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Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on BioGeoSciences (Modeling Natural Environments) || Tilt and Orientation of a Flat Solar Collector to Capture Optimal Solar Irradiation in Chilean Latitudes
摘要： The use of solar technologies is growing steadily throughout the world since solar radiation is recognized as an inexpensive and local renewable source of energy. At the same time, it helps to reduce the great environmental impact caused by the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources. Accurate information about incident solar radiation over an inclined surface is important for selection and installation of solar technologies. In this study, seasonal and annual total irradiation values received on a ?at solar collector were calculated by varying the inclination angle from 0° to 90°, and the azimuth angle from ?180° to 180° for 12 cities in Chile, based in one typical meteorological year. The study provides useful information about the in?uence of the tilt and azimuth angles to the total seasonal and annual solar energy collected. Several cities of Chile located from north to south were selected for the study, including Arica, Calama, Antofagasta, Vallenar, La Serena, Valparaíso, Talca, Concepción, Los Angeles, Valdivia, Puerto Montt, and Puerto Natales. The isotropic sky model was used to calculate the total irradiances. The results showed that during the summer months the average irradiation values were above 150 kWh/m2 in all cities. During the summer months, the device may be inclined between 0° and 30°, whereas during the winter months it is recommended to reset the inclination angle between 30° and 60°. The estimated annual solar radiation gains, based on tilt and azimuth angles, compared to a horizontal surface, increase toward the south with a maximum gain 10.08% for the city of Puerto Natales. The lowest gain was for the city of Arica with 0.55%, which shows that its best use is close to the horizontal surface. Although, the range of inclination and azimuth angles to achieve optimal irradiation values is wide, it is recommended to set the tilt angle of the ?at solar collector between 0° (cid:1) b (cid:1) 60° and the azimuth angle from ?60° (cid:1) c (cid:1) 60°. For losses smaller than 5% of irradiation, the azimuth angle can oscillate between ±30° without a signi?cant impact on the total irradiation captured by a ?at solar collector.
关键词： Flat solar collector,Tilt angle,Solar irradiation,Chile,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Significant decrease of photovoltaic power production by aerosols. The case of Santiago de Chile
摘要： Santiago de Chile frequently suffers from atmospheric pollution that contributes to the decrease of solar irradiance on the surface, leading to losses in the energy output of photovoltaic systems. In this study, a simple model is used to estimate the effect of aerosols on the solar irradiance over the city throughout the year, using as input AERONET sunphotometer data and other in-situ measurements. The results show reductions of 3.5% and 14.1% for global horizontal and direct normal irradiance respectively and an increase of 35.4% for diffuse horizontal irradiance between the actual condition in Santiago and a hypothetical atmosphere free of aerosols. These effects translate approximately to an annual difference in the energy output of -7.2% and -8.7% for monocrystalline and amorphous silicon PV technologies respectively, and an annual difference of -16.4% for a CPV technology, showing that aerosols can have a significant effect on the photovoltaic energy production.
关键词： Solar irradiance,AERONET,Chile,Air pollution,Santiago,Aerosols,Photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Solar electricity production and taxi electrical vehicle conversion in Chile
摘要： Carbon emissions from the Chilean public transport sector have doubled between 2000 and 2013. Thus, the need to find alternative clean-air solutions is becoming increasingly critical. With this in mind, this paper addresses a solution to the aforementioned problem by studying the conversion of both taxis and “colectivos” (public taxis with defined routes) into electric vehicles (EV) to be used in the Chilean public transport sector. In Chile, 80% of taxis are Nissan V16s, meaning that all of these vehicles will be replaced and end up in landfills within the next 5e8 years. This study presents an option to give a second life to these vehicles, addressing environmental and financial issues. It compares emissions from the Nissan V16's conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with an equivalent electric conversion prototype. Furthermore, it analyses the CO2 emissions from the EV that has been fully charged by the Chilean grid as well as one that has been charged by a solar photovoltaic system. A solar recharging station for EV taxis is designed, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. The results show that EV conversion does not lead to real environmental benefits, in comparison to its ICE equivalent, when it is charged with the grid. However, the results also show a considerable decrease in cost and CO2 emissions per km travelled when using solar energy to charge the batteries. Future challenges include identifying solutions to cope with solar intermittence and minimizing CO2 emissions during periods of low radiation.
关键词： Public transport,Chile,CO2 emissions,Solar charging station,Electric vehicle
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Roof characteristics for integrated solar collection in dwellings of Real-Estate developments in Concepción, Chile
摘要： This paper presents an analysis of the roofs of recently built single-family homes in Concepción, Chile in order to identify their potential for integrated solar energy collection. It seeks to promote the installation of domestic renewable energy systems in the face of growing residential energy consumption. The study comprises 2,139 homes in the district, all of which are part of residential developments built since 2006 (68.28% of total homes built over this period). The houses all have pitched roofs with a mean azimuth of 37.48°. The largest or second largest roof section was identified for each housing model, facing north, east or west with an average area of 33.9 sqm. This roof surface receives a total annual solar radiation of between 954 kWh/sqm and 1,732.8 kW/sqm (depending on size, azimuth and pitch), which, equipped with average-performance integrated photovoltaic panels, could supply a mean value of 6.317.2 kWh/year. This production could fully supply the average household annual electricity consumption, with surplus production either fed into the national grid or contributing to household heating needs. Dual production was also assessed with thermo-photovoltaic hybrid technology that could double useful energy production. Results show that the roof characteristics of new housing are compatible with integrated solar collection.
关键词： Housing,chile,architectural integration,roofing,solar energy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Performance of a SUNDISC cycle CSP plant for off-grid baseload applications in Chile
摘要： The dual-receiver SUNDISC cycle has previously been shown to generate electricity at a lower levelized cost and more reliably than combined cycle CSP plants without the low-pressure receiver. The utilization of such a plant as the provider of baseload power to an off-grid consumer, for example a mine, in northern Chile is investigated. The chosen location in the Atacama desert has high solar radiation and reasonably low ambient temperatures, however, the high altitude causes a severe decrease in Brayton cycle power output. The plant is simulated to provide an almost constant power output throughout the year from the two power cycles. Plant configurations with practically no fuel co-firing reach the lowest levelized cost of electricity, 0.14 USD/(kWeh) based on a conservative cost model, at less than 800 h annual time of no power generation. If fuel-based operation is allowed during some of these hours, the plant operates throughout the 8760 h per year and generates electricity at less than 0.15 USD/(kWeh) with co-firing rates of less than 8%. All these cost figures are significantly lower than for an alternative baseload off-grid solution based on Diesel generators.
关键词： Chile,CSP plant,off-grid,Rankine cycle,Brayton cycle,thermal energy storage,SUNDISC cycle,levelized cost of electricity,baseload,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14