- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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[SpringerBriefs in Energy] Grid Parity and Carbon Footprint (An Analysis for Residential Solar Energy in the Mediterranean Area) ||
摘要： In the context of global warming, big cities’ atmosphere is always more contaminated and natural disasters in augmentation, solar energy, and more generally renewable energies are sources of great enthusiasm. Besides, thanks to recent improvements in technologies, the costs of photovoltaic (PV) have strongly declined in the last decades and are now accessible for particulars. The purpose of this project is then to study the economic profitability of solar energy for a residential use. A common and appropriate tool for this is the grid parity. This term, largely used in the literature, refers to the moment when producing electricity from solar modules will have the same cost than buying it from the grid. Grid parity depends mainly on the geographic position (as solar irradiation is very different from a place to another) and on the local electricity price. Consequently, a country with expensive electricity and a high rate of irradiation is more likely to reach grid parity soon. In the present study, the geographic framework chosen is the Mediterranean area, which includes countries with similar climates but with other differences sufficiently important to obtain interesting comparative results. The PV system used in the following model is a basic one since it does not include energy storage or resale to the grid, which gives a conservative perspective to the study. Extensive financial analysis is conducted in order to determine under which conditions it is the most profitable. The secondary objective is to evaluate the environmental impact of solar energy, mainly by carrying out carbon footprint analysis. It basically consists in comparing the emissions released by the manufacturing process of the modules to the reduction obtained thanks to its utilization. This study is first realized at an individual level and, then, is generalized at a national one in order to measure what could be the contribution of a massive investment in residential solar energy to the Paris agreement objectives.
关键词： Mediterranean area,Carbon footprint,Residential solar energy,Economic profitability,Environmental impact,Photovoltaic energy,Grid parity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 38th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVIII) - San Salvador, El Salvador (2018.11.7-2018.11.9)] 2018 IEEE 38th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXVIII) - Sombreamiento de terrenos compartidos: plantas solares fotovoltaicas y cultivos Shared Fields Shading: Solar Power Plants and Crops
摘要： There is a global increasing trend to install fixed photovoltaic (PV) power plants on the ground. Its environmental impact compels us to think about other options on how to handle the soil use. This research examines a combination of a power plant and a secondary product, like a crop that actually requires shading to grow or improve its output. This kind of mix (PV&crops) is already under research, but no research initiative under the same focus was found in Latin America. This article reviews the traditional systems applied in agriculture to provide shading to crops (shade net and agroforestry), they are compared with a solar photovoltaic plant installed over the crop, and possible benefits are analyzed. Also, regional crops were studied where shading of a photovoltaic plant could provide benefits, a study of the final radiation distribution of a test plant was done. This research is part of an effort to establish value on new sustainable techniques in order to reduce the environmental impact of a photovoltaic power plant.
关键词： crops,shared use,soil use,photovoltaic energy,solar plant
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production
摘要： This paper addresses the energy management of a standalone renewable energy system. The system is configured as a microgrid, including photovoltaic generation, a lead-acid battery as a short term energy storage system, hydrogen production, and several loads. In this microgrid, an energy management strategy has been incorporated that pursues several objectives. On the one hand, it aims to minimize the amount of energy cycled in the battery, in order to reduce the associated losses and battery size. On the other hand, it seeks to take advantage of the long-term surplus energy, producing hydrogen and extracting it from the system, to be used in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A crucial factor in this approach is to accommodate the energy consumption to the energy demand and to achieve this, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed. In this context, proper models for solar estimation, hydrogen production, and battery energy storage will be presented. Moreover, the controller is capable of advancing or delaying the deferrable loads from its prescheduled time. As a result, a stable and efficient supply with a relatively small battery is obtained. Finally, the proposed control scheme has been validated on a real case scenario.
关键词： model predictive control,standalone renewable energy systems,hydrogen,fuel cells,solar photovoltaic energy,deferrable loads,demand side management
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Strategic integration of vehicle-to-home system with home distributed photovoltaic power generation in Shanghai
摘要： The energy utilization optimization strategies in a smart house without and with vehicle to home (V2H) and/or home distributed photovoltaic (HDPV) in Shanghai are investigated in detail for the efficient household energy utilization and the reduction of net electricity expenditure. Such influences as EV travel distances, weather conditions and different PV subsidies are also taken into account. The results show that transferring valley electricity and PV by V2H can not only improve the utilization rate of valley electricity and PV, but also obtain considerable economic benefits. Transferring PV by V2H can get more revenues than transferring valley electricity by V2H. The energy arbitrage of V2H decreases with the increase of the EV travel distance. The HDPV-V2H mode in the case studied can completely cover the electricity demand of the household load in sunny and cloudy days without additional grid electricity while the combination of PV with transferred valley electricity by V2H is enough to support the household load demand in rainy days. The positive return of HDPV still can’t do without the support from government’s subsidy in Shanghai in the coming time. However, the HDPV-V2H mode can improve the benefit of HDPV. Meanwhile, there are a lot of EVs in Shanghai, charging with green power in priority. The HDPV-V2H mode can promote the synergetic development of HDPV and EVs in Shanghai.
关键词： Net electricity expenditure,Home distributed photovoltaic,Energy utilization optimization,Vehicle to home,Photovoltaic subsidy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Future evolution of surface solar radiation and photovoltaic potential in Europe: investigating the role of aerosols
摘要： In recent decades, trends in photovoltaic (PV) technology deployment have shown an overall increase across the world. Comprehensive knowledge of the solar resource and its future evolution is demanded by the energy sector. Solar resource and PV potential have been estimated in several studies using both the global climate model (GCM) and regional climate model (RCM), revealing a GCM–RCM discrepancy in the projected change over Europe. An increase in surface solar radiation (SSR) (and therefore in PV potential production) is projected by GCMs, whereas most RCM simulations project a decrease in SSR over Europe. In this work, we investigate the role of aerosol forcing in RCMs as a key explaining factor of this inconsistency. The results show that RCM simulations including evolving aerosols agree with GCMs in the sign and amplitude of the SSR change over Europe for mid-21st century projections (2021–2050 compared to 1971–2000 for representative concentration pathway climate change scenario RCP8.5). The opposite signal is projected by the rest of the RCMs. The amplitude of the changes likely depends on the RCM and on its aerosol forcing choice. In terms of PV potential, RCMs including evolving aerosols simulate an increase, especially in summer for Central and Eastern Europe, with maximum values reaching +10% in some cases. This study illustrates the key role of the often-neglected aerosol forcing evolution in RCMs. It also suggests that it is important to be very careful when using the multi-model Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) projections for solar radiation and related variables, and argues for the inclusion of aerosol forcing evolution in the next generation of CORDEX simulations.
关键词： regional climate modeling,photovoltaic future projections,aerosols,photovoltaic energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Data-Sets for Indoor Photovoltaic Behavior in Low Lighting Conditions
摘要： Analysis of voltage–current behavior of photovoltaic modules is a critical part of their modeling. Parameter identification of these models demands data from them, measured in realistic environments. In spite of advancement in modeling methodologies under solar lighting, few analyses have been focused on indoor photovoltaics. Lack of accurate and reproducible data as a major challenge in this field is addressed here. A high accuracy measurement setup for evaluation and analysis of indoor photovoltaic modules is explained. By use of this system, different modules are measured under diverse environmental conditions. These measurements are structured in data-sets that can be used for either analysis of physical environment effects and modeling or development of specific parameter identification methods in low light intensity conditions.
关键词： photovoltaic,energy harvesting,light measurement,low light intensity,indoor lighting
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Passivating contacts and tandem concepts: Approaches for the highest silicon-based solar cell efficiencies
摘要： The efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion is a decisive factor for low-cost electricity from renewable energies. In recent years, the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells in mass production has increased annually by about 0.5–0.6%abs per year. In order to maintain this development speed, new technologies must be developed and transferred to industrial production. After the transition from full area Al back surface field cells to passivated emitter and rear contact cells, passivating contacts are an important step to get as close as possible to the efficiency limit of single junction Si solar cells. The theoretical background and the two prominent technologies for passivating contacts are presented and discussed. After implementing passivating contacts, the fundamental limit of single junction Si solar cells of 29.4% is in reach. Multi-junction solar cells are the most promising option to achieve efficiencies greater than 30%. Tandem technologies based on crystalline silicon as bottom cells have the advantage that they are based on a mature technology established on a gigawatt scale and can partially use the existing production capacity. In addition, silicon has an ideal bandgap for the lower subcell of a tandem solar cell. The two most promising material candidates for the top cell, i.e., III/V and perovskites, will be discussed. The presented technology routes show that silicon is able to maintain its outstanding position in photovoltaics in the coming years.
关键词： perovskites,multi-junction solar cells,III/V,photovoltaic energy conversion,passivating contacts,tandem technologies,crystalline silicon solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Research on Energy Storage Optimization Control Strategy of Renewable Energy Microgrid System
摘要： Aiming at the operation control strategy of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid system. According to the “self-generated self-use, excess electricity sent to grid” mode, this paper proposes an economic optimization operation control strategy that can considering the cost of energy storage system in real time. The simulation verification the strategy can be used. The energy storage system has two working modes, a grid- connected mode and an independent mode. A seamless energy storage converter mode switching control technique is proposed, and the experimental results are given to verify the correctness of the theory. In response to the time-of-use price, the self-adjusting control strategy can achieve better economic operation benefits. The historical data of a practical project case in a characteristic town in Qinghai was used to simulate the whole year operational status of the strategy. The results show that the proposed strategy can greatly improve the life of energy storage system. And strategy can make the photovoltaic energy storage microgrid system achieve better operating income.
关键词： Photovoltaic,Photovoltaic energy storage microgrid,Seamless switching,Energy storage,SOC optimization
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - Harbin, China (2019.8.11-2019.8.14)] 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) - A Self-Adaptive Control Strategy to Suppress Fluctuation of Distributed Photovoltaic Energy in Microgrids with Combined Heat and Power System
摘要： In order to improve the ability of consuming photovoltaic energy, a self-adaptive control strategy to stabilize the fluctuation of renewable energy based on heat pump and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has been proposed in micro-grids. The power self-adaptive control strategy uses a hierarchical structure. It is the long time and short time control scales. The previous, also the upper layer, is the electro- thermal coupling control layer. The last is the low-level power control. The upper layer adopts the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique and makes the photovoltaic energy composed into low, medium and high frequency components. The fluctuations of low frequency are suppressed via a heat pump. Besides, this layer also considers the hot demand of terminal users to correct the output of heat pump. HESS suppresses the residual power fluctuations on the basis of power adaptive delivery strategy. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed strategy can achieve the optimal coordination of electric and heat energy flow and enhance the micro-grid control flexibility and complementary economy.
关键词： HESS,EMD,photovoltaic energy,hierarchical structure,self-adaptive
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Case Study Comparison Between Photovoltaic And Fossil Generation Based On Direct Current Hybrid Microgrids To Power A Service Building
摘要： The objective of this paper is to make a minutely comparison between 3 different DC microgrids by addressing their most outstanding advantages and disadvantages not only in technical terms, but also regarding other performance related aspects, such as a) measurement of the quality of the electrical supply of the facilities, b) reliability, and c) economic and environmental impact. Results show that in the best case, for all the microgrids, the accuracy of the measurements is around 99.45 %, with a weighted average of voltage applied to the load of 24.54 V. The building studied was reimagined into an autonomous and self-sustaining installation by using renewable electric power in direct current with a power distribution on 24 V. Additionally, the systems developed show a potential of greenhouse gas recovery close to 35.05 tCO2 per year, with a return of investment of 7 years for the renewable-based microgrid and 3 years return for the traditional microgrid. The novelty of this paper relies on the performance comparison of 3 different types of direct current microgrids, one grid-powered (A) based on traditional fuel generation, and two off-grid (B & C) based on photovoltaic energy generation, when feeding a building of considerable size and low operational flexibility.
关键词： DC-microgrid,Building integration,Photovoltaic energy,Commercial network,Renewable generation,Standalone system
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59