- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Design and adaptability of photovoltaic air conditioning system based on office buildings
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) air conditioning (AC) is an effective way to solve the problems of energy consumption of office buildings. In this study, a set of parameters were designed for PV AC, including PV capacity, AC parameter, and inverter parameter. Then, the parameters were applied to a 20-m2 office building, and a PV AC system test platform was built. The test lasted for one year; the corresponding data including typical daily data and annual data were collected and analyzed. The results show that the PV AC system quickly decreases or increases the room temperature by ~9.5% and 17% in 1 h of cooling and heating periods, respectively, thus maintaining the room temperature within the set temperature range of ± 0.9 °C. The data also show that by proper design of parameters, a PV AC system can satisfy the electricity demand of AC. In the cooling period, heating period, and annual operation conditions, the PV system provided 114%, 73%, and 188% of the energy for the AC system, respectively. Next, economic calculations show that PV AC is suitable for office buildings. The local payback period is only 7.5 years; both the energy saving and emission reduction are significant.
关键词： Energy saving,Design of parameters,Office buildings,Photovoltaic air conditioning,Emission reduction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Southerly winds increase the electricity generated by solar photovoltaic systems
摘要： The urgent need to decarbonise energy supplies has prompted exponential growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems across the world. As the penetration of renewable energy sources increases, the need to accurately forecast electricity output heightens to ensure efficient energy system operation. While exposure to high temperatures and moisture are known to significantly reduce PV panel efficiency, the effects of wind on both PV panel temperature and electricity output are poorly resolved. Here, meteorological and PV panel production data from Westmill Solar Park, Oxfordshire, were examined to determine the influence of wind, cloud, ambient temperature and relative humidity. We found that, after solar radiation, relative humidity and cloud cover were the dominant controls of PV electricity output; increases in relative humidity and cloud cover were associated with decreased electricity outputs. However, when all other variables were held constant, the mean electricity generated under southerly winds was 20.4 – 42.9% greater than under northerly winds, with the difference greater at higher electricity outputs and attributable to differences in surface cooling capabilities caused by the PV array asymmetry. This finding suggests that PV electricity output predictions could be improved by incorporating wind direction into computer models. Moreover, there is potential to modify solar park design and deployment location to capitalise on wind benefits, especially in areas where panel temperatures are a leading cause of efficiency loss. Ensuring deployments are optimised for site environmental conditions could boost electricity outputs, and therefore profitability, with implications for system viability in post-subsidy markets.
关键词： Solar park design,Solar energy,Panel orientation,Temperature,Wind direction
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a New Compact Piezo-Driven Flexure Stage for Vertical Micro/Nanopositioning
摘要： This paper presents the design of a new compact one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) compliant stage driven by a piezoelectric actuator (PEA) for micro/nanopositioning in the vertical direction. An orthogonal compound bridge-type amplifier is introduced to amplify the displacement of the PEA. It significantly reduces the height of the stage and leads to a compact design. By analytical modeling of the mechanism, the design variables are determined, which are then optimized via the multiobjective genetic algorithm based on the finite-element analysis. Simulation results show that the 1-DOF stage is able to provide the maximum displacement of 181.18 μm in theory, which is more than 12 × the input displacement of PEA. Payload test results indicate that the stage can support a maximum load of about 80 N. Comparison study reveals that the presented vertical positioning stage offers a more compact structure than existing ones. A prototype is fabricated for experimental studies, and the deviation between the experimental and simulation results is discussed in detail. Moreover, closed-loop performance test exhibits a resolution of 10 nm for the developed vertical positioning stage.
关键词： flexure stage,piezoelectric actuator (PEA),micro/nanopositioning,Compliant mechanism,mechanism design
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Design Principles of Narrow and Wide Bandgap-Based Betavoltaic Batteries
摘要： A Monte Carlo electron transport code PENELOPE was used to analyze beta particle energy deposition in semiconductors for titanium tritide and beryllium tritide. The source thickness was incorporated into the model in order to take into account the self-absorption of beta particles in the source material. Furthermore, an isotropic source was modeled with the full beta energy spectrum of tritium to make the beta particle transport method more realistic. The simulated results for a 0.4-μm-thick titanium tritide source with silicon carbide agreed well with the experimental results. The simulated results obtained for an optimized 2.5-μm-thick beryllium tritide source with silicon carbide was about two times higher than the power for a 0.4-μm-thick titanium tritide source with silicon carbide. An approximately two times higher short-circuit current density was obtained for beryllium tritide with silicon compared to silicon carbide. However, the power output density was about 10× higher for silicon carbide. The width of the depletion region for a p-type dopant concentration of 1×1019/cm3 and an n-type dopant concentration of 5×1014/cm3 is about 1.4 and 2.5 μm in silicon and silicon carbide, respectively. The estimated beta particle penetration depth is about 1.48± 0.015 and 1.03 ± 0.015 μm in silicon and silicon carbide, respectively. This suggests that the proper choice of dopant concentrations will achieve greater energy deposition in the depletion region, which in turn will increase the power output.
关键词： design principles of betavoltaic batteries,Beta particle energy deposition,self-absorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Panda type few-mode fiber capable of both mode profile and polarization maintenance
摘要： We report the design, fabrication and characterization of panda type few-mode fiber (panda-FMF) capable of both mode profile and polarization maintenance, due to the use of two applied stress rods into the conventional FMF. The panda-FMF can support six spatial modes including LP01, LP11a, LP11b, LP21a, LP21b and LP02, and each possesses two orthogonal linear polarization modes. According to the characterization results of panda-FMF, we theoretically identify that the effective refractive index (RI) difference between either two spatial or orthogonal linear polarization modes is more than 1×10-4 over the C-band. Moreover, the experimental results verify that, both mode profile and polarization of high-order radially asymmetric modes can be perfectly maintained even under severe twist rate of 1.57 rad/m.
关键词： polarization-maintaining,fiber optics,Fiber design and fabrication,fibers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Hollow Core Antiresonant Fibers: Novel Designs, Materials and Applications
摘要： The development of hollow core optical fibers (HCs) based on the antiresonant optical principle is gaining a significant interest within the optical fiber research community due, among others, to their broadband transmission, mid-infrared and ultra-violet operation, as well as their unique ability to handle high optical power. In this work, we offer an update on our recent activities related to the introduction of novel HCs designs, the fabrication of HCs based on composite materials and, in particular, to the development of novel HCs for mid- infrared transmission. These novel forms of optical fibers may unable a range of novel, still unexplored applications.
关键词： fiber design and fabrication,microstructured fibers,fiber properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Continuously Tunable Resonator Using a Novel Triangular Doped Area on a Silicon Substrate
摘要： This letter presents a continuously tunable resonator with a novel triangular doped area on a silicon substrate. The resonator and its tunable element (an n junction) are co-designed in the same flow, leading to new tradeoffs and novel behaviors. The co-design flexibility allows the active area to be drawn with any doping shape. The base of the triangular doped area is located at the end of a stub. Consequently, when the junction is forward biased with a low bias voltage, the resonator is ended by a short circuit at the triangle base. Then, by increasing the voltage, the short-circuit plan moves continuously until it reaches the top of the triangle, thereby decreasing the length of the short-circuited stub. Besides, a demonstrator validates the concept and offers a continuous resonant frequency tunability of 50%, from 2.2 to 3.3 GHz, with a bias voltage from 0 to ?1.3 V.
关键词： co-design,Active filters,silicon (Si) devices,tunable resonators,p-i-n diode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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System level design of the ITER bolometer port plug cameras
摘要： The ITER bolometer diagnostic is planned to have 550 lines of sight (LOS) distributed all over the vessel. 240 channels are provided by cameras mounted in two upper ports and in one equatorial port. This paper describes the current status of the system level design of the port cameras and the solutions proposed on how to implement all required camera components while meeting a multitude of competing requirements. Sensor holders, support structures, and different apertures depending on the camera type (pinhole or collimator), cable connectors, ceramic track plates, and many mineral insulated cables have to be integrated within a restricted space envelope to guarantee functionality. The design of the internal electrical interfaces and the external mechanical mountings will be described as well. Using the example of an upper port camera with 60 LOS, the assembly of the camera components is explained and two currently discussed architecture options for the remote handling maintenance scheme in the hot cell are compared.
关键词： diagnostic,system level design,remote handling,bolometer,port plug cameras,ITER
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Langkawi, Malaysia (2018.4.9-2018.4.11)] 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Photonics (ICP) - Modal Properties of a Varied High Indexed Large Core 4-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber
摘要： A varied high indexed, large core 4-mode photonic crystal fiber is proposed. Consequences of variation in the refractive index of the materials used in the rings have been analyzed through the far field distribution and phase of each mode. The influence of different, air hole diameters and distances between the holes of the fiber is studied.
关键词： refractive index,germanium doped fiber,photonic crystal fiber,design
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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New Impressions in Interaction Design: A Task Taxonomy for Elastic Displays
摘要： Novel shape-changing interfaces promise to provide a rich haptic experience for human-computer interaction. As a specific instance of shape-changing interfaces, Elastic Displays provide large interaction surfaces that can be temporally deformed using force-touch. The unique property of these displays is that they automatically return to their initial flat state. Recently, several review and position papers have stimulated a discussion towards consolidating the knowledge about shape-changing interfaces. The knowledge about Elastic Displays is similarly scattered across multiple publications from recent years. This paper contributes a task taxonomy based on productive uses of Elastic Displays found in literature, on the web, and in our interaction lab. This taxonomy emphasizes tasks, but also encompasses general aspects regarding content types, visualization technology, and interaction styles. All aspects of the taxonomy are illustrated using case studies from literature.
关键词： Task Taxonomy,Organic User Interfaces,Human-computer Interaction,Physics-based Interaction,Shape-changing Interfaces,Interaction Design,Tangible Interaction,Elastic Displays
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01