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Combination of 1,064-nm Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser and Steroid Tape Decreases the Total Treatment Time of Hypertrophic Scars
摘要： BACKGROUND The 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (Cutera, Inc., Brisbane, CA) and steroid tape (?udroxycortide tape) have been used to treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ef?cacy of contact-mode 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser therapy and steroid tape for hypertrophic cesarean-section scars versus conservative therapy (steroid tape only). MATERIALS AND METHODS A medical record review identi?ed 40 consecutive Japanese patients who had hypertrophic scars (total Japan Scar Workshop Scar Scale [JSS] 2015 evaluation scores of 9 to 12) for more than 1 year after a vertical cesarean section and who were treated at our scar-specialist clinic from July 2015 to December 2017. All 40 patients continued treatment until the total JSS score dropped below 3. Recurrence was de?ned as a $1-point increase in the total JSW score 6 months after achieving a total JSS score <3. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 34.2 years. The test (n = 25) and control (n = 15) groups took on average 16.9 and 24.3 months to achieve a total JSS score <3, respectively (p < .01). In the following 6 months, none of the scars recurred. CONCLUSION Nd:YAG laser treatment effectively decreased the total treatment time of hypertrophic cesarean-section scars. An algorithm for treating mild and severe hypertrophic cesarean-section scars is proposed.
关键词： steroid tape,1,treatment time,064-nm Nd:YAG laser,hypertrophic scars,cesarean-section scars
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The effect of vaginal erbium laser treatment on sexual function and vaginal health in women with a history of breast cancer and symptoms of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause
摘要： Objectives: To assess the effects of vaginal erbium laser treatment on the vaginal health and sexual function of postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer. Methods: An open, prospective, therapeutic intervention study was conducted with 24 postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer and vaginal dryness, and/or dyspareunia, who had not used vaginal hormone therapy for at least 6 months. The women were treated using a 2,940-nm Erbium: YAG laser (Etherea-MX, Athena, Sa?o Carlos, Sa?o Paulo, Brazil), with 90o and 360o scanning scopes, between August, 2017 and October, 2017 in a private clinic in a city of southeastern Brazil. Vaginal erbium laser treatment was performed at three sessions with a 30-day interval between each session. Sexual function was assessed before and 1 month after treatment using the Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire. Questions related to genitourinary symptoms were also applied. Vaginal health was assessed before each laser session using the Vaginal Health Index Score. Results: Mean age was 53.7 years. Vaginal health improved, as shown by an increased overall score (P < 0.001). The effect size was large between pretreatment and post-treatment scores for vaginal elasticity, fluid volume, epithelial integrity, and moisture. The effect size was also significant for the overall sexual function score and for the score in the dyspareunia domain between pretreatment and 1 month after the final treatment session. Conclusion: Vaginal erbium laser may represent a novel therapeutic option for improving vaginal health and sexual function in postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer.
关键词： Sexual function,Vulvovaginal atrophy,YAG laser,Dyspareunia,Menopause,Breast cancer,Erbium
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Laser treatment for onychomycosis
摘要： Background: Laser systems are a common treatment choice for onychomycosis. They exert their effects on inhibiting the growth of the fungus by selective photothermolysis but efficacy is dependent on the specific type of apparatus used. To systematically review the available published literature on the curative effects and safety of laser treatment for onychomycosis. Methods: Databases including PubMed, web of science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), WanFang Database and VIP were searched systematically to identify relevant articles published up to July 2018. Potentially relevant articles were sourced, assessed against eligibility criteria by 2 researchers independently and data were extracted from included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using R software. Results: Thirty-five articles involving 1723 patients and 4278 infected nails were included. Meta-analysis of data extracted from these studies revealed that: the overall mycological cure rate was 63.0% (95%CI 0.53-0.73); the mycological cure rate associated with the 1064-nm Nd: YAG laser was 63.0% (95%CI 0.51-0.74); and that of CO2 lasers was 74.0% (95%CI 0.37-0.98). The published data indicate that laser treatment is relatively safe, but can cause tolerable pain and occasionally lead to bleeding after treatment. Conclusion: Laser treatment of onychomycosis is effective and safe. The cumulative cure rate of laser treatment was significantly higher for CO2 lasers than other types of laser. Laser practitioners should be made aware of potential adverse effects such as pain and bleeding.
关键词： onychomycosis,CO2 laser,single rate,systematic review,laser,Nd-YAG laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High-order cylindrical vector beams with tunable topological charge up to 14 directly generated from a microchip laser with high beam quality and high efficiency
摘要： Large topological charge optical vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have potential applications on optical trapping, optical communication with high capacity, quantum information processing. However, the beam quality is degraded in vortex beams generated with spiral phase plates or resonator mirrors with defect spots and optical conversion efficiency in solid-state lasers is sacrificed by controlling the loss of resonator. It is a big challenge for generating high beam quality, high-order cylindrical vector beams with large topological charge in compact solid-state lasers. Here, high-order cylindrical vector beams [Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with zero degree and order of l, LG0,l] with tunable topological charges up to 14 have been generated in an annular beam pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser by manipulating the pump power-dependent population inversion distribution. Efficient performance with optical efficiency of 17.5% has been achieved. The output power is 1.36 W for a vector-vortex laser with 14 topological charges. The pump power dependent wavelength tunable and dual-wavelength laser oscillation in vector-vortex beams has been observed by controlling the reabsorption loss at 1030 nm. Wavelength tunable, dual-wavelength (1030 and 1050 nm) laser oscillation has been achieved for vector-vortex beams with topological charges of 8, 9, and 10. The laser beam quality factor M2 close to the theoretical value (l + 1) has been achieved for LG0,l vector-vortex beams with tunable topological charges up to 14. This work provides a new effective method for generating large topological charge high-order cylindrical vector beams in solid-state microchip lasers with high efficiency and high beam quality.
关键词： orbital angular momentum,cylindrical vector beams,topological charge,Yb:YAG microchip laser,optical vortex beams
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of the Er: YAG laser on the shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer and BiodentineTM to dentine
摘要： Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if Er: YAG laser etching improves the shear bond strength (SBS) of Biodentin? and GC Fuji IX? to dentine. Materials and Methods: Forty human dentine specimens were standardized and embedded in stone. The specimens were randomized into four groups (n = 10). Twenty samples were treated with the Er: YAG laser radiation and 10 of these restored with GC Fuji IX? and 10 with Biodentine?. The remaining 20 specimens acted as controls (no laser treatment); 10 were restored with GC Fuji IX? and 10 with Biodentin?. All samples were then stored in an incubator at 37.5°C and 100% humidity for 7 days. The SBS was determined using a Zwick universal testing machine. A two-way analysis of variance test was used to evaluate the statistical difference in SBS between the groups. An independent sample t?test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between control and lased groups within the same material. Results: A highly statistically significant difference in SBS was found with the laser treatment (P = 0.0001) and material (i.e., Biodentin? or Fuji IX? (P = 0.0001). The GC Fuji IX? group recorded the highest mean SBS required to dislodge the material from the laser-treated dentine surface (1.77 ± 0.22 Mega-Pascal [MPa]). The mean SBS of Biodentin? to dentine following the laser radiation (1.12 ± 0.16 MPa) was significantly greater compared to the nonlased dentine (0.53 ± 0.09). Pearson Chi?square test indicated a nonsignificant relation between shear strength and mode of failure (P = 0.467). Conclusion: Laser etching of the dentine surfaces yielded a significant increase in the bond strength for both GC Fuji IX? and Biodentin?. The SBS of Biodentin? to dentine is greater than with conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX?).
关键词： Biodentin?,dentin,shear bond strength,Er: YAG laser
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Application of portable near-infrared spectrometer to Heliotron J plasma diagnostics
摘要： A simple near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer with a wavelength range of 898–2130 nm has recently been applied to diagnose Heliotron J plasmas. It adopts a symmetrical crossed Czerny–Turner mount equipped with a thermoelectrically cooled 512 channel InGaAs linear sensor. Reciprocal linear dispersion was deduced to 96.37 nm/mm at the center of the detector. External ?lters can be inserted into the path of the collection optics to reject second-order spectra, as needed. Absolute intensity calibration was performed together with a visible spectrometer using a tungsten halogen lamp, and the effect of the transmittance fringe in the visible region of the applied long-pass ?lter on the NIR calibration was investigated. The intended application of the NIR spectrometer includes extending the wavelength region of a spectral monitor to less contaminated regions for Heliotron J plasma studies. In preliminary measurements, we observed the Paschen series for the hydrogen pellet injection plasma and two atomic helium lines, i.e., 2S-2P singlet and triplet lines, in helium gas puf?ng experiments. A continuum spectrum in this regime that is attributable to black-body radiation from hot spots on the plasma-facing components was identi?ed. In addition, this may also be used to monitor background radiation in the YAG-Thomson scattering signals near 1064 nm.
关键词： near-infrared spectrometer,YAG-Thomson scattering,plasma diagnostics,helium lines,black-body radiation,Paschen series,Heliotron J
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Effect of calcium oxide doping on the microstructure and optical properties of YAG transparent ceramics
摘要： Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering the co-precipitated raw powders with calcium oxide (CaO) as the sintering aid. The influence of CaO content on the phase composition, particle size and the morphologies of resultant YAG powders, as well as the microstructural and optical properties of YAG ceramics, was investigated in detail. Our results show that with increasing of CaO additives, the particle size and agglomeration degree of the powders were slightly increased and the grain growth of the ceramics was inhibited. Specifically, the grain size initially decreased dramatically till reaching a minimum value of 1.85 μm with 0.3 at% CaO, then slightly increased. In addition, for YAG ceramics with a high CaO doping level, the existence of liquid phase was observed for the first time and its sintering mechanism was discussed. The excess of CaO causes the formation of grain boundary phases and residual pores, which are detrimental for maintaining higher optical quality of YAG ceramics. We obtained a fully dense and pore-free YAG ceramic with an in-line transmittance of 80.8% at 1100 nm by adopting 0.1 at% level of CaO during sintering of the green bodies at 1780°C for 20 h in vacuum.
关键词： Microstructure evolution,YAG transparent ceramic,Co-precipitation method,CaO additives
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Ultra-Late Onset Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome: Risk Factors and Characteristics on Scheimpflug Imaging
摘要： Background: To provide insights into the characteristic of ultra-late onset capsular bag distension syndrome (CBDS) after phacoemulsification. Design: An interventional, retrospective case series at a tertiary care institute. Participants: 5 Post-cataract surgery patients who presented with the retrolenticular fluid collection. Methods: This is an interventional, retrospective case series of 5 cases who presented with clinical signs of ultra- late CBDS>7 years after uneventful phacoemulsification with in-the-bag posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation at a tertiary care institute. Scheimpflug imaging was used in all cases in addition to slit lamp biomicroscopic examination to assess and diagnose the condition. Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) posterior capsulotomy was performed in all to treat the condition. Main outcome measure: Results: All 5 patients presented with a milky fluid collection within the distended capsular bag without raised intraocular pressure or a shallow anterior chamber. Scheimpflug imaging confirmed the diagnosis in all cases and all eyes revealed a hyper-reflective space between the intraocular lens optic and the posterior capsule. Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy was performed in all patients, with resolution of fluid and improvement of visual acuity. Conclusion: Our case series showed that Scheimpflug imaging is a useful modality to diagnose ultra-late onset CBDS and to differentiate this condition from intraocular lens opacification and posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy proved to be successful treatment for ultra-late CBDS with no significant change in biometric or refractive parameters.
关键词： YAG capsulotomy,Ultra-late capsular bag distension syndrome,Post- cataract complication
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Influence of the ceramic powder morphology and forming conditions on the optical transmittance of YAG:Yb ceramics
摘要： The influence of the dispersity and morphology of ceramic powders on the characteristics of green bodies and the optical transmittance of YAG:Yb (20 at.%) ceramics was considered. The effect of the specific surface area on the relative density of compacts was studied. An increase in the specific surface area from 1.45 to 12.38 m2/g led to a decrease in the relative density of green body compacts from 52 to 38% under the fixed uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. An increase in the uniaxial pressing value up to 150 MPa provided a maximum increase of the optical transmission of ceramics. However, an increase in the specific surface area and uniaxial pressure led to the appearance of macrodefects in ceramic samples. Cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa after uniaxial pressing at 50 MPa resulted in an increase of optical transparency and the elimination of the macrodefect formation in ceramics. Dispersity and morphology of ceramic powders have a significant effect on the optical transparency of ceramics. Forming conditions had insignificant influence on optical characteristics. Highly transparent YAG:Yb ceramics with 80% transmittance were developed.
关键词： specific surface area,highly transparent YAG:Yb ceramics,agglomeration coefficient,forming,cold isostatic pressing
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The influence of stopping power and temperature on latent track formation in YAP and YAG
摘要： Transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to analyse the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on both yttrium aluminium perovskite (YAP) YAlO3, and yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) Y3Al5O12 single crystals. The crystals were irradiated with Kr, Xe and Bi ions with energies ranging from 107 to 1030 MeV. These ions have electronic stopping powers in the range from 11 to 41 keV/nm. The ion fluences were all within the non-overlapping regime for latent ion tracks i.e. 1011–1012 cm?2. A number of crystals were also irradiated at different temperatures of 80, 300 and 1000 K at a fixed stopping power. Latent ion tracks with an amorphous core were observed in all samples. The track diameters were seen to increase with increasing stopping power. Track diameters only increase by a significant amount as a result of irradiation temperature at 1000 K, whereas the diameters at 80 and 300 K differ only slightly. Ion tracks in YAG were also found to be larger than those in YAP at comparable stopping powers. It was found that on average 10 keV/nm of extra energy input is required to produce ion tracks in YAP with diameters similar to those in YAG. The results also suggest that the complexity of the crystal structure plays a significant role in the formation of ion tracks in these crystals.
关键词： YAG,Radiation damage,YAP,Latent track,TEM,Swift heavy ion
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36