研究目的
The characterization of the nature of pigments and binders used in the realization of reverse glass paintings, and the investigation of the composition of glasses used as substrate.
研究成果
The combined use of portable XRF, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy provided valuable information on pigments, binders, and glass substrates of reverse glass paintings, revealing differences based on geographic origin and artist workshop. Results supported restoration efforts and identified a repainting area in one artifact. This approach is effective for non-invasive analysis of cultural heritage objects.
研究不足
The study is limited to a selection of six paintings from a larger collection, and Raman spectra were not always readable due to issues like thin pictorial layers or interference from the glass matrix. The techniques may not identify all materials definitively, and some interpretations rely on comparisons with standards.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Non-invasive analysis using complementary portable spectroscopic techniques (XRF, Raman, and FT-IR spectroscopy) was applied in situ to study pigments, binders, and glass substrates. The rationale was to avoid damage to the artifacts and analyze a large number of data on-site.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Approximately 60 reverse glass paintings from four different geographic areas were analyzed, with detailed characterization of six selected paintings (nos. 518, 549, 552, 563, 619, 684) based on stylistic differences and restoration needs.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Portable XRF spectrometer (Tracer III SD Bruker AXS), portable FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker ALPHA with External Reflection QuickSnap module), portable Raman spectrometer (Bruker Bravo).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
XRF spectra were acquired with voltage 40 kV and current 11 μA, FT-IR spectra between 3500 and 360 cm?1 with resolution 4 cm?1 and 60 scans, Raman spectra in range 3000 to 300 cm?1 using DuoLaser? and SSE? technology. Measurements were taken on representative colors and backgrounds.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRF data analyzed with ARTAX 7 software, FT-IR spectra processed with OPUS 7.5 software and converted to pseudo-absorbance using Kramer-Kronig transformations, Raman spectra compared with reference database. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for glass composition analysis.
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