- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
A multipurpose X-ray fluorescence scanner developed for in situ analysis
摘要： Over the time, instrument transportability has become more and more important, especially in Cultural Heritage, as often artworks cannot be moved from their site, either because of the size or due to problems with permission issues, or simply because moving them to a laboratory is physically impossible, as e.g. in the case of mural paintings. For this reason, the INFN-CHNet, the network for Cultural Heritage studies of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), has developed an XRF scanner for in situ analyses. The instrument is the result of a wide collaboration, where different units of the network have been developing the diverse parts, then merged in a single system. The XRF scanner has been designed to be a four-season and green instrument. The control/acquisition/analysis software has been fully developed by our group, using only open-source software. Other strong points of the system are easiness of use, high portability, good performances and ultra-low radiation dispersion, which allows us to use even when the public can be present. It can run both with mains or on batteries, in the latter case with a maximum runtime longer than 10 h. It has a very low cost, when compared to commercial systems with equivalent performances, and easily replaceable components, which makes it accessible for a much wider portion of the interested community. The system has been thought and designed as an open system, suitable for further development/improvements, that can result interesting for non-conventional XRF analysis. The CHNet XRF scanner has proved to be really very well suited for applications in the Cultural Heritage field, as testified by the many recent applications. This paper describes the present version of our instrument and reports on the tests performed to characterise its main features.
关键词： Transportable instrument,XRF imaging,Acquisition,In situ analysis,Cultural heritage,XRF scanner
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
Ion, electron and laser beams for Cultural Heritage investigations by Czech-Italian collaboration
摘要： An overview of physical investigations of cultural heritage samples using ion and laser beams performed in the frame of the international collaboration between the University of Messina (Italy) and the Nuclear Physics Institute-ASCR (Czech Republic) is presented. Solid samples are analysed in high vacuum using particle induced X-ray emission, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, elastic recoil detection analysis, prompt γ activation analysis, nuclear reaction analysis, laser ablation, mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and many more. The elemental composition of the sample, the trace elements, the depth pro?les, the morphology and the comparison between samples and references are reported. Both electron and ion microbeams are employed to have details of the spatial distribution maps of elements of interest.
关键词： Mass spectrometers,X-ray detectors,X-ray ?uorescence (XRF) systems
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
Revealing the Origin of the Beneficial Effect of Cesium in Highly Efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells
摘要： The record conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers has exceeded 23 %. Such a high performance is currently only attainable by the incorporation of heavy alkali metals like Cs into the absorber through an alkali fluoride post-deposition treatment (PDT). As the effect of the incorporated heavy alkali metals is under discussion, we investigated the local composition and microstructure of high efficiency CIGS solar cells via various high-resolution techniques in a combinatory approach. An accumulation of Cs is clearly detected at the p-n junction along with variations in the local CIGS composition, showing the formation of a beneficial secondary phase with a laterally inhomogeneous distribution. Additionally, Cs accumulations were detected at grain boundaries with a random misorientation of the adjacent grains where a reduced Cu concentration and increased In and Se concentrations are detected. No accumulation was found at Σ3 twin boundaries as well as the grain interior. These experimental findings are in excellent agreement with complementary ab-initio calculations, demonstrating that the grain boundaries are passivated by the presence of Cs. Further, it is unlikely that Cs with its large ionic radius is incorporated into the CIGS grains where it would cause detrimental defects.
关键词： nano-XRF,CIGS,DFT,thin-film solar cells,Cs,post-deposition treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
Maia Mapper: high definition XRF imaging in the lab
摘要： Maia Mapper is a laboratory μXRF mapping system for e?cient elemental imaging of drill core sections serving minerals research and industrial applications. It targets intermediate spatial scales, with imaging of up to ～ 80 M pixels over a 500 × 150 mm2 sample area. It brings together (i) the Maia detector and imaging system, with its large solid-angle, event-mode operation, millisecond pixel transit times in ?y-scan mode and real-time spectral deconvolution and imaging, (ii) the high brightness MetalJet D2 liquid metal micro-focus X-ray source from Excillum, and (iii) an e?cient XOS polycapillary lens with a ?ux gain ～ 15, 900 at 21 keV into a ～ 32 μm focus, and (iv) a sample scanning stage engineered for standard drill-core sections. Count-rates up to ～ 3 M/s are observed on drill core samples with low dead-time up to ～ 1.5%. Automated scans are executed in sequence with display of deconvoluted element component images accumulated in real-time in the Maia detector. Application images on drill core and polished rock slabs illustrate Maia Mapper capabilities as part of the analytical work?ow of the Advanced Resource Characterisation Facility, which spans spatial dimensions from ore deposit to atomic scales.
关键词： X-ray detectors,X-ray ?uorescence (XRF) systems
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
-
A combination of portable non-invasive techniques to study on reverse glass paintings at Mistretta museum
摘要： Reverse painting on glass is an old decorative technique used since the Roman time consisting in applying a cold paint layer on the reverse side. The Sicilian Regional Museum of forestry and pastoral traditions in Mistretta (Messina, Italy) houses the largest collection of reverse glass paintings in Italy with a total of 195 artworks. The artworks are attributed to the different Italian geographic area from north to south Italy. A combination of non-invasive analysis by using complementary portable spectroscopic instrumentations (mainly XRF and Raman Spectrometers) was applied on some selection of reverse glass paintings. The goal of the work is the characterization of the nature of pigments and of binders used in the realization of the paints. The composition of glasses used as substrate has been also investigated.
关键词： Reverse glass,Portable instrumentation,Raman spectroscopy,TR FTIR,XRF
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
-
Strain Mapping of CdTe Grains in Photovoltaic Devices
摘要： Strain within grains and at grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline thin-film absorber layers limits the overall performance because of higher defect concentrations and band fluctuations. However, the nanoscale strain distribution in operational devices is not easily accessible using standard methods. X-ray nanodiffraction offers the unique possibility to evaluate the strain or lattice spacing at nanoscale resolution. Furthermore, the combination of nanodiffraction with additional techniques in the framework of multimodal scanning X-ray microscopy enables the direct correlation of the strain with material and device parameters such as the elemental distribution or local performance. This approach is applied for the investigation of the strain distribution in CdTe grains in fully operational photovoltaic solar cells. It is found that the lattice spacing in the (111) direction remains fairly constant in the grain cores but systematically decreases at the GBs. The lower strain at GBs is accompanied by an increase of the total tilt. These observations are both compatible with the inhomogeneous incorporation of smaller atoms into the lattice, and local stress induced by neighboring grains.
关键词： X-ray microscopy,nanodiffraction,X-ray diffraction (XRD),solar cells,multimodal,CdTe,X-ray,strain,X-ray fluorescence (XRF),photovoltaic,X-ray beam induced current (XBIC)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Development of ZnO Nanoparticles as an Efficient Zn Fertilizer: Using Synchrotron-Based Techniques and Laser Ablation to Examine Elemental Distribution in Wheat Grain
摘要： Zinc (Zn) deficiency is an important problem worldwide, adversely impacting human health. Using a field trial in China, we compared the foliar-application of both ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and ZnSO4 on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for increasing the Zn concentration within the grain. We also used synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to examine the distribution of Zn within the grain. We found that ZnO-NPs increase the Zn concentration in the wheat grain, increasing from 18 mg·kg-1 in the control up to 40 mg·kg-1 when the ZnO-NPs were applied four times. These grain Zn concentrations in the ZnO-NP-treated grains are similar to those recommended for human consumption. However, the ZnO-NPs were similar in their effectiveness to ZnSO4. When examining trace element distribution in the grain, the trace elements were found to accumulate primarily in the aleurone layer and the crease region across all treatments. Importantly, Zn concentrations in the grain endosperm increased by nearly 30-fold relative to the control, with this markedly increasing Zn within the edible portion. These results demonstrate that ZnO-NPs is a suitable fertilizer for increasing Zn within wheat grain and can potentially be used to improve human nutrition.
关键词： X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF),foliar application,wheat,Zn biofortification,laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS),ZnO-NPs
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
-
Addressing K/L-edge overlap in elemental analysis from micro-X-ray fluorescence: bioimaging of tungsten and zinc in bone tissue using synchrotron radiation and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
摘要： Synchrotron radiation micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR-μXRF) is a powerful elemental mapping technique that has been used to map tungsten and zinc distribution in bone tissue. However, the heterogeneity of the bone samples along with overlap of the tungsten L-edge with the zinc K-edge signals complicates SR-μXRF data analysis, introduces minor artefacts into the resulting element maps, and decreases image sensitivity and resolution. To confirm and more carefully delineate these SR-μXRF results, we have employed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to untangle the problem created by the K/L-edge overlap of the tungsten/zinc pair. While the overall elemental distribution results are consistent between the two techniques, LA-ICP-MS provides significantly higher sensitivity and image resolution compared with SR-μXRF measurements in bone. These improvements reveal tissue-specific distribution patterns of tungsten and zinc in bone, not observed using SR-μXRF. We conclude that probing elemental distribution in bone is best achieved using LA-ICP-MS, though SR-μXRF retains the advantage of being a non-destructive method with the capability of being paired with X-ray techniques, which determine speciation in situ. Since tungsten is an emerging contaminant recently found to accumulate in bone, accurately determining its distribution and speciation in situ is essential for directing toxicological studies and informing treatment regimes.
关键词： LA-ICP-MS,Overlap,X-ray spectroscopy (XPS | XRF | EDX),Analyte,Zinc,Tungsten
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Defect activation and annihilation in CIGS solar cells: an operando X-ray microscopy study
摘要： The efficiency of thin-film solar cells with a Cu(In1?xGax)Se2 absorber is limited by nanoscopic inhomogeneities and defects. Traditional characterization methods are challenged by the multi-scale evaluation of the performance at defects that are buried in the device structures. Multi-modal X-ray microscopy offers a unique tool-set to probe the performance in fully assembled solar cells, and to correlate the performance with composition down to the micro- and nanoscale. We applied this approach to the mapping of temperature-dependent recombination for Cu(In1?xGax)Se2 solar cells with different absorber grain sizes, evaluating the same areas from room temperature to 100 ?C. It was found that poor performing areas in the large-grain sample are correlated with a Cu-deficient phase, whereas defects in the small-grain sample are not correlated with the distribution of Cu. In both samples, classes of recombination sites were identified, where defects were activated or annihilated by temperature. More generally, the methodology of combined operando and in-situ X-ray microscopy was established at the physical limit of spatial resolution given by the device itself. As proof-of-principle, the measurement of nanoscopic current generation in a solar cell is demonstrated with applied bias voltage and bias light.
关键词： X-ray beam induced current (XBIC),solar cell,Multi-modal X-ray microscopy,X-ray fluorescence (XRF),Cu(In1?xGax)Se2 (CIGS),X-ray beam induced voltage (XBIV)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Measuring heavy metal content in bone using portable X-ray fluorescence
摘要： The ability of inorganic-based analytical chemistry techniques to quantify trace amounts of heavy metals in skeletal remains has been integral for understanding health and social status in human populations. Low detection limits and the sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and other techniques to most elements on the periodic table are ideally suited for the quantification of lead (Pb) and other heavy metals in bone. However, the time required for sample preparation and analysis, expense, destructive analytical process, and availability of instrumentation often limit researchers’ ability to utilise these techniques for archaeological applications. This paper explores the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation for heavy metal analysis of bone as an alternative to more traditional analytical techniques. XRF has been shown to be an extremely useful tool for archaeologists seeking to conduct quantitative analyses of cultural materials such as obsidian and metals. However, little research has been undertaken to assess the usefulness of portable XRF for measuring heavy metals found in low concentrations in archaeological bone. This paper compares data derived from ICP-MS and portable XRF analyses of bone. Results demonstrate that XRF analyses of bone are problematic due to diagenesis and variability of Pb content in bone.
关键词： LA-ICP-MS,lead,human bone,portable XRF
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36