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Sensitivity analysis and optimization of a compressed air energy storage (CAES) system powered by a photovoltaic plant to supply a building
摘要： One of the handicaps of the large-scale integration of solar energy is due to its variability and its intermittency. The main way to overcome this issue is the energy storage technology. Knowing the high cost of batteries and their impact on the environment, we simulate a storage system based on compressed air and acting as a battery system. The CAES consists in storing the air at a high pressure in a tank during the period when the energy source is abundant, i.e., cheap, or when the energy demand is low. The compressed air is later expanded through an air turbine which generates electricity during the high demand periods, i.e. when the energy source becomes very expensive for instance. This system could be used for decentralized electricity supply or in an area with no electric grid. In order to evaluate the feasibility of a Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled to a photovoltaic plant and a building that represents a reduced power demand, a numerical model that reflects the instant behaviour has been built. The system is composed of a photovoltaic power plant, an air compression system, a storage vessel, an expansion module, a power grid and a building. The inputs used are, on the one hand, the climate data such as ambient temperature and the global solar irradiation and, on the other hand, the load curve of a building or of the group of buildings, which has to be supplied by electricity. The overall system optimization has then been performed after having done a sensitivity analysis of the key parameters. This optimization allows us to find the most suitable size for each component of the system: compressor, tank size and photovoltaic area.
关键词： Smart grid,Energy storage,intermittency,photovoltaic,Renewable energy,Compressed air
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Establishment and analysis of micro-net model considering the enhancement of photovoltaic power utilization for air-source heat pump
摘要： Since the stability of the power grid and the quality of electricity supply can be affected, the intermittent and unpredictable features make the renewable energy generation cannot be absorbed by the power grid easily and completely. “Abandoning the wind and solar power” phenomenon also becomes more serious in recent years. As an efficient thermoelectric conversion device, the heat pump system can couple thermal energy and electricity to eliminate excess electricity of the system theoretically. However, the influence of the heat pump technology on the microgrid system which needs to be analysed case by case lacks a unified evaluation method. Therefore, based on the Energy PLAN, an energy microgrid model of an ecological region in Qingdao is established to study the impact on the renewable energy integration and the enhancement of renewable energy utilization through applying the air-source heat pump system. The simulation results showed that the maximum photovoltaic penetration rate in the region is 19.23% initially. After applying the air-source heat pump, the photovoltaic capacity corresponding to the critical point of 100% renewable energy utilization is in direct proportion to the heat pump capacity. Additionally, the maximum photovoltaic penetrations can reach 25%. In this paper, we also propose relevant suggestions for the designing and building of the micro-net energy system.
关键词： photovoltaic power,air-source heat pump,Energy PLAN,microgrid,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: History, Components, Configuration, and Working Principle
摘要： The ever-growing human population requires the consumption of energy in various forms, and therefore researchers in energy field focus on energy harvesting from various sources. The nonrenewable energy sources such as fossil fuels are running out, which cannot be replenished in our life time. The nonrenewable energy sources are carbon-based fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas that emits greenhouse gases (for example carbon dioxide) that cause global warming, a serious threat to the world and mankind. At present, worldwide around three-fourth of the electricity is obtained from the nonrenewable sources that cannot be reused or recycled [1]. Many countries such as Japan, China, France, Ukraine, and India depend on nuclear power stations for the production of electricity and also they are facing several harmful issues from these power plants that lead to environmental pollution [2]. Therefore, the focus of scientists mainly rely on the renewable energy-based energy conversion devices. Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal are some of the examples of renewable energy resources available in our earth. Of these, solar energy is an important source of renewable energy, which is available throughout a day all over the year, basically inexhaustible in nature. In case of solar energy, radiation obtained from the sunlight is capable of producing heat and light, causes photochemical reactions, and generates electricity. As the electricity becomes a first and foremost basic need for the mankind, this impressive energy source can be utilized for the conversion of solar to electrical energy using solar cell technology. The strength of solar energy is magnanimous as it provides us about 10 000 times more energy that is higher than the world’s daily need of energy consumption [1]. The earth receives such a huge amount of energy every day, we are fortunate to harness it using suitable solar cell technologies. Regrettably, though solar energy is free of cost, the highly expensive technologies required for its conversion and storage which limit the technology to reach the wider community.
关键词： Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,photoanode,TiO2,solar energy,dyes,photovoltaic effect,DSSCs,counter electrode,renewable energy,electrolytes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photovoltaic Solar Technologies: Solution to Affordable, Sustainable, and Reliable Energy Access for All in Rwanda
摘要： Despite remarkable economic growth and development in recent decades, Rwanda has been still facing energy crises and challenges. Although the country has considerable energy assets, less than 10% is utilized for its local electricity needs. Currently, national installed generation capacity is estimated at 221 MW, for a population around 12 million, and electricity access is estimated at 51% (37% grid and 14% off-grid networks). About half the population is without electricity access while the grid-connected users face high electricity tariffs and frequent power outages (blackouts). The national grid itself is also experiencing high losses. This paper used the HOMER software for modeling the optimal, sustainable, reliable, and affordable photovoltaic solar technologies as energy solutions for all (off-grid and on-grid users) in Rwanda. The selection and recommendation of a suitable photovoltaic (PV) solar technology depend on its annual electricity production capacity, electrical load, renewable energy penetration percentage, economic viability, feasibility, affordability, carbon footprint, and greenhouse gas emission level for climate change considerations towards a clean and greener future. The results show that the least cost of energy (LCOE) for electricity production by each of the solar PV systems with storage, PV-grid-connected household, and PV-grid connection with storage was 67.5%, 56.8%, and 33.9%, respectively, lower than the normal electricity tariff in Rwanda. The PV systems with storage proposed in this paper could be effective in increasing national energy resource exploitation, providing affordable and reliable energy access to all citizens.
关键词： photovoltaic solar technologies,HOMER software,renewable energy,energy access,Rwanda
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An algorithm for designing a cooling system for photovoltaic panels
摘要： Solar energy is an abundant source of energy for generating electricity. One of the main challenges in using solar energy is that solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are typically used in regions where solar radiation is high; consequently, the temperature of the panels will increase, and the efficiency of the panels will decrease. Adding cooling tubes to the PV panel is a possible approach to cool it down. To design such cooling systems, CFD simulations may be used; however, this approach tends to be time-consuming. In this paper, we report a new algorithm for designing straight cooling tubes. The algorithm can be used to determine important design parameters such as tube center-to-center length, diameter of the tube, and the minimum tube length needed to achieve a desired outlet temperature. The accuracy of the algorithm was tested using real-world data (including various ambient temperatures and solar radiations) and the maximum temperature difference between desired outlet temperature and CFD simulation for the designed cooling system was found to be 1.7oK.
关键词： Solar energy,Conjugated heat transfer,Design algorithm,Renewable energy,PVT,Cooling system
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Extracting issues significant to valuing electricity from small photovoltaic systems using quantitative content analysis
摘要： The feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme for small photovoltaic (PV) systems is fast approaching its closure or expiration in many countries. One of the issues after the closure of the FIT will be to determine the selling price of the surplus PV generation, for which valuing the surplus PV generation is essential. This study extracted issues significant to valuing electricity from PV systems by using quantitative content analysis in four states in Australia, where the local economic regulator conventionally estimates the value. Through quantitative content analysis, the region-specific issues relevant to each state were extracted. For example, forecast of wholesale price is the most significant issue in Victoria, where the methodology was not clear and the avoided wholesale cost tends to be overestimated. Similarly, in New South Wales and Queensland, merit order effect was the most significant issue among the stakeholders, where PV installation was higher than that in the other states. Thus, the proposed analysis method can be used to extract the issues relevant to valuing the electricity from PV generation.
关键词： Electricity tariff,Photovoltaic system,Feed in tariff,Energy policy,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An Evaluation of the Effect on the Expansion of Photovoltaic Power Generation According to Renewable Energy Certificates on Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of the Korean Renewable Energy Market
摘要： As part of efforts to cope with climate change, countries around the world have decided to supply photovoltaic (PV) power. However, since the integration of PV affects the reliability and stability of a power system, increasing the penetration of PV generation requires better system flexibility. For this reason, many countries have recently established policies to disseminate energy storage systems (ESS). In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of policies regarding ESS as a way to increase PV integration. We analyzed whether the policies were effective in spreading ESS to eventually increase PV integration. To do this, we first described the Korean government’s policy of establishing a profit structure for ESS through the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) market and analyzed its effects on economic feasibility. We also analyzed how much the investment in ESS for PV integration has risen and assessed the contribution of spreading ESS to disseminate PV power. We found that ESS for the integration of PV have grown to a 41.0% share of Korea’s ESS market in kW, and 32.8% in kWh, while expanding the PV market by 13.7%.
关键词： energy storage system,policy effectiveness evaluation,photovoltaic generation integration,renewable energy certificate,economic feasibility analysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - A Monitoring and Management System for Medium-Scale Photovoltaic Plants
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) energy use is growing fast all over the world, due to new policies to reduce the application of fossil fuels. However, for achieving higher ef?ciency in the Renewable Power Plants (RPP), some Monitoring and Management System (MMS) are required, aiming to ?nd the optimal operating conditions for the system. The main goal of a monitoring system is to evaluate the RPP’s performance, throughout its operating time. In the same way, a management system aims to administrate and act over the system, in order to maximize its performance. In this scenario, the main objective of this paper is the proposition of one MMS, which focuses speci?cally on micro-generation (medium-scale), creating the possibility for ?nal users and for Electric Utility Companies monitoring and operating plant parameters. In order to achieve that, electrical and environmental variables are monitored and computationally analyzed, producing instantaneous and historical data, allowing to estimate the plant ef?ciency and some actions over the plant’s parameters, such as the power factor through the power inverter. We present the initial results of this MMS including a detailed description of each stage of the system, calibration procedures and a short-period monitoring, showing the feasibility of the proposal in a reduced PV plant of 5kW.
关键词： Monitoring and Management Systems,Renewable Energy,Photovoltaic Systems
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Investigations of the instantaneous performance of a solar chimney power plant installed in Aswan using IoT
摘要： Although solar chimney power plant (SCPP) has a promising potential to convert the solar energy to electric power, greater efforts are needed to ensure its successful commercialisation on a large scale. The main obstacles with regard to the large-scale applications of SCPP are its efficiency, bulk size and dependency on solar irradiation. A comprehensive study on the integration of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) as a novel technique to monitor and hence improve its performance is presented. A small-scale SCPP is designed and constructed specifically for this purpose in Aswan, Egypt. The instantaneous performance parameters (temperature, solar intensity, wind speed, open circuit voltage, power etc.) were measured and further processed using IoT. The results show that IoT has a promising potential to enhance the performance of the system by providing a complete picture of the whole measurements. This is considered as a step forward for enhancing the technologies which will ensure the success of large-scale SCPP in the real world.
关键词： solar chimney power plant,performance monitoring,renewable energy,Internet-of-Things
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Development of a longevous two-species biophotovoltaics with constrained electron flow
摘要： Microbial biophotovoltaics (BPV) offers a biological solution for renewable energy production by using photosynthetic microorganisms as light absorbers. Although abiotic engineering approaches, e.g., electrode modification and device optimization, can enhance the electrochemical communication between living cells and electrodes, the power densities of BPV are still low due to the weak exoelectrogenic activity of photosynthetic microorganisms. Here, we develop a BPV based on a D-lactate mediated microbial consortium consisting of photosynthetic cyanobacteria and exoelectrogenic Shewanella. By directing solar energy from photons to D-lactate, then to electricity, this BPV generates a power density of over 150 mW·m?2 in a temporal separation setup. Furthermore, a spatial-temporal separation setup with medium replenishment enables stable operation for over 40 days with an average power density of 135 mW·m?2. These results demonstrate the electron flow constrained microbial consortium can facilitate electron export from photosynthetic cells and achieve an efficient and durable power output.
关键词： biophotovoltaics,electron flow,microbial consortium,cyanobacteria,renewable energy,D-lactate,Shewanella
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22