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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer: Past Challenges and Current Innovations
摘要： There are limited treatment options for patients with recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In this report, we will talk about the history of photodynamic therapy; although it showed encouraging therapeutic results, it was largely abandoned due to toxicity or bystander effects on normal cells. Monoclonal antibody-conjugates represent an emerging therapeutic approach for malignancies that improves upon tumor specificity. The use of a monoclonal antibody-photosensitizer conjugate is a more selective method of delivering light therapy and has been termed 'photoimmunotherapy', which we will discuss in the last part of this report.
关键词： Hematoporphyrin,Urothelial cancer,Hexaminolevulinic acid,Photoimmunotherapy,PIT,BCG-refractory NMIBC,PDT,Bladder cancer,5-Aminolevulinic acid,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Carrier behavior in the vicinity of pit defects in GaN characterized by ultraviolet light-assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy
摘要： Surface potentials in the vicinity of V-pits (cone bottom) and U-pits (blunt bottom) on epitaxial GaN surface have been systematically studied using ultraviolet (UV) light-assisted Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). The band structure models are established to understand variation of the surface potentials at the pits and planar surface with and without UV light. The photo-generated carrier behavior at the pit defects is studied. According to the surface potential results, it can be deduced that the carrier distributions around the V- and U-pits are uneven. In dark, the electron concentration at the bottom of V-pit (30n0) and U-pit (15n0) are higher than that at planar surface (n0). Under UV light, for V-pit, the electron concentration at the cone bottom (4.93×1011n0) is lower than that at the surrounding planar surface (5.68×1013n0). For U-pit, the electron concentration at the blunt bottom is 1.35×1012n0, which is lower than that at the surrounding planar surface (6.13×1013n0). The non-equilibrium electron concentrations at different locations are calculated. Based on the non-equilibrium electron concentration, it can be concluded that the carrier recombination rate at pit defects is higher than that at planar surface.
关键词： pit defects,electron concentration,surface potential
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Mapping Two-Dimensional Deformation Field Time-Series of Large Slope by Coupling DInSAR-SBAS with MAI-SBAS
摘要： Mapping deformation field time-series, including vertical and horizontal motions, is vital for landslide monitoring and slope safety assessment. However, the conventional differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) technique can only detect the displacement component in the satellite-to-ground direction, i.e., line-of-sight (LOS) direction displacement. To overcome this constraint, a new method was developed to obtain the displacement field time series of a slope by coupling DInSAR based small baseline subset approach (DInSAR-SBAS) with multiple-aperture InSAR (MAI) based small baseline subset approach (MAI-SBAS). This novel method has been applied to a set of 11 observations from the phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) sensor onboard the advanced land observing satellite (ALOS), spanning from 2007 to 2011, of two large-scale north–south slopes of the largest Asian open-pit mine in the Northeast of China. The retrieved displacement time series showed that the proposed method can detect and measure the large displacements that occurred along the north–south direction, and the gradually changing two-dimensional displacement fields. Moreover, we verified this new method by comparing the displacement results to global positioning system (GPS) measurements.
关键词： synthetic aperture radar,deformation field time-series,open-pit slope,multiple-aperture InSAR,DInSAR
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Research on Micro-Size Electrical Discharge Machining Polycrystalline Diamond
摘要： With the demand of modern cutting technology for ‘high efficiency, precise, flexibility and green manufacturing’, polycrystalline diamond materials as cutting tools have been widely used in automobile, aerospace and non-metal processing. Electro-spark erosion is one of the most effective ways to machine polycrystalline diamond materials. Single pulse discharge is one of the research foundations of micro-EDM. Using 2 micron granularity polycrystalline diamond as experiment material, the influence of single pulse discharge technology on the removal efficiency of materials was studied, such as pit radius, pit depth and radius-depth ratio, etc. The experimental results show that, with the extension of the pulse duration, the radius of the discharge pit begins to increase rapidly, then slowly increases, and finally to slow down; while the radius of thermal influence zone increases rapidly and then continues to increase slowly. With the extension of pulse duration, the ratio of pit depth to radius changes within the range of 0.05 ~ 0.25, which shows a downward trend basically.
关键词： Single pulse,Micro-size,Polycrystalline diamond (PCD),Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM),Corrosion pit size
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Anatomical Characterization of an Optic Disc Notch Using SD-OCT in Glaucoma
摘要： Purpose: To characterize anatomical dimensions of a disc notch using novel methods using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Participants: All age- and severity-matched glaucoma patients with disc notch (defined as complete loss of neural rim with no residual rim between disc and cup) seen from 2014 to 2015 who underwent enhanced depth imaging with SD-OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT version 6.5, Carl Zeiss, USA) were included for this retrospective observational study. Methods: Using known dimensions of the 200 * 200 optic disc cube (6 * 6 mm), the notch width was calculated from the margins of the notch on either side using ImageJ software. The height was calculated from the lowest margin of the cup to the lowest point of the defect on the optic disc. These were compared with the quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer (qRNFT) and sectoral retinal nerve fiber layer (sRNFLT) thickness in notch and the sector 2 clock hours adjacent to the notch region (SaRNFLT). Results: The height and width of the notch in 31 eyes of 27 patients were 2.6 ± 0.48 mm and 2.23 ± 0.31 mm. The RNFL thickness in the same sector as that of the notch was 41 ± 21.06 μm while the adjacent two sectors measured 62 ± 26.5 and 64 ± 26.5 μm on either sides of the sector of the notch. The difference between the sRNFLT and saRNFLT ranged from ?9 to 67 and ?13 to 50 μm, respectively. This difference was significantly associated with height of the notch (R2 = 20.8, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Automated analysis of a notch and RNFL thickness in that sector can help in precise glaucoma monitoring in the region of interest.
关键词： glaucoma,optic disc pit,Optical coherence tomography,lamina cribrosa,optic disc notch
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Guidelines for establishing an etching procedure for dislocation density measurements on multicrystalline silicon samples
摘要： With multicrystalline silicon becoming the main material used for photovoltaic applications and dislocations being one of the main material limitations to better solar cell efficiency, etch pit density measurements are gaining more importance. Traditionally, etch pit density measurements are based on selective etching of silicon samples. The majority of the etchants have been developed for monocrystalline samples with known orientation, while those developed for multicrystalline samples have been investigated and might need some optimization. In this study, we use and compare the PVScan tool, which provides a quick way to assess dislocation density on selectively etched samples, and microscope image analysis. We show how the etching methods used for dislocation density measurements can affect the results, and we suggest how to optimize the Sopori etching procedure for multicrystalline silicon samples with high dislocation densities. We also show how the Sopori etchant can be used to substitute Secco while maintaining a high precision of dislocation density measurements, but without the toxic hexavalent chromium compounds.
关键词： Photovoltaic,Etch pit density,Silicon,Secco,Selective etching,EPD,Dislocations,Sopori
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Review on plasmon induced transparency based on metal-dielectric-metal waveguides; ??o?o? MDM ?3￠?ˉ?????-??|??-????èˉ±?ˉ?é??????????????è?°;
摘要： Plasmon induced transparency (PIT) in the transparent window provides new insights into the design of optical filters, switches and storage, and integrated optics. The slow light effect makes PIT applicable to both sensors and slow light devices. Besides, PIT can overcome the diffraction limit of light, which makes it possible to manipulate light on a half-wavelength scale and brings good news to the miniaturization of optical devices. In this paper, we first summarize the researches of PIT phenomenon based on metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide systems and analyze the physical mechanisms of PIT including bright-dark mode interactions and phase-coupling-induced transparency. Then, we review the applications of PIT in optical sensing, optical filtering, optical switching, slow light devices and optical logic devices. At last, we outline important challenges that need to be addressed, provide corresponding solutions and predict important directions for future research in this area.
关键词： slow-light effect,plasmon induced transparency (PIT),metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide,optical logic devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Outcomes of Two Treatments for Uncomplicated Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Karydakis Flap Procedure and Sinus Tract Ablation Procedure Using a 1,470a??nm Diode Laser Combined With Pit Excision
摘要： Background and Objectives: An ideal treatment for pilonidal disease should feature a low recurrence rate, minimal incision, and rapid return to daily activities. We compared the outcomes of the well‐defined Karydakis technique (KT) and a combination of pit excision (PE) and sinus tract ablation using 1,470‐nm diode laser. Study Design/Materials and Methods: In this study, from January 2016 to January 2018, patients diagnosed with uncomplicated early‐stage pilonidal sinus disease were enrolled and were treated randomly, using KT (n = 28) or a PE/laser ablation technique (PE + LAT; n = 30). Results: The mean operative times were 36.4 (25–45) minutes in the KT group and 15.1 (12–20) minutes in the PE + LAT group. Postoperative Visual Analog Scale pain scores were 4.4 in the KT group and 2.1 in the PE + LAT group. The time periods to return to normal daily activities were 2.6 (1–5) days in the PE + LAT group and 12.8 (10–20) days in the KT group. The mean Likert satisfaction scores were 3.8 in the KT group and 4.8 in the PE + LAT group. The groups did not differ in terms of recurrence. Conclusions: Compared with the KT, the PE + LAT was associated with a shorter operative time, a more rapid return to normal activities, less pain, and a higher level of subjective satisfaction. We found that the PE + LAT was better than the KT for patients with early‐stage disease.
关键词： pilonidal sinus,karydakis,minimally invasive surgery,1,470‐nm diode laser,laser ablation,pit picking
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of Horizontal p-n Junction on Optoelectronics Characteristics in InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with V-shaped Pits
摘要： Two InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without pre-layer were prepared, and both had a similar multi-quantum well (MQW) structure with four green QWs near n-GaN and one blue QW close to p-GaN. The pre-layer established large V-shaped pits in MQWs. In addition to the regular vertical p-n junction along c-axis, a kind of horizontal p-n junction created by n-type MQWs and p-GaN filled in V-shaped pits was introduced. And the effect of the horizontal p-n junction on optoelectronics characteristics, including photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and ??-??, were discussed. The horizontal p-n junction creates a strong horizontal built-in electric field which can effectively separate the photogenerated carriers in the QW close to p-GaN, leading to the absence of photoluminescence from the QW close to p-GaN. The horizontal p-n junction also provides a path for hole injection, which changes the turn-on order of QW, and reduces the voltage of the LED with large V-shaped pits. These results suggest a new thought of analyzing and designing InGaN-based LEDs with V-shaped pits.
关键词： light-emitting diode,V-shaped pit,indium gallium nitride,built-in electric field
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Structural mapping of rock walls imaged with a LiDAR mounted on an unmanned aircraft system
摘要： Structural mapping of rock walls to determine fracture orientation provides critical geological information in support of mining operations. A helicopter-style UAS (rotor diameter 2 m; take-off mass 35 kg; payload mass 11 kg) instrumented with a high-resolution LiDAR imaged a 75 m long and 10-15 m high series of 4 adjacent rock walls at the Canadian Wollastonite mine. A point cloud with a density of 484 point/m2 acquired at an angle of incidence of ~41.7° from a flight altitude of 41.7 m above ground level was selected for structural mapping. The point cloud was first meshed using the Poisson surface reconstruction method, and then remeshed to achieve an even element size distribution. Visualization of the remeshed Poisson mesh using a 360° hue-saturation-lightness colour wheel highlighted areas of higher fracture density, whereas visualization using a 180° colour wheel accentuated sliver-like geological features. Two joint sets were identified at 156/82 and 241/86 (strike/dip in degrees). A total of 18 virtual strike measurements and 13 virtual dip measurements were within 10% of manual compass measurements. This study demonstrated that the task of structural mapping of large rock walls can be automated by processing 3D images acquired with a LiDAR mounted on a UAS.
关键词： rock fractures,open pit mining,airborne LiDAR,unmanned helicopter,3D imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46