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<p>Biodistribution and sensitive tracking of immune cells with plasmonic gold nanostars</p>
摘要： Aim: To quantitatively and sensitively investigate the biodistribution of immune cells after systemic administration. Methods: Immune cells were loaded with plasmonic gold nanostars (GNS) tracking probes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for quantitative gold mass measurement and two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) was used for high-resolution sensitive optical imaging. Results: GNS nanoparticles were loaded successfully into immune cells without negative effect on cellular vitality. Liver and spleen were identified to be the major organs for macrophage cells uptake after systematic administration. A small amount of macrophage cells were detected in the tumor site in our murine lymphoma animal model. Conclusion: GNS has great potential as a biocompatible marker for quantitative tracking and high-resolution imaging of immune cells at the cellular level.
关键词： biodistribution,immune cells,GNS,ICP-MS,two-photon microscopy
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:42
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Imaging extracellular vesicles: current and emerging methods
摘要： Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells. They range from 30 nm to several micrometers in diameter, and ferry biological cargos such as proteins, lipids, RNAs and DNAs for local and distant intercellular communications. EVs have since been found to play a role in development, as well as in diseases including cancers. To elucidate the roles of EVs, researchers have established different methods to visualize and study their spatiotemporal properties. However, since EV are nanometer-sized, imaging them demands a full understanding of each labeling strategy to ensure accurate monitoring. This review covers current and emerging strategies for EV imaging for prospective studies.
关键词： Bioluminescence,MRI,Microvesicles,SPECT,Biodistribution,Imaging,Extracellular vesicles,Fluorescence,Dyes,exosomes
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Universal existence of fluorescent carbon dots in beer and assessment of their potential toxicity
摘要： Nanosized materials may produce adverse physiological effects or potential health risks due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Herein, the universal presence of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) in commercial beers was confirmed through a systematic survey. The beer CDs were roughly spherically shaped in appearance and emitted bright blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light with quantum yields (QYs) ranging from 1.42% to 3.92%. Furthermore, digestion, biodistribution, and cytotoxicity assessments of CDs from Snow beer were conducted as an example. The CDs were significantly quenched during in vitro digestion. The dynamic distribution of CDs in mice showed that they easily accumulated in the intestine and liver, and more importantly, the beer CDs were found in the brain, which indicated that they were able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Acute toxicity of the beer CDs was evaluated using BALB/c mice, and the results revealed that the biochemical parameters of mice after administration of a single dose of 2 g kg?1 body weight were almost same as those of the control groups. Histological analysis showed no obvious organ damage in the tested mice. The in vitro results indicated that CDs dispersed onto both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of MC3T3-E1 cells, alter the cell cycle progression, and caused cell apoptosis at high doses. This work reports the potential risk of CDs in beer and provides valuable information regarding CDs in food.
关键词： beer,cytotoxicity,biodistribution,Carbon dots,digestion
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Physiologically Stable Hydrophilic C60 Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Hydrophilic C60 nanoparticles that are highly stable in living systems were prepared with sugammadex, an anionic γ-cyclodextrin derivative, via a simple procedure for use in biological applications. The prepared C60/sugammadex nanoparticles showed outstanding stability under physiological conditions and even in much harsher conditions. The sugammadex interacted with C60 nanoparticles through strong host-guest interactions on the particle surface, producing a negatively charged layer on the surface of nanoparticles, which contributed to the high stability of the nanoparticles. In addition, the nanoparticles were highly stable in the presence of singly charged cations which are present in abundance in living systems. The stable C60/sugammadex nanoparticles showed a significantly different biological behavior compared to less stable C60 nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Most of the C60 particles accumulated and remained in organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) after administration, which are susceptible to forming aggregates in physiological conditions. On the other hand, the C60/sugammadex nanoparticles showed a completely different biological behavior, i.e. longer blood circulation, low RES uptake and elimination with time from organs. The photodynamic activity of C60/sugammadex nanoparticles was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and an outstanding antitumor effect was achieved based on the generation of reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. We envision that such stable C60 nanoparticles would be a desirable approach for extending the biological applications of these materials and the precise evaluation of C60 activity in living systems.
关键词： nanoparticle,biodistribution,in vivo aggregation,photodynamic therapy,fullerene
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A transport system based on a quantum dot-modified nanotracer is genetically and developmentally stable in pregnant mice
摘要： The use of nanoscale materials (NMs) could cause problems such as cytotoxicity, genomic aberration, and effects on human health, but the impacts of NM exposure during pregnancy remain uncharacterized in the context of clinical applications. It was sought to determine whether nanomaterials pass through the maternal–fetal junction at any stage of pregnancy. Quantum dots (QDs) coated with heparinized Pluronic 127 nanogels and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were administered to pregnant mice. The biodistribution of QDs, as well as their biological impacts on maternal and fetal health, was evaluated. Encapsulation of QDs with a nanogel coating produces a petal-like nanotracer (PNt), which could serve as a nano-carrier of genes or drugs. PNts were injected through the tail vein and accumulated in the liver, kidneys, and lungs. QD accumulation in reproductive organs (uterus, placenta, and fetus) differed among phases of pregnancy. In phase I (7 days of pregnancy), the QDs did not accumulate in the placenta or fetus, but by phase III (19 days) they had accumulated at high levels in both tissues. Karyotype analysis revealed that the PNt-treated pups did not have genetic abnormalities when dams were treated at any phase of pregnancy. PNts have the potential to serve as carriers of therapeutic agents for the treatment of the mother or fetus and these results have a significant impact on the development and application of QD-based NPs in pregnancy.
关键词： biodistribution,nanoscale materials,genetic stability,pregnancy,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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<p>In vivo Comparison of the Biodistribution and Toxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots with Different Surface Modifications</p>
摘要： In vivo Comparison of the Biodistribution and Toxicity of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots with Different Surface Modifications
关键词： in vivo,surface chemistry,nanotoxicology,biodistribution,InP/ZnS quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fluorescent DTPA-Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Radiolabeled with <sup>111</sup> In: A Dual Tool for Biodistribution and Stability Studies
摘要： This work aims to provide an effective and novel dual tool for the biodistribution studies of biopolimeric nanoparticles by using modified silk fibroin nanoparticles as a model. This is an indispensable step in the evaluation of the applicability of biopolymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. In this paper, we report a new facile method for radiolabeling silk fibroin nanoparticles conjugated to the chelating agent diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Nanoparticles were characterized by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. The in vitro studies included the stability in biological media and the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles in a cell culture. The in vivo study was focused in the scintigraphic study over 24 h conducted on New Zealand rabbits, after intra-articular injection of [111In]In-nanoparticles containing 8.03 ± 0.42 MBq. Biodistribution of the nanoparticles was assessed also ex vivo by fluorescence microscopy of post mortem biopsied organs. This radiolabeling method was reproducible and robust with high radiolabeling efficiency (~80 %) and high specific activity suitable for the in vivo studies. Radiolabeled nanoparticles, having hydrodynamic radius of 113.2 ± 2.3 nm, a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.101 ± 0.015 and Z-potential of -30.1 ± 2.0 mV, showed and optimum retention in the articular space, without activity clearance up to 24 h post injection. Thus, an easy and robust radiolabeling method has been developed, and its applicability is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo studies, showing its value for future investigation of silk fibroin nanoparticles as versatile and stable (steady) local drug delivery systems for consideration as a therapeutic option, particularly in the treatment of joint disorders.
关键词： biodistribution,theragnostic,radiolabeling,mesenchymal stem cells culture,FITC,silk fibroin nanoparticles,Indium-111,stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Gold nanoroda??loaded (PLGA-PEG) nanocapsules as near-infrared controlled release model of anticancer therapeutics
摘要： Despite of high in vitro anticancer efficacy of many chemotherapeutics, their in vivo use is limited due to lack of biocompatibility and tumor targeting. Near-infrared (NIR) photothermally induced phase transition of PLGA-PEG regime was utilized for developing highly efficient photoresponsive drug delivery systems. Co-encapsulation of plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs), as NIR-trigger, with the novel and highly efficient anticancer drug N′-(2-Methoxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-H-Thieno[2,3-c]Pyrazole-5-Carbohyd-razide (MTPC) produced NIR-responsive biodegradable polymeric (PLGA-b-PEG) nanocapsules. This remotely controllable drug release significantly enhanced both biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the hydrophobic drug. Intravenous (IV) injection of the prepared nanocapsules (MTPC/GNRs@PLGA-PEG) to tumor-bearing mice followed by extracorporeal exposure of the tumor to NIR light resulted in highly selective drug accumulation at the tumor sites. In vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics utilizing iodine-131 drug-radiolabelling technique revealed a maximum target to non-target ratio (T/NT) of 5.8, 4 h post-injection with maximum drug level in the tumor (6.3 ± 0.6% of the injected dose).
关键词： Pharmacokinetics,Biocompatible polymers,Radiolabelling,NIR-responsive nanocapsules,Biodistribution
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Bio-safety assessment of carbon quantum dots, N-doped and folic acid modified carbon quantum dots: A systemic comparison
摘要： The carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and their functionalized materials are promising in biomedical field because of their unique properties; meanwhile, a growing concern has been raised about the potential toxicity of these modified materials in biosystem. In this study, we synthesized original CQDs and two common functionalized CQDs including N-doped CQDs (NCQDs) and folic acid-modified CQDs (FA-CQDs), and compared the toxicity and biocompatibility with each other in vitro and in vivo. L929, C6 and normal cell MDCK were selected to detect the adverse reaction of these materials in vitro. No acute toxicity or obvious changes were noted from in vitro cytotoxicity studies with the dose of these CQD materials increasing to a high concentration at 1 mg/mL. Among these materials, the FA-CQDs show a much lower toxicity. Moreover, in vivo toxicity studies were performed on the nude mice for 15 days. The experimental animals in 10 or 15 mg/kg groups were similar with animals treated by phosphate buffer solution (PBS) after 15 days. The results of the multifarious biochemical parameters also suggest that the functionalized products of CQDs do not influence the biological indicators at feasible concentration. Our findings in vitro and in vivo through toxicity tests demonstrate that CQDs and their modified materials are safe for future biological applications.
关键词： Biodistribution,Functional materials,Biocompatibility,Fluorescence bioimaging,Carbon quantum dots (CQDs)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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In vivo evaluation of safety, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of laser-synthesized gold nanoparticles
摘要： Capable of generating plasmonic and other effects, gold nanostructures can offer a variety of diagnostic and therapy functionalities for biomedical applications, but conventional chemically-synthesized Au nanomaterials cannot always match stringent requirements for toxicity levels and surface conditioning. Laser-synthesized Au nanoparticles (Aunp) present a viable alternative to chemical counterparts and can offer exceptional purity (no trace of contaminants) and unusual surface chemistry making possible direct conjugation with biocompatible polymers (dextran, polyethylene glycol). this work presents the first pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and safety study of laser-ablated dextran-coated Aunp (Aunpd) under intravenous administration in small animal model. our data show that Aunpd are rapidly eliminated from the blood circulation and accumulated preferentially in liver and spleen, without inducing liver or kidney toxicity, as confirmed by the plasmatic ALAT and ASAT activities, and creatininemia values. Despite certain residual accumulation in tissues, we did not detect any sign of histological damage or inflammation in tissues, while IL-6 level confirmed the absence of any chronic inflammation. The safety of AuNPd was confirmed by healthy behavior of animals and the absence of acute and chronic toxicities in liver, spleen and kidneys. our results demonstrate that laser-synthesized Aunp are safe for biological systems, which promises their successful biomedical applications.
关键词： gold nanoparticles,biodistribution,pharmacokinetics,toxicity,laser ablation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04