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Evaluation of Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy With Low-level Diode Laser in Nonsurgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis
摘要： Introduction: Side effects related to antibiotic therapy for peri-implantitis are rare in laser therapy (LT); therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LT and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on patients with primary peri-implantitis. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 implants presenting primary peri-implantitis in 20 patients with a mean age of 52.6 years old were included using the simple sampling technique. Periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root planing (SRP) was accomplished for the whole mouth while mechanical debridement with titanium curettes and air polishing with sodium bicarbonate powder was accomplished around the implants. The implants were randomly divided into two groups and treated with LT (control) and PDT (test). The clinical indices were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for analysis of microbial samples at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman’s and Mann-Whitney tests (α?= 0.05). Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in terms of bleeding on probing (P < 0.001), probing pocket depth (PPD) (P = 0.006) and modified plaque index (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.022), Tannerella forsythia (P = 0.038) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.05) in the test group and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.015) in the control group significantly decreased. Conclusion: The results suggested that LT and PDT have significant short-term benefits in the treatment of primary peri-implantitis.
关键词： Laser,Photodynamic therapy,Photosensitizer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Combination of Visudyne and a Lipid-Anchored Liposomal Formulation of Benzoporphyrin Derivative Enhances Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy in a 3D Model for Ovarian Cancer
摘要： A major objective in developing new treatment approaches for lethal tumors is to reduce toxicity to normal tissues while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a mechanistically-distinct approach to treat tumors without the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. PDT involves the light-based activation of a small molecule, a photosensitizer (PS), to generate reactive molecular species (RMS) that are toxic to target tissue. Depending on the PS localization, various cellular and subcellular components can be targeted, causing selective photodamage. It has been shown that targeted lysosomal photodamage followed by, or simultaneous with, mitochondrial photodamage using two different PS results in a considerable enhancement in PDT efficacy. Here, two liposomal formulations of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD): 1. Visudyne (clinically-approved) and 2. an in-house formulation entrapping a lipid-conjugate of BPD, are used in combination to direct PS localization to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, enabling simultaneous photodamage to all three organelles using a single wavelength of light. Building on findings by our group, and others, this study demonstrates, for the first time in a 3D model for ovarian cancer, that BPD-mediated photodestruction of lysosomes and mitochondria/ ER significantly enhances PDT efficacy at lower light doses than treatment with either PS formulation alone.
关键词： mitochondrial photodamage,benzoporphyrin derivative,Photodynamic therapy (PDT),liposome,dual photosensitizer,lipid-anchored,lysosomal photodamage,Visudyne,3D tumor model,ovarian cancer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Unveiling Ga(III) phthalocyanine-a different photosensitizer in neuroblastoma cellular model
摘要： Phthalocyanines (Pc) and their metallated derivatives are strongly considered for photodynamic therapy (PDT) possessing unique properties as possible new photosensitizers (PS). We have used toxicological assessments, real‐time monitoring of cellular impedance, and imagistic measurements for assessing the in vitro dark toxicity and PDT efficacy of Ga(III)‐Pc in SHSy5Y neuroblastoma cells. We have established the non‐toxic concentration range of Ga(III)‐Pc, a compound which shows a high intracellular accumulation, with perinuclear distribution in confocal microscopy. By choosing Ga(III)Pc non‐toxic dose, we performed in vitro experimental PDT hampering cellular proliferation. Our proposed Ga(III)‐Pc could complete a future PS panel for neuroblastoma alternate therapy.
关键词： toxicity,gallium(III),photosensitizer,proliferation,tumour,photodynamic therapy,neuroblastoma,viability
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Highly Efficient and Robust Photocatalytic Systems for CO <sub/>2</sub> Reduction Consisting of a Cu(I) Photosensitizer and Mn(I) Catalysts
摘要： The development of highly efficient, selective, and durable photocatalytic CO2 reduction systems that only use earth-abundant elements is key for both solving global warming and tackling the shortage of energy and carbon resources. Here, we successfully developed CO2 reduction photocatalysts using [Cu2(P2bph)2]2+ (CuPS) (P2bph = 4,7-diphenyl-2,9-di(diphenylphosphinotetramethylene)-1,10-phenanthroline) as a redox photosensitizer and fac-Mn(X2bpy)(CO)3Br (Mn(4X)) (X2bpy = 4,4′-X2-2,2′-bipyridine (X = ?H and ?OMe) or Mn(6mes) (6mes = 6,6′-(mesityl)2-2,2′-bipyridne)) as the catalyst. The most efficient photocatalysis was achieved by Mn(4OMe): The total quantum yield of CO2 reduction products was 57%, the turnover number based on the Mn catalyst was over 1300, and the selectivity of CO2 reduction was 95%. Electronic and steric effects of the substituents (X) in the Mn complexes largely affected both the photocatalytic efficiency and the product selectivity. For example, the highest selectivity of CO formation was achieved by using Mn(6mes) (selectivity SCO = 96.6%), whereas the photocatalytic system using Mn(4H) yielded HCOOH as the main product (SHCOOH = 74.6%) with CO and H2 as minor products (SCO = 23.7%, SH2 = 1.7%). In these photocatalytic reactions, CuPS played its role as an efficient and very durable redox photosensitizer, while remaining stable in the reaction solution even after a turnover number of 200 had been reached (the catalyst used had a turnover number of over 1000).
关键词： turnover number,Cu(I) photosensitizer,Mn(I) catalysts,photocatalytic CO2 reduction,earth-abundant elements,quantum yield,product selectivity
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice || Nurses and Pharmacists in Interdisciplinary Team of Health Care Providers in Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Background: The modern treatment is based on wide cooperation between diverse representatives of medical professions. The photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive method of treatment both neoplastic diseases and miscellaneous noncancerous illnesses. It is complementary and competitive in some way to various traditional treatment techniques, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. This review emphasizes the significance of collaboration between specialists engaged in research, development, and practical use of photodynamic therapy. Methods: A literature search of electronic bibliographic databases and scientific publishers was performed. The relevant literature was analyzed to identify articles on the involvement of nurses, pharmacists, physicians, and other representatives in photodynamic therapy treatment. Results: In the photodynamic therapy, the overall success is not only dependent of a single unit. Coordinated actions of representatives possessing expertise in various fields of medical, and natural sciences are necessary both during joint research, development, and during the course of the photodynamic therapy treatment in clinics. Conclusions: The effective interaction between professionals and the division of responsibilities at different stages of therapy can guarantee the successful treatment. During therapy, the most important role belongs to the patient who is responsible for acting in accordance with schedule elaborated by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists.
关键词： hospital pharmacy,nursing,treatment,photodynamic therapy,photosensitizer
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Comparative Study of Tissue Distribution of Chlorin e6 Complexes with Amphiphilic Polymers in Mice with Cervical Carcinoma
摘要： Many photosensitizers, including chlorins, are highly hydrophobic, which makes intravenous administration problematic and affects their delivery to the tumor and uptake in the cells. Moreover, self-aggregation of the photosensitizer in aqueous solution reduces fluorescence quantum yield, triplet state, and singlet oxygen generation, and consequently diminishes photosensitizing activity. To address these issues, it was proposed to use biocompatible water-soluble polymers. However, animal studies of the photosensitizer-polymer systems are still very limited. In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and pluronic F108 were used for dissolution of chlorin e6 (Ce6). Dynamics of accumulation of the formulations in a mouse cervical carcinoma and clearance from normal tissue, drug plasma concentrations and tissue distribution after intravenous injection were investigated. Ce6 alone and clinically used photosensitizer Photoditazine served as a control. The results showed that none of the polymers significantly changed fluorescence kinetics in the tumor. Concentration of the Ce6 formulated with polymers in the tumor tissue was comparable with Photoditazine, but uptake in the skin was less. At the same time, tumor-to-skin ratios of the Ce6-polymer complexes were similar to free Ce6. We concluded that the use of the polymeric formulation is reasonable for fluorescence diagnosis and PDT of cancer.
关键词： Chemical extraction,Amphiphilic polymer,Mouse cervical carcinoma,Photosensitizer,Chlorin e6,PDT,Fluorescence imaging in vivo
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Visible-Light-Driven Conversion of CO2 to CH4 with an Organic Sensitizer and an Iron Porphyrin Catalyst
摘要： Using a phenoxazine-based organic photosensitizer and an iron porphyrin molecular catalyst, we demonstrated photochemical reduction of CO2 to CO and CH4 with turnover numbers (TONs) of 149 and 29, respectively, under visible light irradiation (λ > 435 nm) with a tertiary amine as sacrificial electron donor. This work is the first example of a molecular system using an earth-abundant metal catalyst and an organic dye to effect complete 8e-/8H+ reduction of CO2 to CH4, as opposed to typical 2e-/2H+ products of CO or formic acid. The catalytic system continuously produced methane even after prolonged irradiation up to four days. Using CO as the feedstock, the same reactive system was able to produce CH4 with 85% selectivity, 80 TON and a quantum yield of 0.47%. The redox properties of the organic photosensitizer and acidity of the proton source were shown to play a key role in driving the 8e-/8H+ processes.
关键词： methane,organic photosensitizer,CO2 reduction,iron porphyrin,visible light
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice || Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs light activation of tissue‐localized photosensitizer in an oxygen‐dependent process which initiates oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the activation of a previously administered photosensitizing agent by visible light to induce tumor necrosis. Photosensitizers are topically applied in the treatment of skin tumors to avoid systemic side effects. The main dermatology indications for topical PDT are superficial nonmelanoma skin cancer and dysplasia, notably superficial basal carcinoma (BCC), Bowen's disease (BD), and actinic keratosis (AK). In this chapter, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer (ALA‐PDT) in combination with CO2 laser in the treat‐ment of dermatological disease from basics to clinic research.
关键词： photosensitizer,photodynamic therapy,Bowen's disease,actinic keratosis,aminolevulinic acid
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection || Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Treatment
摘要： Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases next only to cardiovascular diseases spread all around the globe, and it is the third most fatal disease in India. Environmental factors such as chemicals, UV light, tobacco products, X-rays, viruses, and disturbance in oncogenes are the factors which induce mutations that are inheritable and result in cancer. PDT comprises of three essential components: photosensitizer (PS), light, and oxygen. Oxygen in the form of reactive oxygen species can be toxic and may lead to cell death via necrosis or apoptosis. PDT is a two-stage procedure. Administration of a light-sensitive PS is followed by irradiation of tumor loci with a light of appropriate wavelength. This chapter describes about oncogenes and role of photodynamic therapy in treatment of oncogenes.
关键词： Cancer and light,Photosensitizer,Oncogenes,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Nucleus‐targeted organoiridium‐albumin conjugate for photoactivated cancer therapy
摘要： A novel organoiridium-albumin bioconjugate (Ir1-HSA) was synthesized via reaction of a pendant maleimide ligand with human serum albumin. The phosphorescence of Ir1-HSA was enhanced significantly compared to parent complex Ir1. The long phosphorescence lifetime and high 1O2 quantum yield of Ir1-HSA are highly favourable properties for photodynamic therapy. Ir1-HSA mainly accumulated in the nucleus of living cancer cells and showed remarkable photocytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and tumor spheroids (light IC50; 0.8-5 μM, photo-cytotoxicity index PI = 40-60) while remaining non-toxic to normal cells and normal cell spheroids, even after photo-irradiation. This nucleus-targeting organoiridium-albumin is a strong candidate photosensitizer for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
关键词： Albumin,Organoiridium,Photosensitizer,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14