研究目的
To review the history, challenges, and current innovations in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer, focusing on improving tumor specificity and reducing toxicity through photoimmunotherapy.
研究成果
Photodynamic therapy has shown efficacy in treating bladder cancer, particularly in BCG-refractory cases, but has been hampered by toxicity issues. Photoimmunotherapy, which uses monoclonal antibody-photosensitizer conjugates, offers a more targeted approach with reduced side effects and potential for combination with immunotherapy, representing a promising innovation for future clinical applications.
研究不足
The studies conducted to date are extremely heterogeneous, making it difficult to determine the ideal histology and pretreatment characteristics for PDT-based therapy. Toxicity and adverse effects, such as bladder contracture and skin photosensitivity, have limited the adoption of PDT. Non-specific accumulation of photosensitizers in normal tissues contributes to these limitations.
