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Electric field assisted spray coated lead free bismuth iodide perovskite thin film for solar cell application
摘要： Solution-processed Methylammonium iodo bismuthate (MBI) perovskite solar cell is fabricated by spray technique with changed applied voltages from 0 to 1000 V during the deposition of MBI thin film. The morphology and surface roughness of MBI films are influenced significantly by the electric field during film deposition. It is attributed to improve the atomization of spray droplets due to process of coulomb fission. The surface roughness of MBI film is reduced from 39 to 19 nm with increased applied voltages during the deposition from 0 V and 1000 V, respectively. A strong absorption band is observed ～500 nm for all MBI films. The MBI perovskite solar cell is showed enhancement in the efficiency with the maximum current density 2.33 mA/cm2 at 1000 V applied voltage during the deposition. The improvement in photovoltaic characteristics with applied voltage during the film deposition is attributed to the formation of more uniform film with improved surface morphology and roughness, resulting in efficient electron transfer and reduced recombination of charge carrier at grain boundaries.
关键词： Methyl ammonium bismuth (III) iodide,Spray deposition,Perovskite solar cell,Electric filed,Lead free perovskite
更新于2025-11-21 11:18:25
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Time stability of carbon nanotube gas sensors
摘要： In this communication, we report on the long-term stability of a carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film based NH3 gas sensor. These sensors were fabricated with a reproducible, large-scale, low-cost spray deposition process and are examined in terms of NH3 sensitivity and long-term stability. The devices are measured directly after fabrication; 1-year and 4-years post fabrication while being stored in ambient conditions without further encapsulation. The retainment of up to 96% of response demonstrates the stability of such CNT-based devices. Hence, it solves a critical issue for stepping beyond the proof of concept stage. Not only can CNT-based gas sensors be utilized for years, but such sensors also do not require any special recalibration over the years.
关键词： single-walled,NH3,CNT,aging,spray deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Sharp phase-separated interface of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene/polystyrene blend films prepared by electrostatic spray deposition
摘要： In this study, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on blend films comprising 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) and polystyrene (PS) were fabricated. The blend films were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). A vertically phase-separated structure (TIPS pentacene (top)/PS (bottom)) can be spontaneously formed without additional treatments such as solvent-vapor annealing, which is significantly different from the blend with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Due to the sharp phase-separated interface, OFETs based on the TIPS pentacene/PS blend films exhibited superior characteristics and operational stability.
关键词： Organic field-effect transistor,Small molecule/polymer blend,Electrostatic spray deposition,Vertical phase separation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Light and pressure sensors based on PVDF with sprayed and transparent electrodes for self-powered wireless sensor nodes
摘要： In this work, we report on the fabrication of light and pressure sensors based on the piezo-and pyro material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition to the operation as sensors, the presented devices are characterized as energy harvesters. To form an electrical connection to the 39 μm thick PVDF foil, solution-based and transparent electrode (TE) materials such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are utilized and compared with commercial aluminum electrodes on polymer substrate. We show that the performance with regard to sensitivity and generated output power of the TE-PVDF devices outperforms the one for the aluminum foil devices. For the piezo- and pyroelectric effect, a pressure and light sensitivity of 3.6 mV/Pa and 42 V cm2/W, respectively, are measured. The maximum RMS power for the piezo- and pyro effect yield to 1 μW and 0.42 μW, respectively, for an active PVDF area of 8 cm2. At the end of this contribution, we show that this power suffices to drive an energy autarkic wireless sensor node (WSN) that is capable of measuring and transmitting an analog sensor signal using ultra-low power components. This application contributes substantially to the notion of the internet of things (IoT) since paramount aspects such as wireless technology, embedded electronics, and environmental sensor data together with an ultra-low power management are addressed.
关键词： wireless sensor nodes,PEDOT:PSS,WSN,Internet of Things,IoT,spray deposition,energy harvesting,silver nanowires,transparent electrodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Scalable Deposition of Nanomaterial-Based Temperature Sensors for Transparent and Pervasive Electronics
摘要： This work presents a comparative analysis of materials for planar semitransparent thermocouples fabricated by spray deposition on a flexible substrate. Three different materials are employed to build such devices, analyzing also the effect of the spray order in their final performance. The highest Seebeck coefficient (50.4 μV/K) is found for a junction made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on top of silver nanowires (AgNWs) whereas its efficiency in terms of power is the lowest because of the higher sheet resistance of the CNTs. In this case, the best combination for energy-harvesting purposes would be poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and AgNWs, with a power factor of 219 fW/K2. These results prove the feasibility of developing large-scale and cost-effective thermocouples that could be used for sensing or energy-harvesting applications.
关键词： spray deposition,thermocouples,PEDOT:PSS,carbon nanotubes,Seebeck coefficient,silver nanowires,energy harvesting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Controlled optoelectronic properties and abrupt change in photosensitivity by suppressing density of oxygen vacancies in SnO <sub/>2</sub> nanocrystalline thin films prepared at various spray-deposition temperatures
摘要： Nanostructured SnO2 thin films were synthesized at various substrate temperatures using a modified chemical spray pyrolysis (MCSP) technique. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the presence of a rutile SnO2 with tetragonal structure for all the resultant film samples. The XRD results ascertained increase in the grain growth rate and consequent enhancement in crystallinity with increasing the spray-deposition temperature. The optical spectroscopic analysis revealed a significant increase in the optical transmission within the visible region as well as a considerable increase in the optical bandgap by increasing the deposition temperature. However, the spectral distribution of the absorption coefficient ascertained the dominance of direct allowed transition for the SnO2 film samples. The analysis of the current-voltage characteristic curves revealed that the variation of the spray-deposition temperature strongly influences the photosensitivity of the film samples. Based on the electrical results, these film samples reveal a semiconductor behaviour of the transport property over the entire investigated range of the working temperature, with two different conduction mechanisms. The optical and electrical results were combined to evaluate the influence of varying the deposition temperature on the figure of merit (FOM) factor for the SnO2 film samples.
关键词： MCSP technique,optical spectroscopic analysis,electrical transport properties,figure of merit,structural properties,spray deposition temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Microwave assisted synthesis of CuInGaSe2 quantum dots and spray deposition of their composites with graphene oxide derivatives
摘要： In this contribution, we explore a spray deposition technique to prepare thin films based on nanocomposites of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with CuInGaSe2 quantum dots (QD) synthesized by a microwave-assisted method. Small nanocrystals in the tetragonal phase and emitting light at 650 nm were obtained. Water-based solutions of the nanocomposites were sprayed onto transparent conductive glass substrates using an automated ultrasonic spray system and the resulting thin films were evaluated with respect to their morphological and electrochemical properties. The distribution and organization of the graphene sheets in the composites were affected by the interaction between the nanocrystals and GO or rGO, which also interfered on the electronic properties. In addition, we demonstrated a possible application of the thin film based on the rGO-QD composite as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells.
关键词： copper indium gallium selenide,dye-sensitized solar cell,graphene oxide,microwave assisted synthesis,spray deposition,reduced graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Light Scattering Layer deposited by Spray Deposition Method at Room Temperature for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
摘要： TiO2 light scattering layer was prepared form TiO2 (Degussa P25) colloidal solution of 0.75% by Wt. by spray coating machine under O2 gas. The conditions were varied with pulse spray at 5, 10, 15 and 20 times under substrate rotation deposited on the nano-porous TiO2/FTO substrate. The TiO2 working electrodes were sintered at 500°C for 1 hour and lead to immersed in dye sensitizer for 24 hours. Morphological, structural and optical properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. DSSC cells were fabricated by the TiO2 working electrodes sandwich with the Pt counter electrode. Photo-conversion efficiency of DSSC cells were compared between the standard cells which non-TiO2 scattering layer and the TiO2 scattering layer by solar simulator (AM 1.5). Structural characteristic exhibits crystalline of anatase phase TiO2 plane (101). Surface morphology is beginning uniform distribution when the pulses spray since to 15 times and obtains nano-microparticles sizes. Moreover, thickness of TiO2 light scattering layer and TiO2 working electrodes have approximately of 1 to 1.5 μm and 10 to 20 μm. Transmittances spectra of have lower 50%. Reflections spectra have lower of 50% and absorbance can be absorbed of 1 to 2% show that low transmittance, low reflection and low absorption in visible light which occur light scattering effect in TiO2 scattering layer well. The efficiency can be highest obtains which consists of the open circuit voltage (Voc), the current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (η) of 0.77 V, 14.57 mA/cm2, 0.65 and 7.33% for TiO2 scattering layer at pulsed spray of 10 times more than standard cell. Summary, the effect of TiO2 light scattering layer supports to increases light scattering into cell cause photon absorption increases lead to efficiency increases show that TiO2 scattering layer suitable for development of DSSC.
关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell,TiO2 scattering layer,spray deposition
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Spray-Deposited Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> for Rear Passivation and Optical Trapping in Silicon Solar Cells
摘要： Low-cost spray deposition is employed to investigate the suitability of spray-deposited Al2O3 for rear passivation and optical trapping in passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) Si solar cells. Structural, optical, and electrical properties of spray-deposited Al2O3 ?lms are investigated. Capacitance-voltage measurements indicate that spray-deposited Al2O3 has a negative charge density of 3.19 × 1012 cm–2 for an 80-nm ?lm, suggesting that it can serve as the passivation layer. Optical properties of spray-deposited Al2O3 are identical to the Al2O3/SiNx stack prepared by atomic layer deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, indicating that it can also serve as the optical trapping layer. Atomic force microscopy studies show that spray-deposited Al2O3 is crack and pore free, and its surface roughness has a root-mean-square value of 0.52 nm for an 80-nm ?lm. Spray-deposited Al2O3 is amorphous as determined by X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggests that spray-deposited Al2O3 is slightly Al-rich. The resistivity and breakdown ?eld of an 80-nm Al2O3 ?lm are 5.46 × 1014 Ω-cm and 3.28 MV/cm, respectively, which are stable after 800°C ?ring. These properties suggest that spray-deposited Al2O3 is a promising candidate to replace the Al2O3/SiNx stack in Si PERC cells.
关键词： Al2O3,spray deposition,rear passivation,Si PERC cells,optical trapping
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Role of Continuous Spray Pyrolyzed synthesized MoO3 nanorods in PEDOT:PSS matrix by electric field assisted spray deposition for organic photovoltaics
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid solution composing of Continuous Spray Pyrolyzed (CoSP) synthesized molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanorods in poly(3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were developed to form an effective interconnecting layer for use as a hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Compared to that of pristine PEDOT:PSS based OSCs, the PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 based OSC demonstrates a noticeable advancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), current density, and fill factor due to enhanced the wettability and conductivity of the composite HTL for efficient hole injection. The effect of the applied DC voltage (500V and 1000V) to the nozzle during the spray deposition of hybrid PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 HTL on efficient operation of the OSCs was systematically investigated. The surface roughness, compact morphology and hence the electrical conductivity of hybrid HTL are significantly influenced by the applied DC voltages during deposition of film. It is attributed to coulombic fission for better atomization of spray and generating ultrafine homogeneous droplets in corona cone, which fabricate a uniform film over a larger area. Moreover, rise in the work function was also noticed possibly due to the nanostructure formation due to MoO3 nanorods. The use of 500V and 1000V during fabrication of the PEDOT:PSS-MoO3 HTL resulted in the ambient condition optimized PTB7:PC71BM based OSCs reaching highest PCE of 4.68% and 5.11%, respectively. This is due to superior interface connection between hybrid HTL and photoactive layer leading to improved charge collection efficiency.
关键词： hybrid PEDOT:PSS:MoO3 HTL,spray deposition,electric field,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22