摘要： The ever-growing human population requires the consumption of energy in various forms, and therefore researchers in energy field focus on energy harvesting from various sources. The nonrenewable energy sources such as fossil fuels are running out, which cannot be replenished in our life time. The nonrenewable energy sources are carbon-based fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas that emits greenhouse gases (for example carbon dioxide) that cause global warming, a serious threat to the world and mankind. At present, worldwide around three-fourth of the electricity is obtained from the nonrenewable sources that cannot be reused or recycled [1]. Many countries such as Japan, China, France, Ukraine, and India depend on nuclear power stations for the production of electricity and also they are facing several harmful issues from these power plants that lead to environmental pollution [2]. Therefore, the focus of scientists mainly rely on the renewable energy-based energy conversion devices. Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal are some of the examples of renewable energy resources available in our earth. Of these, solar energy is an important source of renewable energy, which is available throughout a day all over the year, basically inexhaustible in nature. In case of solar energy, radiation obtained from the sunlight is capable of producing heat and light, causes photochemical reactions, and generates electricity. As the electricity becomes a first and foremost basic need for the mankind, this impressive energy source can be utilized for the conversion of solar to electrical energy using solar cell technology. The strength of solar energy is magnanimous as it provides us about 10 000 times more energy that is higher than the world’s daily need of energy consumption [1]. The earth receives such a huge amount of energy every day, we are fortunate to harness it using suitable solar cell technologies. Regrettably, though solar energy is free of cost, the highly expensive technologies required for its conversion and storage which limit the technology to reach the wider community.