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Investigation of Well-Defined Pinholes in TiO2 Electron Selective Layers Used in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The recently introduced perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology is a promising candidate for providing low-cost energy for future demands. However, one major concern with the technology can be traced back to morphological defects in the electron selective layer (ESL), which deteriorates the solar cell performance. Pinholes in the ESL may lead to an increased surface recombination rate for holes, if the perovskite absorber layer is in contact with the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via the pinholes. In this work, we used sol-gel-derived mesoporous TiO2 thin films prepared by block co-polymer templating in combination with dip coating as a model system for investigating the effect of ESL pinholes on the photovoltaic performance of planar heterojunction PSCs. We studied TiO2 films with different porosities and film thicknesses, and observed that the induced pinholes only had a minor impact on the device performance. This suggests that having narrow pinholes with a diameter of about 10 nm in the ESL is in fact not detrimental for the device performance and can even, to some extent improve their performance. A probable reason for this is that the narrow pores in the ordered structure do not allow the perovskite crystals to form interconnected pathways to the underlying FTO substrate. However, for ultrathin (~20 nm) porous layers, an incomplete ESL surface coverage of the FTO layer will further deteriorate the device performance.
关键词： electron selective layer,pinhole,perovskite solar cell,dip coating,evaporation-induced self-assembly,mesoporous TiO2
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Fully Ambient Air Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Using TiO <sub/>2</sub> Paste with Tunable Pore Structure
摘要： Crystallization and nucleation of the perovskite layer in the mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) depend on the nucleation sites of the electron transport layer (ETL). The porosity optimization of TiO2 film as an efficient ETL plays an important role in the performance improvement of PSCs. In the present study, nontoxic carbon spheres synthesized with uniform morphology and controllable size under hydrothermal conditions and used as a template to generate the tunable porous TiO2 films. Furthermore, the effect of porosity modification of TiO2 on the formation of perovskite films with large grain size is studied in an ambient atmosphere with humidity higher than 50%. The best TiO2 film is produced with carbon spheres 8 wt% (C8), which results in the formation of a pinhole-free, and compact-packed perovskite layer. The fully air processed PSC device with the ETL made of C8 film exhibits an efficiency of 16.66% with reduced hysteresis, which is much superior in performance compared to the standard cell (11.72%). It is believed that this porosity optimization of TiO2 layer is a simple practical strategy for improved stability of fully air processed efficient perovskite solar cells and usable for the fabrication of reproducible compact perovskite layers in uncontrolled laboratories.
关键词： porosity,AP-VASP,carbon sphere,mesoporous TiO2,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Plasmonic Au@Pt@Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles
摘要： Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles, synthesized through chemical reduction, are utilized to improve the photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in which carbon films are used as the counter electrode, and the hole-transporting layer is not used. After a series of experiments, these Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles are optimized and demonstrate outstanding optical and electrical properties due to their local surface plasmon resonance and scattering effects. PSC devices containing 1 wt.% Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles have the highest efficiency; this is attributable to their significant light trapping and utilization capabilities, which are the result of the distinctive structure of the nanoparticles. The power conversion efficiency of PSCs, with an optimal content of plasmonic nanoparticles (1 wt.%), increased 8.1%, compared to normal PSCs, which was from 12.4% to 13.4%; their short-circuit current density also increased by 5.4%, from 20.5 mA·cm?2 to 21.6 mA·cm?2. The open-circuit voltages remaining are essentially unchanged. When the number of Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles in the mesoporous TiO2 layer increases, the photovoltaic parameters of the former shows a downward trend due to the recombination of electrons and holes, as well as the decrease in electron transporting pathways.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,Au@Pt@Au core-shell nanoparticles,mesoporous TiO2
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis of Uniform Ordered Mesoporous TiO2 Microspheres with Controllable Phase Junctions for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
摘要： As a benchmark photocatalyst, commercial P25-TiO2 has been widely used for various photocatalytic applications. However, the low surface area and poorly porous structure greatly limit its performance. Herein, uniform ordered mesoporous TiO2 microspheres (denoted as Meso-TiO2-X, X represents the rutile percentage in the resulted microspheres) with controllable anatase/rutile phase junctions and radially oriented mesochannels were synthesized by a coordination-mediated self-assembly approach. The anatase/rutile ratio in the resultant microspheres can be facilely adjusted as desired (rutile percentage: 0–100) by changing the concentrations of hydrochloric acid. As a typical one, the yielded Meso-TiO2-25 microspheres have a similar anatase/rutile ratio with commercial P25. But the surface area (78.6 m2 g–1) and pore volume (0.39 cm3 g–1) of the resultant microspheres are larger than that of commercial P25. When used as the photocatalysts for H2 generation, the Meso-TiO2-25 delivers a high solar-driven H2 evolution rate under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) and visible-light (λ > 400 nm), respectively, which are significantly larger than that of commercial P25. This coordination-mediated self-assembly method paves a new way toward the design and synthesis of high performance mesoporous photocatalysts.
关键词： water splitting,mesoporous TiO2,phase junctions,self-assembly,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalysis of Mesoporous TiO2
摘要： The mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticulate has been prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly method using EO-PO type polyether P123 as a template. The small angle X-ray diffraction, wide angle X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption are used to study the microstructure and morphology of the as-synthesized mesoporous TiO2. The results demonstrate that the mesoporous TiO2 belongs to anatase and the size is 20-30 nm. The sample is prepared using P123 as a template with average pore size distribution of 11.54 nm, specific surface area of 84.83 m2/g and pore volume of 0.234 cm3/g. The as-synthesized mesoporous TiO2 exhibits remarkably high photocatalytic activity of 93.6 % in decomposing formaldehyde under ultraviolet light irradiations for 90 min. This work provides a basic experimental process for the preparation of mesoporous TiO2, which will possess a broad prospect in terms of the applications in improving indoor air quality.
关键词： Photocatalysis,Evaporation induced self-assembly,Mesoporous TiO2,Formaldehyde
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14