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Spray-coated monodispersed SnO2 microsphere films as scaffold layers for efficient mesoscopic perovskite solar cells
摘要： Mesoporous SnO2 microspheres are a class of promising electron transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, but a smooth and dense film as requested by electron transport layer is difficult to realize using the microspheres. Here, a series of monodispersed SnO2 microspheres with high specific surface area and good crystallinity are synthesized via a surfactant-free solvothermal method. These SnO2 microspheres showing small diameters of about 75, 110 and 200 nm with narrow size distribution are achieved by precisely controlling the crystal growth process. They are suitable for constructing the electron transport layers whose thickness is only about hundreds nanometers. Besides, as the microspheres easily slip off from the substrate during the conventional spin coating process, the spray coating method is exploited to prepare high quality electron transport layers. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 16.85% is yielded by using the 75 nm sized SnO2 microspheres as the electron transport layers. This high power conversion efficiency is attributed to the fast electron transport and inhibited charge recombination. To further improve the charge transfer between the electron transport layer and perovskite layer, graphene quantum dots are added into the SnO2 microspheres, and a best efficiency of 17.08% is obtained.
关键词： Monodispersed SnO2 microspheres,Electron transport layer,Spray coating,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Low-temperature solution-combustion-processed Zn-Doped Nb2O5 as an electron transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
摘要： Niobium oxide (Nb2O5) has been demonstrated as an ideal electron transport layer (ETL) material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its excellent optical transmittance and high carrier mobility. Herein, a low-temperature (200°C) solution-combustion method is adopted to prepare the Nb2O5 film used as an ETL in PSCs. Under optimized conditions, PSC with the Nb2O5 ETL obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40%. Moreover, we find that Zn-doping of Nb2O5 can further improve the efficiency of the device. As a matter of fact, the results show that a champion PCE of 17.70% can be achieved for the PSC with a 5 mol% Zn-doped Nb2O5 ETL. Significantly, both Nb2O5- and Zn-doped Nb2O5-based devices exhibit obviously better stability than the traditional high-temperature-sintered (~500°C) mesoporous TiO2-based devices, maintaining 80% of their initial PCE after storage in air for 20 days. In contrast, the PCE of the device with a TiO2 ETL quickly drops to 30% of its initial value after 13 days under the same storage condition. Consequently, this work suggests that using Zn-doped Nb2O5 ETL prepared by the low-temperature solution-combustion method is promising towards efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Electron transport layer,Zinc doping,Niobium oxide,Low-temperature synthesis,Stability
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Elucidating the effect of shunt losses on the performance of mesoporous perovskite solar cells
摘要： Mesoporous perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) suffer from various types of charge carrier losses, where shunt losses usually dominate. Herein, we perform a systematic study to investigate the impact of such losses on the photovoltaic performance of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)-based MPSCs. The shunt losses in the MPSCs are attributed to the leakage current and the non-geminated recombination losses. We also demonstrate that these losses can be reduced by the incorporation of appropriate thickness of compact titanium oxide (c-TiO2) interlayer between FTO and mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2). As a result, MPSCs exhibit higher open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 23.27 mA cm?2, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.69% under one-sun illumination conditions. The improved device performance was attributed to (i) the efficient blocking of holes, (ii) the decrease of leakage current, and (iii) the suppression of the non-geminated recombination losses in the cells. The effect of the c-TiO2 layer thickness on the series resistance (RS), shunt resistance (RSh), and the non-geminated recombination were also discussed in detail.
关键词： Non-geminated recombination losses,Series and shunt resistance,Electron transport layer,Leakage current,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Influence of PbS Quantum Dots-Doped TiO2 Nanotubes in TiO2 Film as an Electron Transport Layer for Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
摘要： Lead sulfide quantum dots-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes (PbS QDs-doped TNTs) were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal and impregnation methods. A thin layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) comprising of PbS QDs-doped TNTs was applied as an electron transport layer (ETL) in order to improve the planar perovskite solar cell efficiency. The role of incorporating a high surface area of one-dimensional nanotube structure of TiO2 in the conventional TiO2 layer provided a special unidirectional charge transport and a high charge collection. Moreover, doping PbS QDs onto the surface of TNTs modified the electronic and optical properties of the ETL by downshifting the conduction band of TiO2 from ?4.22 to ?4.58 eV, therefore promoting the driving force of an electron injection to the transparent conductive electrode. By varying the concentration of PbS QDs-doped TNTs dispersed in 2-butanol from 0.1 to 0.9 mg/mL, a concentration of 0.3 mg/mL PbS QDs-doped TNTs was the optimum concentration to be mixed with TiO2 solution for the ETL deposition. The best perovskite solar cell performance with the optimum loading of PbS QDs-doped TNTs provided 14.95% power conversion efficiency, which was increased from 12.82% obtained from the cell with pristine TiO2 film as ETL.
关键词： PbS quantum dots (PbS QDs),perovskite solar cells (PSCs),TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs),Electron transport layer (ETL)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Kyoto, Japan (2019.7.2-2019.7.5)] 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Entire Low-Temperature Processes via Brookite TiO <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticle Electron Transport Layer
摘要： Electron transport layer (ETL) is well known as a crucial factor that affects power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Low temperature process on ETL has been highly considered for the future of low cost and roll to roll process in mass production of PSCs industrialization. Herein, we demonstrate the low-temperature (<180 oC) processes of pure phase, single crystalline brookite TiO2 nanoparticle (BK TiO2 NPs) layer as an ETL of PSCs, followed by different concentrations of TiCl4 treatment (20mM, 40mM, 60mM and 80mM). By using BK TiO2 NPs with the low temperature process (<180 oC), our device exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency of 15.49% in planar-type PSCs, indicating that the BK TiO2 NPs layer is a new candidate of ETL that can be fabricated in low temperature processes. The optimized TiCl4 concentration is 40mM for the surface treatment of BK TiO2 NPs, which results in the enhancement of PCE, reproducibility and the supression of hysteresis. Probably, the 40mM of TiCl4 treatment improves the interface between the perovskite and BK TiO2 NPs layers and promotes the efficient charge extraction. Thus, the present work is expected to provide an important technology to realize the low-cost planar PSCs produced in entire low-temperature processes.
关键词： electron transport layer,perovskite solar cells,TiCl4 treatment,brookite TiO2 nanoparticles,low-temperature processes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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TiO <sub/>2</sub> /WO <sub/>3</sub> Bilayer as Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 20%
摘要： It is crucial to retard the carrier recombination and minimize the energy loss at the transparent electrode/electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite absorber interfaces to improve the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a bilayered TiO2/WO3 film is designed as ETL by combining atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology and spin-coating process. The ALD-TiO2 underlayer fills the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) valleys and makes the surface smoother, which effectively avoids the shunt pathways between perovskite layer and FTO substrate and thereby suppresses electron–hole recombination at the interface. Moreover, the presence of hydrophilic TiO2 underlayer is helpful in forming a uniform and compact WO3 layer which is beneficial for extracting electron from perovskite to ETL. Meanwhile, the lower valance band minimum level of TiO2 relative to WO3 can efficiently enhance the hole-blocking ability. By employing the optimized TiO2 (7 nm)/WO3 bilayer as ETL, the resulting cell exhibits an obviously enhanced power conversion efficiency of up to 20.14%, which is much better than the single WO3 or TiO2 ETL based device. This work is expected to provide a viable path to design ultrathin and compact ETL for efficient PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layer,perovskite solar cells,TiO2,WO3,ALD
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of an Al-doped ZnO electron transport layer on the efficiency of inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Doping is a widely-implemented strategy for enhancing the inherent electrical properties of metal oxide charge transport layers in photovoltaic devices because higher conductivity of electron transport layer (ETL) can increment the photocurrent by reducing the series resistance. To improve the conductivity of ETL, in this study we doped the ZnO layer with aluminum (Al), then investigated the influence of AZO on the performance of inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells based on poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-[3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]-thieno-[3,4-b]thiophenediyl ]] (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl-ester (PC71BM). The measured conductivity of AZO was ~10-3 S/cm, which was two orders of magnitude higher than that of intrinsic ZnO (~10-5 S/cm). By decreasing the series resistance (Rs) in a device with an AZO layer, the short circuit current (Jsc) increased significantly from 15.663 mA/cm2 to 17.040 mA/cm2. As a result, the device with AZO exhibited an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.984%.
关键词： ZnO,organic photovoltaics,conductivity,doping,electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Simultaneous Contact and Grain‐Boundary Passivation in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using SnO <sub/>2</sub> ‐KCl Composite Electron Transport Layer
摘要： The performance of perovskite solar cells is sensitive to detrimental defects, which are prone to accumulate at the interfaces and grain boundaries of bulk perovskite films. Defect passivation at each region will lead to reduced trap density and thus less nonradiative recombination loss. However, it is challenging to passivate defects at both the grain boundaries and the bottom charge transport layer/perovskite interface, mainly due to the solvent incompatibility and complexity in perovskite formation. Here SnO2-KCl composite electron transport layer (ETL) is utilized in planar perovskite solar cells to simultaneously passivate the defects at the ETL/perovskite interface and the grain boundaries of perovskite film. The K and Cl ions at the ETL/perovskite interface passivate the ETL/perovskite contact. Meanwhile, K ions from the ETL can diffuse through the perovskite film and passivate the grain boundaries. An enhancement of open-circuit voltage from 1.077 to 1.137 V and a corresponding power conversion efficiency increasing from 20.2% to 22.2% are achieved for the devices using SnO2-KCl composite ETL. The composite ETL strategy reported herein provides an avenue for defect passivation to further increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
关键词： electron transport layer,perovskite solar cells,defect passivation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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MoS2 decorated with graphene and polyaniline nanocomposite as an electron transport layer for OLED applications
摘要： The incorporation of two-dimensional MoS2 and GO (graphene oxide) into polyaniline (PANI) matrix emerges as a productive way for the enhancement in electrical and optical assets of pure PANI. The ternary nanocomposite PANI–rGO–MoS2 (PGM) is synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant with varying MoS2 contents. The surface morphological images of PGM nanocomposites declared the coating of PANI nanofibers, and GO sheets over stacked MoS2 sheets are investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The interaction between polyaniline, reduced graphene oxide, and molybdenum disulfide was established by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The bandgap was calculated for optimized PGM3 nanocomposite, nearly 1.21 eV with a relatively slow decay component and a higher non-radiative rate of electron–hole recombination. The photoluminescence spectra of PGM3 nanocomposite showed four bands: violet, blue, green–blue, and green. The chromaticity was observed in the deep blue region with a color purity of 70%. The conductivity of the optimized PGM3 nanocomposite was enhanced by 184.43% as compared to pristine PANI. These results justified that the optimized PGM3 nanocomposite is a suitable candidate as an effective electron transport layer for high performance in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices.
关键词： graphene oxide,MoS2,nanocomposite,electron transport layer,OLED,polyaniline
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Highly flexible and solution-processed organic photodiodes and their application to optical luminescent oxygen sensors
摘要： We present a solution-processed flexible organic photodiode (f-OPD) with a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure based on a blend of poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C61 (P3HT:PCBM). We used Cs2CO3-doped polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (d-PEIE) as the electron transport layer (ETL) material, which significantly improved the electron injection properties of the f-OPD. Compared with f-OPDs with conventional ETL materials such as Cs2CO3, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the d-PEIE-based f-OPD was highly improved. Analytical results showed that the d-PEIE reduced the work function of the cathode, thereby facilitating the efficiency of electron injection from the active layer (AL) to the cathode of the f-OPD. In addition, after 10,000 cycles of tensile bending at a bending radius of 5 mm, the normalized ID variation (ID/ID0) in the d-PEIE-based f-OPD remained above 90%, indicating an excellent device bending stability. Finally, f-OPD-based luminescent oxygen (O2) sensors were successfully fabricated consisting of a photoluminescent O2 sensing film, a light source, and an f-OPD. The O2 sensors based on d-PEIE-based f-OPDs showed the highest photocurrent and O2 sensitivity in relation to the O2 concentration compared with O2 sensors based on f-OPDs with conventional ETL materials.
关键词： organic photodiodes,electron transport layer,Cs2CO3,polyethyleneimine ethoxylated
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36