectroscopy. No CIGSe sulfurization is detected at the absorber/CdS interface when KF treatment is performed under selenium atmosphere. In contrast, when KF treatment is done under sulfur atmosphere, partial sulfurization of CIGSe is detected at the CIGSe/CdS interface. We show through X-ray photoemission spectroscopy that the CIGSe sulfurization occurs during the KF-PDT performed under sulfur atmosphere. We also demonstrate that alkali favors greatly CIGSe surface sulfurization when the chalchopyrite is exposed to sulfur atmosphere.
关键词： Cu(In,Ga)Se2,XES,KF-PDT,XPS,Interface,Sulfurization
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Functional chlorin gold nanorods enable to treat breast cancer by photothermal/photodynamic therapy
摘要： Background: The existing chemo/radiotherapy fail to eliminate cancer cells due to the restriction of either drug resistance or radio tolerance. The predicament urges researchers to continuously explore alternative strategy for achieving a potent curative effect. Methods: Functional chlorin gold nanorods (Ce6-AuNR@SiO2-d-CPP) were fabricated aiming at treating breast cancer by photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). The nanostructure was developed by synthesizing Au nanorods as the photothermal conversion material, and by coating the pegylated mesoporous SiO2 as the shell for entrapping photosensitizer Ce6 and for linking the D-type cell penetrating peptide (d-CPP). The function of Ce6-AuNR@SiO2-d-CPP was verified on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and MCF-7 cells xenografts in nude mice. Results: Under combinational treatment of PTT and PDT, Ce6-AuNR@SiO2-d-CPP demonstrated a strong cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects in breast cancer cells in vitro, and a robust treatment efficacy in breast cancer-bearing nude mice. The uptake mechanism involved the energy-consuming caveolin-mediated endocytosis, and Ce6-AuNR@SiO2-d-CPP in PTT/PDT mode could induce apoptosis by multiple pathways in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Ce6-AuNR@SiO2-d-CPP demonstrated a robust efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer by photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Therefore, the present study could offer a new promising strategy to treat the refractory breast cancer.
关键词： PTT/PDT,apoptosis,cellular uptake,functional chlorin gold nanorods,cell penetrating peptide,cytotoxicity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photodynamic therapy versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for management of patients with early esophageal neoplasia: a retrospective study
摘要： Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) have been proposed as a treatment for early esophageal neoplasia. The objective of this study is to compare between the clinical outcome after ESD and PDT to reach the best management for early esophageal neoplasia. Methods: All patients undergoing ESD or PDT for early esophageal neoplasia between 2014 and 2015 were eligible for the study. A retrospective analysis for comparison between the results of ESD and PDT was done. Results: 36 patients underwent ESD and Thirty PDT. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the demographic or pathologic data. Also, there was no significant difference regarding the length of hospital stay, presence of hydrothorax, fever, and pain. Operative time was significantly longer in ESD than in PDT (72 vs. 8 minutes, P<0.001). In addition, bleeding was significantly lower in ESD than PDT (12 vs. 2, P<0.05). There was a significant difference regarding stricture and cost which were less in ESD (6 vs. 15, P<0.05). However, perforation was much more in ESD (6 vs. 0, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the disease free survival (DFS), but it was observed that patients who underwent PDT had more favorable 2-year DFS rates than patients received ESD. Conclusions: The PDT may be comparable to the ESD. With the exception of esophageal stenosis, PDT could reduce many complications and have longer DFS in comparison with ESD. PDT is feasible for patients with early esophageal neoplasia confined to the mucosal layer without regional lymph nodal or distant metastasis.
关键词： Photodynamic therapy (PDT),early esophageal neoplasia,endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Three-year results of a modified photodynamic therapy procedure (Ironing PDT) for age-related macular degeneration patients with large lesions
摘要： Background: To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a modified procedure on exudative age-related macular degeneration having been conventionally difficult to treat. Methods: The medical records of eight consecutive patients (eight eyes) with age-related macular degeneration treated with modified PDT were reviewed retrospectively. Modified PDT was used for the lesions that could not be covered by conventional use of PDT, either because the lesion was too large or too close to the optic disc. A moving PDT laser spot at constant speed, for 83 seconds, was used to cover the entire lesion, and was named 'Ironing PDT.' This retrospective study was performed with informed patient consent. It was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kansai Medical University. Results: No exudation could be found 36 months after treatment in five eyes (62.5%). There was no significant difference between the best-corrected visual acuity before PDT (0.95 logMAR) and after PDT (1.09 logMAR). The logMAR best-corrected visual acuity was improved in one eye, maintained in five eyes, and deteriorated in two eyes. Conclusion: Ironing PDT decreased subfoveal fluid and preserved visual acuity in some patients with age-related macular degeneration difficult to treat with conventional therapy.
关键词： PCV,modified PDT,large lesions,PDT,Ironing PDT,AMD
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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An Update on Topical Photodynamic Therapy for Clinical Dermatologists
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the application of a topical photosensitizer, irradiation with light, and oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that selectively destroy damaged cells while leaving normal skin intact. Topical PDT is a commonly used treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) due to its excellent clearance rate and cosmetic outcomes. However, PDT is emerging as an off-label treatment modality for many dermatological conditions. A literature review using MEDLINE was performed to identify randomized controlled trials conducted for currently approved and off-label clinical indications and photosensitizers for PDT between 2012 and 2018. The photosensitizer indole-3 acetic acid reduces the incubation time (<30 minutes), avoids the need for photoprotection after irradiation, and inflicts minimal pain. Cyclic PDT in individuals with evidence of field cancerization delays the mean time of actinic keratosis appearance and reduces the total number of new actinic keratoses. Substantial evidence exists outlining the utility of PDT in photorejuvenation due to its ability to improve skin texture, wrinkles, and firmness. The addition of microdermabrasion, microneedling, curettage, or various lasers improves clinical efficacy and cosmetic outcomes. PDT applications are expanding rapidly. Clinicians must stay up to date regarding the efficacy and safety of PDT applications.
关键词： non-melanoma skin cancer,daylight PDT,dermatology,PDT,actinic keratosis,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Regression Analysis of Protoporphyrin IX Measurements Obtained During Dermatological Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light activated drug therapy that can be used to treat a number of dermatological cancers and precancers. Improvement of efficacy is required to widen its application. Clinical protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence data were obtained using a pre-validated, non-invasive imaging system during routine methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT treatment of 172 patients with licensed dermatological indications (37.2% actinic keratosis, 27.3% superficial basal cell carcinoma and 35.5% Bowen’s disease). Linear and logistic regressions were employed to model any relationships between variables that may have affected PpIX accumulation and/or PpIX photobleaching during irradiation and thus clinical outcome at three months. Patient age was found to be associated with lower PpIX accumulation/photobleaching, however only a reduction in PpIX photobleaching appeared to consistently adversely affect treatment efficacy. Clinical clearance was reduced in lesions located on the limbs, hands and feet with lower PpIX accumulation and subsequent photobleaching adversely affecting the outcome achieved. If air cooling pain relief was employed during light irradiation, PpIX photobleaching was lower and this resulted in an approximate three-fold reduction in the likelihood of achieving clinical clearance. PpIX photobleaching during the first treatment was concluded to be an excellent predictor of clinical outcome across all lesion types.
关键词： photobleaching,aminolevulinic acid (ALA; Ameluz),dermatology,protoporphyrin IX (PpIX),imaging,methyl aminolevulinate (MAL; Metvix),photodynamic therapy (PDT),fluorescence,non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice || Light-Emitting Woven Fabric for Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy and Monitoring of Actinic Keratosis
摘要： A successful photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a specific photosensitizer, oxygen and light of a specific wavelength and power. Today photodynamic therapy (PDT) is administered to patients with light-emitting diode (LED) panels. These panels deliver a non-uniform light distribution on the human body parts, as the complex human anatomy is not a flat surface (head vertex, hand, shoulder, etc.). For an efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-emitting fabric (LEF) was woven from plastic optical fibers (POF) aiming at the treatment of dermatologic diseases such as actinic keratosis (AK). Plastic optical fibers (POF) (Toray, PGR-FB250) have been woven in textile in order to create macro-bendings, and thus emit out the injected light directly to the skin. The light intensity and light-emitting homogeneity of the LEF were improved thanks to Doehlert Experimental Design. During the treatment with PDT, the photosensitizers were activated in the cancerous cells. These cells may be visualized, as they show a characteristic fluorescence under UV light, which is called fluorescence diagnosis (FD). Therefore, it is proposed to modify the developed LEF for PDT to measure the fluorescence amount. For this aim, a part of POFs was cut out to observe the quantity of light that could be collected while the LEF was connected to a light source. The first prototypes showed the possibility of the illumination with the same LEF without losing the efficiency but also imaging the collected light.
关键词： fluorescence diagnosis (FD),weaving,light emitting fabric (LEF),plastic optical fiber (POF),photodynamic therapy (PDT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Multifunctional Nanotheranostic Gold Nanocages for Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Radio/Photodynamic/Photothermal Synergistic Therapy
摘要： In this work, we developed a novel multifunctional nanoplatform based on hyaluronic acid modified Au nanocages (AuNCs-HA). The rational design of AuNCs-HA renders the nanoplatform three functionalities: (1) AuNCs-HA with excellent LSPR peak in the NIR region act as contrast agent for enhanced photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT); (2) the nanoplatform with high-energy rays (X-ray) absorption and auger electrons generation acts as a radiosensitizer for radiotherapy; (3) good photocatalytic property and large surface area make AuNCs-HA a photosensitive agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo results demonstrated that AuNCs-HA presented excellent PA imaging performance after intravenous injection, which provided contour, size, and location information of the tumor. Moreover, because AuNCs-HA could combine radiotherapy and phototherapy together, the tumors treated with AuNCs-HA showed complete growth inhibition, comparing to that with each therapy alone. Taken together, our present study demonstrates that AuNCs-HA is of great potential as a multifunctional nanoplatform for PA imaging-guided radio- and photo-therapy of tumor.
关键词： PTT,Au nanocages,radiotherapy,PDT,theranostic nanoplatform,PA imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21