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OCT Angiography of the Choriocapillaris in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Quantitative Subgroup Analysis
摘要： Introduction: To quantify optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal changes at the level of the choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with different stages of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to explore any correlation between subretinal fluid (SRF) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations and the OCTA CC signal. Methods: One hundred one CSC eyes and 42 healthy control eyes were included in this retrospective study. CSC patients were allocated into four groups: acute, non-resolving, chronic atrophic and inactive CSC. CC OCTA images (AngioPlex?, Zeiss) were automatically quantified using an image-processing algorithm. Spatial correlation analysis of OCTA signals was performed by overlapping macular edema heatmaps and fundus autofluorescence images with corresponding OCTA images. Results: Active CSC subgroups demonstrated significantly more increased and decreased flow pixels in the CC compared with controls (p < 0.0001). No significant OCTA changes were seen within the active CSC groups or between the inactive and healthy subgroup. Spatial correlation analysis revealed a decreased OCTA signal in the SRF area and an increased signal outside the SRF area in acute CSC. Areas of RPE atrophy co-localized with areas of increased choriocapillaris OCTA signal, while areas with RPE alterations exhibited a normal signal compared with unaffected RPE. Conclusion: The decreased OCTA signal in the area of SRF in acute CSC could be evidence of localized CC hypoperfusion or due to shadowing artifacts. The missing CC OCTA changes in altered RPE adjacent to atrophy argues against CC injury. Studies with higher resolution and optimized image acquisition are warranted to further validate our findings.
关键词： Choriocapillaris,OCT angiography,Central serous chorioretinopathy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Reproducibility of Macular Vessel Density Calculations Via Imaging With Two Different Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Systems
摘要： Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of vessel density calculations using different binarization methods obtained via two commercially available swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) systems. Methods: Healthy volunteers were imaged using two swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) devices, PLEXElite and Triton. SS-OCTA examinations were performed using a 3 3 3-mm volume scan pattern centered on the fovea. A total of six methods were used for binarization in ImageJ, two global thresholding and four local adaptive thresholding methods. Resultant vessel density values were compared between the instruments and binarization methods. Images for 60 eyes from 30 healthy subjects were assessed by two reviewers who were blinded to the scanning system used. Results: Twenty-two eyes were excluded due to poor image quality (17 eyes from Triton, 4 eyes from PLEXElite, and 1 eye from both instruments, P ? 0.003). A final 38 eyes from 23 subjects were eligible for analysis. Each binarization method and instrument led to different median values. The coefficients of variation for vessel density measurements ranged from 0.3% to 2.3% and 0.6% to 4.7% for the PLEXElite and Triton, respectively. Local adaptive thresholding methods revealed higher reproducibility than did global thresholding methods for both devices. Conclusions: Macular scans with both SS-OCTA instruments showed good reproducibility for vessel density measurements. PLEXElite recorded fewer poor images and had higher reproducibility than did Triton. These findings will inform the selection of proper binarization methods for the clinical detection of vascular diseases affecting the central retina.
关键词： superficial capillary plexus,vessel density,reproducibility,OCT angiography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Simultaneous Investigation of Vascular and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Pathologies of Exudative Macular Diseases by Multifunctional Optical Coherence Tomography
摘要： To investigate exudative macular disease, multifunctional optical coherence tomography (MF-OCT) using a 1-lm probe band was developed. The clinical utility of MF-OCT was examined in a descriptive case series. METHODS. Ten eyes of nine subjects with exudative macular disease, including one eye with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one eye with idiopathic neovascular maculopathy, and eight eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), were investigated. Areas of 6 3 6 mm2 around the pathologic region were scanned with 512 3 1024 depth scans in 6.6 seconds. Structural OCT, Doppler optical coherence angiography (OCA), and cumulative phase retardation images were obtained with a single measurement. Each MF-OCT image visualized the structure, vasculature, and birefringence. Degree of polarization uniformity values were also obtained for selective visualization of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The MF-OCT images were compared with conventional ophthalmic images. RESULTS. Abnormal vasculatures were observed with Doppler OCA in all eyes, which presented high similarity to indocyanine green angiography in the midphase. The RPE and exudation in the pathologic regions were discriminated in one eye with AMD and ?ve of eight eyes with PCV. Cumulative phase retardation visualized ?brosis scars in two of the PCV cases. CONCLUSIONS. Multifunctional OCT revealed depth-resolved abnormal vasculatures, the integrity of the RPE and choroid, discrimination of the RPE and exudation, and existence of ?brosis scars in exudative macular diseases. Interpretation of MF-OCT examination is well matched with conventional ophthalmic examination. These results suggest that MF-OCT can be used as a noninvasive ophthalmic examination tool prior to conventional examinations in clinical routines.
关键词： polarization-sensitive OCT,OCT angiography,optical coherence tomography,retinal pigment epithelium,exudative macular disease
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Comparison of OCT angiography in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity
摘要： Purpose To compare the foveal microvascular structure characteristics in children with a history of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) versus laser photocoagulation (LP) for retinopathy of prematurity by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this cross- sectional study, a total of 17 children (28 eyes) underwent IVR and 20 children (37 eyes) underwent LP were recruited. The age of doing OCTA examination of the two groups are 5.4±1.1 years and 6.3±1.8 years, respectively (p=0.07). Spectral- domain OCTA was performed for all the eyes with a scan size of 3×3 mm. The data of the superficial retinal layer were analysed. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (including vessel length density (VLD) and perfusion density (PD)) were measured using the software of OCTA (Cirrus AngioPlex 5000, Carl Zeiss, Meditec, Dubin, California, USA). The central foveal thicknesses (CFT) were measured by cross- sectional OCT. results In the central fovea, the retinal VLD and PD of patients with IVR were 13.82±2.99 mm/ mm2 and 0.25±0.05 mm2/mm2, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the LP group (15.64±2.71 mm/mm2 and 0.28±0.05 mm2/mm2, p=0.01 and p=0.006). The FAZ area of patients with IVR and LP were 0.13±0.09 mm2 and 0.09±0.07 mm2, respectively (p=0.048). The CFT of patients with IVR and LP were 200.7±16.7 μm and 220.9±22.7 μm, respectively (p<0.01). The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution best- corrected visual acuity of patients with IVR and LP were 0.2±0.1 and 0.1±0.1, respectively (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the parafoveal and foveal VLD and PD, FAZ morphological index and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) between the two groups. Conclusion The IVR might contribute to microvascular changes in the macular zone, such as reducing the central foveal VLD and PD, while the LP might contribute to microstructural changes, such as smaller FAZ and thicker CFT.
关键词： intravitreal injection of ranibizumab,foveal microvascular structure,OCT angiography,laser photocoagulation,retinopathy of prematurity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
摘要： Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the appearance of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), to discuss whether localization of the leakage spot seen on fluorescein angiography (FA) corresponds to any recognizable spot on SS-OCTA, and to provide subsequent diagnosis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the course of CSC. Methods: A prospective interventional case series was conducted in a private outpatient office on 30 eyes of 27 patients. In addition to ophthalmic examination, FA, spectral-domain OCT, SS-OCT and SS-OCTA were performed at least once. If laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection was administered, then all examinations were repeated afterward. Following SS-OCTA, morphology features of CSC were analyzed: localization of the leakage spot, presence of feeder vessels, and presence of CNV. Changes after treatment were recorded. Results: In 26 of 30 cases the leakage site on FA corresponded to a highly hyporeflective site on SS-OCTA. In 7 of these cases laser was successfully administered. In 20/30 eyes we additionally observed thickened vessels at the level of choriocapillaris in close proximity to the most hyporeflective spot. CNV was observed in 4 cases. The leakage spot is the most hyporeflective spot on SS-OCTA localized at the level of choriocapillaris. Additionally, choroidal feeder vessels might be visualized at the level of choriocapillaris in 66% of cases. In 4 eyes, CNV in the course of CSC was noted. Conclusions: In CSC, SS-OCTA is a valuable diagnostic tool and its results complement FA. It might add to the treatment process, especially regarding the need to start and to monitor anti-VEGF injections. Anti-VEGF treatment results in fading but not in complete disappearance of CNV in the course of CSC.
关键词： central serous chorioretinopathy,swept-source OCT angiography,anti-VEGF,laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Assessment of the Dynamic Alteration of Choriocapillaris Vessel Density after Focal Laser Photocoagulation with OCT Angiography
摘要： Purpose. To evaluate the changes of choriocapillaris blood ?ow beneath laser lesions in noncenter-involved diabetic macular edema patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. This was a retrospective case-series study. We used OCTA to analyze the characteristics of the choriocapillaris blood ?ow beneath laser lesions before laser treatment and at several intervals after treatment. The choriocapillaris vessel density (CCVD) beneath the laser lesions was based on the OCTA images and was de?ned as the proportion of ?ow pixels in the selected area calculated using FIJI software through automatic binarization processing based on threshold methods. Results. A total of 63 laser lesions in 8 eyes of 5 patients were included in this study. There was a signi?cant decrease in the CCVD at 1 hour and 1 day following laser treatment (24.25% ± 5.04% and 22.00% ± 4.71%, respectively) when compared with the baseline value (39.09% ± 3.71%, all p < 0.001). The CCVD was 31.82% ± 4.53% in 1 week after laser treatment, which was signi?cantly higher than that in 1 day after treatment (p < 0.001), and then continued to improve at 1 month after treatment (34.44% ± 4.16%). Additionally, in the group with smaller spot size and lower energy, the CCVD recovery at 1 month after laser was signi?cantly better than that in the group with larger spot size and higher energy (p ? 0.006). Conclusions. OCTA image analysis can re?ect changes in the choriocapillaris blood ?ow beneath laser lesions at di?erent times following laser treatment in vivo. Spot size and laser energy may a?ect blood ?ow recovery.
关键词： laser photocoagulation,choriocapillaris,diabetic macular edema,OCT angiography
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Retinal and Choroidal Perfusion Status in the Area of Laser Scars Assessed With Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
摘要： To evaluate the perfusion status of the retina and choriocapillaris in the area of laser scars on swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of eyes previously treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).
关键词： diabetic retinopathy,OCT angiography,laser photocoagulation,choriocapillaris
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Extensive Macular Atrophy with Pseudodrusen Imaged with OCT Angiography
摘要： This report describes the first case of extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A 58-year-old Caucasian man presented with decreased central vision in both eyes. Fundus examination showed large areas of macular atrophy centered on the fovea surrounded by diffuse reticular pseudodrusen. Spectral domain OCT (SDOCT) revealed outer retinal and choriocapillaris atrophy. OCTA demonstrated marked absence of choriocapillaris flow. Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen is a rare clinical entity and a new extreme phenotype of macular degenerations that could shed more light on the role of pseudodrusen and choriocapillaris compromise in the pathogenesis of AMD.
关键词： macular degeneration,OCT angiography,Extensive macular atrophy,pseudodrusen
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Role of OCT Angiography in the Detection of Retinal Vascular and Macular Abnormalities in Subjects with Asteroid Hyalosis
摘要： Purpose: To study the role of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Angiography (OCTA) in detecting retinal vascular and macular abnormalities as compared to Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in subjects with Asteroid hyalosis (AH). Methods: In a prospective study, patients with AH underwent OCTA and FFA. AH graded as Grade 1 in 8 (optic disc, second order vessels visible), Grade 2 in 4 (optic disc, first-order vessels visible), Grade 3 in 11 (hazy view of optic disc) and Grade 4 (no view of fundus) in 2 eyes. Results: A total of 20 patients (25 eyes) with AH were included. In comparison to FFA, OCTA was able to similarly detect Diabetic Retinopathy changes such as Neovascularization, microaneurysms, capillary dropout, and foveal avascular zone extent in vascular occlusion in all grades of AH. Conclusion: OCTA, a noninvasive imaging tool, could detect various retinal vascular and macular abnormalities in patients with all grades of AH in comparison to FFA.
关键词： Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA),macular abnormalities,OCT angiography (OCTA),asteroid hyalosis,retinal vascular abnormalities
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46