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[IEEE 2018 9th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Charlotte, NC, USA (2018.6.25-2018.6.28)] 2018 9th IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - State Space Model of Distributed PV System for Network Voltage Management
摘要： The increasing penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) into the low voltage (LV) network in recent years, poses new challenges for maintaining grid stability and voltage regulation. Recent network codes require PVs to participate in grid support services, especially voltage support. To study the dynamic interactions between PV systems and the LV distribution network within a reasonable simulation time, this paper derives a linear state-space model of a two-stage PV system operating at maximum power point (MPP) with reactive power support capability. The linear state-space model is verified against a detailed component-level PV system in MATLAB/ Simscape Power Systems?. It accurately captures all system dynamics for the small deviations expected in grid support service (GSS) operation and allows large dynamic simulations to be computed 2200 times faster than the full switching model.
关键词： voltage support,photovoltaic (PV) system,linear,State-space
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Prefeasibility techno-economic assessment of a hybrid power plant with photovoltaic, fuel cell and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
摘要： This paper presents a hybrid power generation system comprising of Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC), Gas Turbine (GT), Thermal Energy Storage (TES), Battery (Bat) and a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system. The CAES pressure was considered to be regulated using a water reservoir system located at a suitable height place. The described system was designed to supply the electricity needs of 500 households with peak electricity demand of 500kW. A set up MCFC/GT with power generation rate of 500kW was considered in the calculations, and the PV system capacity was considered to be changed from 100kW to 600kW. The optimal configuration and operational conditions of the system were conducted based on the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) definition as well as the total annual emission that is occurred by the auxiliary fossil fuel boiler and MCFC systems. The results showed that the overall system efficiency would be increased by about 25%, when the CAES is used and the compressor is switched off. Also, the optimal operational pressure of MCFC was found to be 6bar for 2000 number of PVs, 1500kWh of battery storage and CAES capacity of 685m3.
关键词： PV (Photovoltaic),TES (Thermal storage),CAES (compressed air energy system),Fuel based auxiliary system,MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Research on a novel power quality conditioner with PV for electrified railway
摘要： With the fast development of electric railway, harmonics and reactive power problems caused by electric locomotive load remains to be further improved. This paper presents a novel power quality conditioner based on multiple H-bridges with photovoltaic power. The proposed structure utilizes a hybrid cascaded 81-level converter in series with a PWM converter to achieve a high-voltage and large-capacity power quality conditioner, and photovoltaic power connects with the DC bus side of the hybrid cascaded 81-level converter to reduce active consumption for electric railway. The fundamental voltage of the hybrid cascaded 81-level converter is controlled by the traction network. The active component of the PWM converter output current is controlled by DC link voltage of the hybrid cascaded 81-level converter, and its reactive and harmonic components are controlled by reactive and harmonic currents from the load. The system structure, working principle and control method of the novel power quality regulator are analysed. A single-phase traction system simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PQC.
关键词： PWM converter,power quality conditioner,electrified railway,photovoltaic power,hybrid cascaded 81-level converter
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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End-of-life of silicon PV panels: A sustainable materials recovery process
摘要： In this paper, the management of end-of-life PV modules based on an advanced eco-sustainable process has been presented and discussed. The thermal removal of the polymeric compounds contained in c-Si PV modules has been investigated to separate and recover Si, Ag, Cu, Al and glass. A two-step thermal process has been employed. In the first step, the rear polymeric layer has been removed without emissions of dangerous fluorinated substances. In the second step, the remaining polymers have been completely removed with low volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. The polymers degradation has been studied at combustion equivalent ratios U varying from 0.5 to 2 and at 500 °C. The materials recovery has been evaluated from an environmental point of view and optimized by considering the energy cost, through the identification of the best operating conditions, in terms of temperature, time, atmosphere and gas flow. One hour of heat treatment and a slightly oxidizing atmosphere have been enabled to separate and recover the different materials of the module. The elemental compositions of the PV sample and the residue condensed organic products have been determined. The gaseous degradation products have been characterized by gas chromatographic analysis (GC).
关键词： Recycling,Photovoltaic module,Thermal treatment,Polymer removal,Energy consumption
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Exact Solution, Endoreversible Thermodynamics, and Kinetics of the Generalized Shockley-Queisser Model
摘要： We consider the generalized Shockley-Queisser (GSQ) model, which is based on a single assumption that photocarriers and emitted photons are in chemical equilibrium and described by the Boltzmann distribution functions with the same chemical potential. The model takes into account the frequency-dependent absorption (emission), photon trapping and recycling, photocarrier multiplication, and nonradiative recombination processes. For the noninteracting photocarriers, we obtain an exact analytical solution of the GSQ model. We present the conversion e?ciency and other photovoltaic (PV) characteristics in a convenient form via the Lambert W function. Photocarrier multiplication and recombination via three-body Auger processes are also directly included in this formalism. We derive universal formulas for useful energy, thermal losses, and emission losses per absorbed photon. We show that the relation between the maximal conversion e?ciency and the photo-induced chemical potential, obtained by Henry [J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4494 (1980)] for the ideal SQ limit, is also valid in the GSQ model. In the general case of interacting electrons, in particular for the Shockley-Read-Hall processes, the solution is presented in an iterative form. We analyze photocarrier kinetics and derive a general relation between the optimal photocarrier collection time and photocarrier lifetime with respect to all radiative and nonradiative processes. Finally, we analyze ?nite mobility limitations and show that PV devices with photon trapping and recycling provide the fast photocarrier collection required by the GSQ model.
关键词： photocarrier kinetics,photon trapping and recycling,photovoltaic conversion,Lambert W function,generalized Shockley-Queisser model
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT) - Sangamner, India (2018.2.8-2018.2.9)] 2018 International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT) - Optimal Sizing of Battery-Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Device in a Standalone Photovoltaic System
摘要： In standalone renewable energy systems, it is most essential to deploy energy storage devices to compensate for the intermittent and random output power generation. Since the last few years, hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs) composed of two or more energy storage technologies are being adopted in these power systems. In this paper, a standalone photovoltaic system with battery-ultracapacitor HESD has been considered for case study. A suitable problem formulation with the necessary objective function and constraints has been developed for the system. A variant of one of the popular meta-heuristic techniques, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used to address the optimization problem. The simulation results along with the convergence characteristics of the algorithm have been presented. It is observed that the proposed technique can produce comparable results.
关键词： Battery,standalone photovoltaic system,ultracapacitor,hybrid energy storage,particle swarm optimization (PSO)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Cape Town, South Africa (2018.6.28-2018.6.29)] 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Effects of Grass and Concrete Reflective Surface on the Performance of Dual Axis Bifacial Solar PV Systems
摘要： Consumers are shifting towards renewable energy, particularly solar energy, due to the high cost and demand of conventional electricity. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Energy Centre has a vision of creating an Energy Autonomous Campus where the entire energy demand is supplied by renewable energy source. As part of this program, solar PV plants are being installed and commissioned at the Pretoria campus. This paper focuses on comparing two dual axis bifacial PV tracker systems of 11.34 KWp out of the complete installation of 17 tracker systems installed at CSIR. The remaining 15 tracker systems are dual axis of 11.97kWp with mono-C-Si technology. Literature shows that surface underneath the bifacial PV system plays a major role in increasing the amount of incident light reflected to the rear part of the PV trackers, depending on the type of material used such as rough, smooth, hard surfaces and the colour of the surface. The lighter the colour of the surface the better the reflection. This study looked at a grass surface and a grey concrete surface, and it was found that the difference in the power produced is insignificant. It is then concluded that the results are in line with the literature. It is therefore recommended that further studies be carried out to compare these two surfaces to a lighter surface (white).
关键词： Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Energy Centre,Photovoltaic (PV),Tip-Tilt trackers (TTDAT) or Azimuth-Altitude trackers (AADAT)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) - Oshawa, ON (2018.8.12-2018.8.15)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) - Effects of Centralized Battery Storage Placement in Low-Voltage Residential Distribution Networks with High Photovoltaic Penetration
摘要： In this paper, power flow simulation is used to investigate how centralized battery storage can aide in mitigating under-voltage conditions in highly PV penetrated residential network. It also investigates how the placement of the battery storage relates to the rating of the storage used. It is found the reduction in storage rating is quadratically proportional to the distance along the low-voltage distribution feeder.
关键词： photovoltaic generation,voltage regulation,battery storage,low-voltage networks
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Optimizing nanoscale morphology and improving Carrier transport of PCDTBT-PCBM bulk heterojunction by cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents
摘要： In this work, four cyclic carboxylate commercial nucleating agents, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt (HPN-68L), sodium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HHPA-Na), sodium benzoate (Be-Na) and calcium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HPN-20E) were respectively added into poly[N-9’-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4’,7’-di-2-thienyl-2’,1’,3’ benzothiadi-azole)] (PCDTBT)-[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis measurements indicate that the addition of carboxylic acid sodium salts can effectively optimize the morphology of active layer, decrease the phase domain size and increase the optical absorption intensity of PCDTBT-PCBM blends. The PCDTBT-PCBM-additive ternary devices were fabricated and found that adding carboxylic acid sodium salts can improve the hole mobility, balance the hole and electron mobility and finally increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Fixed the additive content as 5%, the modulation ability of the bicyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HPN-68L is best, monocyclic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt HHPA-Na comes second, monocyclic carboxylic acid sodium salt Be-Na is worst. The addition of carboxylic acid calcium salt HPN-20E has no effects on the morphology and optical absorption intensity of the PCDTBT-PCBM blend, and the photoelectric properties of PCDTBT-PCBM-HPN-20E ternary device decreases in comparison with those of pristine PCDTBT-PCBM binary device. The modulation ability of cyclic carboxylate is related to its surface free energy and its location in the PCDTBT-PCBM blend. HPN-68L locates in the interfacial region between PCDTBT and PCBM, other cyclic carboxylates locates in the PCBM. Our finding suggests the addition of cyclic carboxylic acid sodium salts can be a facile approach to optimize the morphology and increase the electrical properties of organic materials for future development of organic photovoltaic devices.
关键词： PCDTBT-PCBM bulk heterojunction,carrier transport,organic photovoltaic devices,cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents,nanoscale morphology
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Capacity allocation of hybrid solar-wind energy system based on discrete probabilistic method
摘要： Complementary renewable energies like wind and solar power may be more su?cient to satisfy reliability requirements. This paper proposes a quantitative capacity allocation method of a hybrid wind and solar energy system. First, discrete probability distributions are established to model the random factors including the volatility of power outputs and the failure of components. Then a multiobjective optimization model is formulated with objectives of minimization of the total investment, the nodal voltages violating limits probability, and power supply inadequacy probability. For the purpose of fast probability computing with a satisfactory precision degree, an innovative probabilistic load ?ow algorithm is introduced, which deals with means and increments of random variables separately and uses cumulants as well as Gram{Charlier series to obtain probabilistic distributions of state variables. A modi?ed parallel elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II is used to search the Pareto optimal con?guration solutions.
关键词： probabilistic load ?ow,photovoltaic,discrete probability distribution,Wind turbine,capacity allocation,NSGA-II,multiobjective optimization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46