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NaCl doped electrochemical PEDOT:PSS layers for inverted perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability
摘要： Perovskite solar cells are experiencing an unprecedented growth and might soon replace the conventional solar technologies. For inverted architecture cells, spin coated (SC) PEDOT:PSS has been widely implemented as hole transport material, but it has still unresolved issues regarding stability and scalability. In this work we deposited PEDOT:PSS layers by an alternative electrochemical (EC) route that offers precise synthesis control, scale-up potential and enhanced cell stability. The EC-PEDOT:PSS layers were deposited on ITO substrates from an aqueous solution of EDOT and NaPSS by cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, NaCl in different concentrations was added to the synthesis solution to tune the redox state of the polymer, as confirmed by UV-vis measurements. Photoluminescence emission spectra of MAPbI3 perovskite deposited on EC- and SC-PEDOT:PSS layers showed that both had a similar charge collection efficiency. Furthermore, SEM images demonstrated that MAPbI3 grew similarly on both films. Finally, inverted perovskite solar cells were fabricated using these layers. The results showed that 0.1 M NaCl doped EC-PEDOT:PSS performed similarly as the SC-PEDOT:PSS, achieving efficiencies as high as 11% and improved fill factors exceeding 80%. Most importantly, the EC-PEDOT:PSS significantly improved the stability of the cells, allowing the devices to maintain 90% of their average efficiency after 15 days.
关键词： Electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS,Perovskite solar cell,Redox state tuning,Stability,Inverted architecture
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Environmental Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies: Assessment of the Status Quo and Future Prospects Based on a Meta-Analysis of Life-Cycle Assessment Studies
摘要： Emerging photovoltaic technologies are expected to have lower environmental impacts during their life cycle due to their extremely thin-film technology and resulting material savings. The environmental impacts of four emerging photovoltaics were investigated based on a meta-analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, comprising a systematic review and harmonization approach of five key indicators to describe the environmental status quo and future prospects. The status quo was analyzed based on a material-related functional unit of 1 watt-peak of the photovoltaic cell. For future prospects, the functional unit of 1 kWh of generated electricity was used, including assumptions on the use phase, notably on the lifetime. The results of the status quo show that organic photovoltaic technology is the most mature emerging photovoltaic technology with a competitive environmental performance, while perovskites have a low performance, attributed to the early stage of development and inefficient manufacturing on the laboratory scale. The results of future prospects identified improvements of efficiency, lifetime, and manufacturing with regard to environmental performance based on sensitivity and scenario analyses. The developed harmonization approach supports the use of LCA in the early stages of technology development in a structured way to reduce uncertainty and extract significant information during development.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,life-cycle assessment,harmonization,Meta-analysis,organic photovoltaic,emerging technology
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Room-Temperature-Processed Amorphous Sn-In-O Electron Transport Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We report amorphous tin-indium-oxide (TIO, Sn fraction: >50 atomic percentage (at%)) thin films as a new electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). TIO thin films with Sn fraction of 52, 77, 83, 92, and 100 at% were grown on crystalline indium-tin-oxide (ITO, Sn fraction: ~10 at%) thin films, a common transparent conducting oxide, by co-sputtering In2O3 and SnO2 at room temperature. The energy band structures of the amorphous TIO thin films were determined from the optical absorbance and the ultraviolet photoelectron spectra. All the examined compositions are characterized by a conduction band edge lying between that of ITO and that of perovskite (here, methylammonium lead triiodide), indicating that TIO is a potentially viable ETL of PSCs. The photovoltaic characteristics of the TIO-based PSCs were evaluated. Owing mainly to the highest fill factor and open circuit voltage, the optimal power conversion efficiency was obtained for the 77 at%-Sn TIO ETL with TiCl4 treatment. The fill factor and the open circuit voltage changes with varying the Sn fraction, despite similar conduction band edges. We attribute these differences to the considerable changes in the electrical resistivity of the TIO ETL. This would have a significant effect on the shunt and/or the series resistances. The TIO ETL can be continuously grown on an ITO TCO in a chamber, as ITO and TIO are composed of identical elements, which would help to reduce production time and costs.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,electron transport layer,electrical property,tin-indium-oxide,band structure,room temperature
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 6th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace) - Johor Bahru, Malaysia (2019.7.28-2019.7.30)] 2019 6th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace) - Integration of NiO Layer as Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A successful integration of inorganic hole transporting material (HTM) for perovskite become one of the major concerns due to the instability issue with organic HTM. Inorganic NiO films as an efficient HTM for the inverted perovskite solar cell has been deposited by electron beam vapor deposition (EBPVD) technique instated of solution process. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) peak of as-deposited substrate corresponding to (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) plane are dominating. The non-stoichiometry (1 1 1) in NiO thin film formation at influence its charge transfer characteristics. The FESEM confirms the successful non-stoichiometric deposition of NiO on FTO glass in an elemental wt% of O2 (15.82) and Ni (23.62). The perovskite structure of solar cells are fabricated Glass/TCO/NiO/Perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag. The deposited perovskite solar cells show higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) 10.80% with short circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.13 (mA cm-2), open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.967 (V), field factor (FF) of 73.83 (%) which also allows thinking of an alternative HTL other than organic HTL for realistic commercial purpose.
关键词： Perovskite solar cell,hole transporting materials,nickel oxide,vapor deposition technique,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hierarchically Anatase TiO2 microspheres composed of tiny octahedra used as mesoporous layer in perovskite solar cells
摘要： In this study, Hierarchically Anatase TiO2(HAT) Microspheres composed of tiny octahedra was prepared by hydrothermal method and introduced to perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Self-assembly linear units can provide better electronic transmission path in HAT.A power conversion efficiency of PSC based on HAT is 15.42%. Surface modification of the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells has been proven to be one crucial strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency. Nb2O5, MgO and Al2O3 were deposited on the HAT surface, respectively. All of HAT films exhibit bigger electrons life span and suppressed charge recombination at the interface of TiO2 /perovskite films in the modified devices as well. As result, a campion power conversion efficiency of PSC based on Nb2O5@HAT could reach to 17.10%
关键词： Hierarchically Anatase TiO2,oxide electrode,Perovskite solar cell,Surface modification
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Unraveling the Structure-Property Relationship of Molecular Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Clarifying the structural basis and microscopic mechanism lying behind electronic properties of molecular semiconductors is of paramount importance in further materials design to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, three conjugated quasi-linear segments of 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-diphenyl-9H-fluorene, and 2,6-diphenyldithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene are end-capped with two bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino groups for structurally simple molecular semiconductors Z1, Z2, and Z3, which crystalline in the monoclinic, triclinic, and monoclinic space groups, respectively. The modes and energies of intermolecular noncovalent interactions in various closely packed dimers extracted from single crystals are computed based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and energy decomposition analysis. Transfer integrals, reorganization energies, and center-of-mass distances in these dimers as well as band structures of single crystals are also calculated to define the theoretical limit of hole transport and microscopic transport pictures. Joint X-ray diffraction and space-charge limiting current measurements on solution-deposited films suggest the dominant role of crystallinity in thin film hole mobility. Photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements show that an enhanced interfacial interaction between perovskite and Z3 could attenuate the adverse impact of reducing the energetic driving force of hole extraction. Our comparative studies show that molecular semiconductor Z3 with a properly aligned HOMO energy level and a high thin film mobility can be employed for efficient perovskite solar cells, achieving a good power conversion efficiency of 20.84%, which is even higher than that of 20.42% for spiro-OMeTAD control.
关键词： charge recombination,perovskite solar cell,molecular crystal,noncovalent interaction,crystallinity,charge transport,organic semiconductor
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Facile RbBr interface modification improves perovskite solar cell efficiency
摘要： High-performance hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSC) is an emerging generation of energy material by virtue of its excellent properties such as wide light absorption range, large electron diffusion length, and small exciting energy. However, to date, methods of perovskite deposition generally do not offer desired film coverage, resulting in the direct interfacial contact, which seriously deteriorates the photovoltaic performance of devices. To improve the interfacial functions of the perovskite layer (PL)/electron transport layer (ETL) of the PSC devices, rubidium bromide (RbBr) is applied as a facile interfacial modifier. It is sandwiched between ETL tin oxide (SnO2) and PL [Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0$83Br0.17)3] to a fabricate a planar PSC. The RbBr modification of the PSC fluorine-doped tin oxide/SnO2/(RbBr)/PL/spiro-OMeTAD/Au (2,20,7,70-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,90-spiro-bifluorene) can reduce the energy barrier at the ETL/PL interface, improve the electronic contact between PL and ETL, and accelerate the electron extraction process. The RbBr modification thus leads to a higher power conversion efficiency of 18.29% for the PSC, as compared with 16.03% without RbBr modification. The facile RbBr modification procedure and significant performance advancement pave the way for future energy studies.
关键词： RbBr,Perovskite solar cell,Electron transport,Interface modification
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) - Kanpur, India (2019.7.6-2019.7.8)] 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT) - An organic-inorganic solar cell with graphene as an electron transport layer: an approach to increase the carrier collection efficiency
摘要： Methyl-Ammonium lead halide based solar cell has shown a tremendous approach to fulfill the energy crisis on the earth for its high efficiency and low manufacturing cost. While there are some other materials which influence the execution of Perovskite sunlight based cell, these materials are nothing but the electron as well as hole transport materials. In this article the behavior and performances of electron transport materials are mostly focused which generally increase the proficiency of Perovskite solar cell by simultaneously increasing the open circuit voltage and short circuit current. The role of graphene as an electron transport material is mainly discussed and also compared with some other metal oxide electron transport material as well as organic-based electron transport material. As keeping graphene as an electron transport material the predicted results of Perovskite solar cell are as follows: - maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 23.42%, short-circuit-current-densit=3.25A/m2,open-circuit-voltage=0.86v,fill factor=0.83au. So graphene-based electron transport material can be the entry for the improvement of Perovskite solar cell.
关键词： electron transport materials,fill factor,efficiency,open circuit voltage,graphene,Perovskite solar cell,short-circuit current density
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Enhanced thermal stability of electron transport layer-free perovskite solar cells via interface strain releasing
摘要： The thermal decomposition of perovskite films on ZnO surfaces is generally believed to originate from specific surface states of ZnO and the impact from the lattice mismatch between ZnO and perovskite films on this process has long been ignored. In this research, the role of lattice mismatch in the thermal degradation process of cesium-containing perovskite films on Al doped ZnO (AZO) is studied. A Ba(OH)2 buffer layer on the surface of AZO is employed to release the lattice mismatch and suppress the thermal degradation of perovskite films resulted from ZnO. Consequently, perovskite films with enhanced thermal stability and crystalline properties are obtained. Meanwhile, the Ba(OH)2 films efficiently passivate the surface trap states and reduce the vacuum level of the AZO surfaces. On this basis, electron transport layer-free perovskite solar cells yield the best efficiency of 18.18% and the thermal stability is obviously improved.
关键词： Lattice mismatch,Perovskite solar cell,Electron transport layer-free,Thermal stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Control of TiO2 electron transport layer properties to enhance perovskite photovoltaics performance and stability
摘要： This study demonstrates the effect of electron collection and transportation for TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) of the mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The influence of compact TiO2 layer (c-TiO2) with various spray cycles, the particle size effect of mesoporous TiO2 (meso-TiO2) film and post-treatment of TiO2 electrode for perovskite solar cells have been studied systematically. We further optimize the meso-TiO2 thickness to enhance the electron collection and transport efficiency and to reduce the anomalous J-V hysteresis phenomenon of PSCs. After adjusting the fabrication process of TiO2 ETL, the highest performance of small cell PSC shows the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.39% in the reverse scan and 19.12% in the forward scan, respectively. A sub-module PSC within an active area of 11.7 cm2 exhibits impressive PCE of 16.03% under the illumination of 100 mW/cm2 (AM1.5G). Moreover, it also shows an outstanding PCE of 25.49% under the illumination of 6000 lx of T5 indoor light source.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,hysteresis behavior,sub-module,TiO2,photovoltaic,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52