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Short-Term Efficacy Comparison of High-Intensity and Low-Intensity Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Study
摘要： Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the short-term efficacies of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (LE). Patients and methods: Sixty patients (16 males, 44 females; mean age 44.2±9.3 years; range, 18 to 65 years) with unilateral elbow pain were randomized into two groups as 30 patients treated with HILT (9 males and 21 females) and 30 patients treated with LILT (7 males and 23 females). The HILT (1,064 nm) and LILT (904 nm) were administered three times a week for three weeks, and each treatment was combined with an epicondylitis bandage. A visual analog scale (VAS), quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH) questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and hand grip strength test were used to evaluate the patients before and three weeks after treatment. Results: The two groups had similar demographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, and body mass index (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the pretreatment VAS, QDASH, hand grip strength, and SF-36 scores (p>0.05). After three weeks, both groups showed significant improvements in all of the parameters (p<0.05). However, in the HILT group, the QDASH, hand grip strength, and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) scores showed superior improvement compared to the LILT group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Each treatment modality was found to be effective and safe for the short-term treatment of LE. However, the HILT exhibited more significant effects on the hand grip strength, QDASH, and SF-36 PCS scores than the LILT.
关键词： Hand grip strength,low-intensity laser therapy,pain,high-intensity laser therapy,lateral epicondylitis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO?? 2015: 34th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing - Atlanta, Georgia, USA (October 18a??22, 2015)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Preliminary laser welding tests of 22MnB5 steel with a butt joint and lap joint configurations
摘要： In recent years, the automotive industry has expanded the use of hot stamping and press hardening processes. Using ultra-high-strength steels, such as 22MnB5, allows car manufacturers to build lighter, stronger and safer vehicles at a reduced cost and generate lower CO2 emissions. In the research the laser weldability of 22MnB5 steel was tested. The test plates were produced using a constant heating temperature of 900°C and a variable furnace time of between 250 and 600 seconds. The samples were quenched in a water-cooled flat die to ensure a fully martensitic structure and good flatness. The welding tests were made using a 10 kW disk laser equipped with the optics of Precitec. Various welding energies were used to determine the effects of heating and cooling on the mechanical properties of the welds. The weld inspections conformed to ISO standard 13919-1 and automotive testing code SEP 1220-3 (Testing and documentation guideline for the joinability of thin sheet of steel - Part 3: Laser beam welding) where applicable. The radiographic inspection showed some porosity and a lack of penetration on both the face and root side of almost every weld. Despite these serious imperfections, the destructive tests were performed and showed relatively good results. The maximum achieved yield strength was over 1200 MPa, reaching almost the strength of the base material 22MnB5. The maximum value of hardness in the laser welds of 22MnB5 steel was 500 HV; the same as the hardness of the base material. However, a relatively narrow softened zone exists in the HAZ area, which has a hardness value of 200 HV.
关键词： press hardening,ultra-high-strength steels,22MnB5 steel,automotive industry,laser welding
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fatigue behavior improvements of laser-induction hybrid welded S690QL steel plates
摘要： In this paper, the improvements of fatigue performances of S690QL steel welded by laser-induction hybrid welding (LIHW) method were performed, mainly through the infrared imaging device to obtain the weld thermal cycle, fatigue machine to test the fatigue strength and scanning electron microscope to observe the fracture morphology. In fatigue tests, tension-tension fatigue loading and stress ratio R = 0.1 was selected. The LIHW fitted S-N curves were derived. It was found that the cracks with symmetrical grooves were initiated at the weld center (WC), while the single-laser welding (SLW) fatigue samples were fractured at the WC. However, the LIHW samples were finally fractured near heat-affected zone (HAZ). The fracture morphology of fatigue samples with stress amplitude of 108 MPa and 144 MPa were further selected to analysis. Due to different degree of defects or stress concentration, and different welding heat input absorption ability and cooling rate, in sudden fracture region, SLW fatigue samples mainly contained the brittle transient failure mode, LIHW fatigue samples mainly showed a ductile failure mode. It can thus be concluded that the LIHW method could improve the fatigue performance of S690QL steel joints.
关键词： Transient failure mode,Single-laser welding,Cracks,Laser-induction hybrid welding,Fatigue strength
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The role of interfacial H-bonding in electrical properties of UV-cured resin filled with hydroxylated Al2O3 nanoparticles
摘要： Surface hydroxylation of crude Al2O3 (c-Al2O3) nanoparticles by H2O2 was conducted to tailor the electrical properties of UV-cured resin. The hydroxyl groups on Al2O3 particles were designed to establish hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl and carboxyl with that of UV/c-Al2O3 composites at the same filler content. It was found that the addition of 0.5 wt % h-Al2O3 increases the AC breakdown strength and volume resistivity by 15.5 % and 367.9 %, respectively. Our results suggest that the hydroxylation is an efficient way to improve the electrical properties of UV-cured resin nanocomposites, thus promoting stereolithography 3D printing in application of electrical and electronic field.
关键词： Stereolithography,Interfacial region,Hydrogen bonding,Nanocomposites,Interfacial strength,Trap levels,Electrical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Post-Deposition Recrystallization of Co-Evaporated CuIn <sub/>x</sub> Ga <sub/>(1-x)</sub> Se <sub/>2</sub> Films by Bromide Vapor Treatments
摘要： In recent years, smart devices have become ubiquitous. Many of these devices are equipped with global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, and other sensors. With their high mobility, the idea of mobile devices as probes has been attracting more and more attention. Mobility and flexibility offered by smart mobile devices are what traditional fixed sensors lack. However, mobile devices’ power supplies are quite limited. Although GPS is accurate, its high power consumption somewhat limits its accessibility and sustainability. In contrast, Wi-Fi is less power hungry, but at the same time, less accurate. For the sake of sustainability, by adopting Wi-Fi as an alternative to GPS, longer operation is attainable at the cost of losing some degree of accuracy. In this paper, a Wi-Fi-based algorithm based on log-normal probability distribution of distances with respect to received signal strength is proposed. It is suitable for an outdoor environment, where Wi-Fi access points (APs) are abundant. Simulations are conducted over known AP locations, and results show that the proposed algorithm can save, on average, as much as 35% more battery power than GPS does. The average localization error is ～18 m, and the average velocity estimation error is ～25%.
关键词： Mobile phone sensing,log-normal distribution,positioning algorithm,Wi-Fi-based localization,received signal strength indicator
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Ultrahigh Breakdown Strength and Energy Density in PLZST@ PBSAZM Antiferroelectric Ceramics Based on Core-shell Structure
摘要： A novel core-shell structured Pb0.91La0.06(Zr0.552Sn0.368Ti0.08)O3@PbO–B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-MnO2 (PLZST@PBSAZM) antiferroelectric particles were successfully fabricated via sol-gel method. As expected, the sintering temperature was notably reduced from 1250 oC to 1100 oC with the increasing glass contents. More importantly, the breakdown strengths of PLZST@PBSAZM ceramics were significantly increased from 252 kV/cm to 402 kV/cm. As a result, the energy density was up to 7.4 J/cm3 with 1 wt.% of coating glass content, a 55.3% enhancement over the pure PLZST (4.7 J/cm3). Furthermore, the simulations of electric field distribution provided a powerful evidence that the enhancement of the breakdown strength was induced by the core-shell structure, since the glass coating layer could not only undertake the most of electric field, but also impede the grain growth to achieve the smaller grains, which led to the reduction of electric field intensity on the grain cores.
关键词： Core-shell structured,Antiferroelectric,Breakdown strength,Energy density
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Relationship between macular thickness measurement and signal strength using Stratus optical coherence tomography
摘要： Purpose: To examine the relationship between signal strength and macular thickness as measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT)'s fast macular thickness protocol in healthy subjects. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study 79 eyes of 42 healthy subjects were enrolled. The age, gender, and eye (right vs left) of each subject were recorded. The Stratus OCT fast macular thickness scan protocol was used and the macular thickness was measured with retinal thickness map analysis. Each eye was imaged at least six times to acquire images with signal strengths of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 out of 10 via adjustment of the focusing knob. The OCT parameters included in the analysis were thickness in the central 1 mm and in the different quadrants in the 3-mm area. Results: Overall 79 eyes of 42 patients with a mean age of 38.4±12.4 were included. There was no significant difference between the signal strength measurements obtained with different signal strengths in the central thickness (P=0.20). In the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrants, a signal strength of 8 demonstrated up to 3 μm thicker measurements than a signal strength of 5 (P<0.05). In general linear regression analysis, after accounting for age and gender, signal strength did not remain a significant predictor of thickness in any quadrant. Conclusions: When using fast map macular measurements, a signal strength of 5 is clinically as efficient as a signal strength of 8 in measuring macular thickness in all quadrants. Insisting on higher signal strength may not be necessary.
关键词： retinal thickness,macular thickness,Stratus OCT,fast map macular measurement,signal strength
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Thickness-tunable growth of ultra-large, continuous and high-dielectric h-BN thin films
摘要： The outstanding thermal properties, mechanical properties and large optical bandgap of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) make it very attractive for various applications in ultrathin 2D microelectronics. However, the synthesis of large lateral size and uniform h-BN thin films with a high breakdown strength still remains a great challenge. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effect of growth conditions on the thickness of h-BN films via low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). By optimizing the LPCVD growth parameters with electropolished Cu foils as the deposition substrates and developing customized "enclosure" quartz-boat reactors, we achieved thickness-tunable (1.50–10.30 nm) growth of h-BN thin films with a smooth surface (RMS roughness is 0.26 nm) and an ultra-large area (1.0 cm × 1.0 cm), meanwhile, the as-grown h-BN films exhibited an ultra-high breakdown strength of ~10.0 MV cm?1, which is highly promising for the development of electrically reliable 2D microelectronic devices with an ultrathin feature.
关键词： dielectric breakdown strength,h-BN,thin films,LPCVD,2D microelectronics,hexagonal boron nitride
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Ocean Salinity Sensing Using Long-Period Fiber Gratings Functionalized with Layer-by-Layer Hydrogels
摘要： Rapid, accurate, and real-time measurements of ocean salinity are of great importance for a host of scientific, commercial, and defense applications. We demonstrate a highly sensitive, fast-responding fiber-optic salinity sensor that integrates long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) with ionic strength-responsive hydrogel. The submicron-thick hydrogel was synthesized via layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly of partially quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (qP4VP) and poly(acrylic acid), followed by chemical cross-linking. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurement of a hydrogel made of 37% quaternized qP4VP showed robust and reversible swelling/deswelling in solutions with salt concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 M (22.8?44.7 g/kg) around pH 8.1. The swelling/deswelling process induced large changes in the refractive index of the hydrogel, leading to resultant shift in the resonance wavelength (RW) of LPFGs. The salinity-dependent optical response of the hydrogel-coated LPFGs is in good agreement with ellipsometry measurement. LPFGs coated with the hydrogel exhibited a sensitivity of 7 nm RW shift/M (125.5 pm/‰) with a measurement time less than 5 s. The shift in the resonance wavelength correlated linearly with salt concentration, making quantification of measured salinity straightforward.
关键词： refractive index,layer-by-layer assembly,hydrogels,ocean salinity sensing,long-period fiber gratings,ionic strength
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Innovative in situ photocuring-assisted 3D plotting technique for complex-shaped ceramic architectures with high shape retention
摘要： We herein propose a novel type of additive manufacturing (AM) technique, denoted as "in situ photocuring-assisted 3D plotting", which can rapidly solidify extruded green filaments comprised of ceramic powders and photocurable monomers using UV light during 3D plotting. To accomplish this, the rheological properties and photocuring behavior of the ceramic slurry were carefully tailored, particularly by using a mixture of diruethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers as the photocurable vehicle. This innovative approach enabled the favorable extrusion of the ceramic slurry through a fine nozzle with high green strength after photocuring, and thus complex-shaped ceramic architectures with high shape retention could be constructed. As an example, a free-standing helical structure with a circular cross-section was successfully produced even without the use of any supporting materials. In addition, a porous ceramic scaffold with a tightly controlled porous structure could be produced.
关键词： Strength,Porosity,Extrusion,Structural applications,Suspensions
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36