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Life Cycle Analysis of Double-Arm Type Robotic Tools for LCD Panel Handling
摘要： This study includes a life cycle assessment of double-arm type robotic tools made with three different materials. The robotic arms are used for Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panel handling. The environmental impacts generated during all the life stages of the robots have been investigated. The study shows that composite materials have less environmental impact compared with metallic materials. It is also found that the most significant impact category generated by the robotic tools is carcinogen, while the use stage of the robotic tool's life cycle has the greatest environmental impact.
关键词： environmental impact,robotic tool,green manufacturing,life cycle assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[SpringerBriefs in Energy] Grid Parity and Carbon Footprint (An Analysis for Residential Solar Energy in the Mediterranean Area) ||
摘要： In the context of global warming, big cities’ atmosphere is always more contaminated and natural disasters in augmentation, solar energy, and more generally renewable energies are sources of great enthusiasm. Besides, thanks to recent improvements in technologies, the costs of photovoltaic (PV) have strongly declined in the last decades and are now accessible for particulars. The purpose of this project is then to study the economic profitability of solar energy for a residential use. A common and appropriate tool for this is the grid parity. This term, largely used in the literature, refers to the moment when producing electricity from solar modules will have the same cost than buying it from the grid. Grid parity depends mainly on the geographic position (as solar irradiation is very different from a place to another) and on the local electricity price. Consequently, a country with expensive electricity and a high rate of irradiation is more likely to reach grid parity soon. In the present study, the geographic framework chosen is the Mediterranean area, which includes countries with similar climates but with other differences sufficiently important to obtain interesting comparative results. The PV system used in the following model is a basic one since it does not include energy storage or resale to the grid, which gives a conservative perspective to the study. Extensive financial analysis is conducted in order to determine under which conditions it is the most profitable. The secondary objective is to evaluate the environmental impact of solar energy, mainly by carrying out carbon footprint analysis. It basically consists in comparing the emissions released by the manufacturing process of the modules to the reduction obtained thanks to its utilization. This study is first realized at an individual level and, then, is generalized at a national one in order to measure what could be the contribution of a massive investment in residential solar energy to the Paris agreement objectives.
关键词： Mediterranean area,Carbon footprint,Residential solar energy,Economic profitability,Environmental impact,Photovoltaic energy,Grid parity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules || Emerging Thin Film Solar Panels
摘要： Utilizing of photovoltaics (PVs) has been rapidly developing over the past two decades due to its potential for transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy based economies. However, PVs as fuel less energy sources will be sustainable if some issues such as raw materials abundance, production cost, and environmental impacts carefully addressed in their value chains. Among PV technologies, thin film solar panels have been illustrated the potential to reach the sustainability. In this chapter we review some studies about environmental impacts of thin film PVs through life cycle assessment (LCA) and some environmental fate modeling. For the PV technologies, LCA studies need to be conducted to address environmental and energy impacts and encourage the development of PV technologies in a better sustainable way. Three methods of impact assessment in LCA are reviewed and compared, namely, Energy Payback Time (EPBT), Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission rate, owing to data and information published in the literature. Generally, most results show promising potential of emerging thin film PVs, especially perovskite solar cells, to reach the best sustainable solution among PV technologies in near future.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,sustainable energy,emerging thin film photovoltaics,life cycle assessment,environmental impact
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A socio-psychological model of laser levelling impacts assessment
摘要： Application of technologies has an important role in agricultural development. Identifying and assessing the impacts of agricultural technologies is necessary. This study aimed at assessing the impacts of laser levelling economically, socially, environmentally, and technically in the viewpoint of the agricultural experts and identifying factors determining their perception of the impacts. The study samples (151 experts) were selected using multi-stage random sampling in Fars Province, Iran. The results revealed that experts considered uniform distribution of water, using conservation tillage, facilitating agricultural activities, decreased water consumption and decrease of water wasting as the most important technical impacts of laser levelling technology. The most environmentally important impacts were the decrease of soil erosion and retention of crop residues. Experts stated the most significant social impacts as improvement in villages living conditions and sense of belonging to rural areas. Besides, an increase of income and reduction of inputs costs were among the economic impacts of laser levelling technology. According to the results, attitude towards water and soil resources conservation and environmental beliefs had the highest direct effect on individual perception toward impacts. Practical recommendations have been presented based on the results of the study.
关键词： Laser land levelling,Iran,Structural equation modeling,Environmental impact assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Pb-Based Perovskite Solar Cells and the Underlying Pollution behind Clean Energy: Dynamic Leaching of Toxic Substances from Discarded Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Toxicants like Pb in lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) may become available to humans through leaching and transport through water, air, and soil. Here, we summarize the potential toxicity of di?erent substances in PSCs and determine the leaching concentration of typical heavy metals used in PSCs through dynamic leaching tests (DLTs). Extraction ?uids for the standard toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure, and deionized water were used as the DLT leaching solutions. Results indicated that the leaching concentration of Pb exceeded the hazardous waste limit of 5 mg/L. In addition, Pb was found to continuously leach out in the leaching cycles of water extraction. The ?ndings con?rmed that discarded PSCs may release Pb when subjected to water, rain, and land?ll leachate. Total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand analyses indicated that discarded PSCs could increase the oxygen consumption and may release CO2 into the environment.
关键词： leaching,Pb-based perovskite solar cells,toxic substances,environmental impact,hazardous waste
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Environmental benefits and economic feasibility of a photovoltaic assisted heat pump water heater
摘要： This work presents a techno-economic study which evaluates the environmental benefits and the economic feasibility of a photovoltaic assisted compact heat pump water heater. The system heats water for domestic consumption in a 190 litres tank. The heat pump is simultaneously powered by the grid and PV panels, although the system was designed to prioritize the PV energy supply. The system does not use batteries and does not feed electricity to the grid. Based on experimental measurements during one year, the study analyses the efficiency of the system for a 4 family members domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. The experimental data shows that the system is friendly to the grid, showing low peak loads and not feeding to the grid. A techno-economic analysis which considers the lifetime cost of the system as well as its environmental benefits has been carried out. The techno-economic analysis shows the benefits of this system when it is compared to: a DHW heat pump without PV, an electrical heater, a boiler and a boiler + solar thermal collectors. The total annualized cost of the system, for a period of 25 years and an electricity price of 0.2 €/kWh, has been quantified at 337 €/year. Furthermore, the system has been found to reduce the non-renewable primary energy consumption by 79% and the CO2 emissions by 82% in comparison with a boiler. Finally, experimental correlations of the system performance are proposed, so that the results of this work can be extended to other locations with similar climates.
关键词： Environmental impact,Solar energy,Economic feasibility,Heat pump,Photovoltaics,Water heater
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Environmental analysis of selective laser melting in the manufacturing of aeronautical turbine blades
摘要： The exponential growth of additive manufacturing technologies is not only improving production processes to achieve functional requirements for products, but it could also help to minimize environmental impacts. In order to align a green product lifecycle management vision, companies need to implement emerging technologies and define a set of metrics that measure the benefits of the change. Each product requires a particular and optimized manufacturing process plan, and each production phase must achieve a significant reduction of critical metrics for the whole Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper provides a comprehensive and comparative LCA of two manufacturing process plans for the case study of an aircraft engine turbine blade. The first process consists of a combination of Investment Casting and Precision Machining and the second consists in the replacement of Investment casting by Selective Laser Melting as an emergent process for near net shape fabrication. The collected data for the comparison includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Ozone layer Depletion Potential (ODP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), and Human Toxicity (HT) with cancer and non-cancer effects. The relative analysis shows that, for the critical indicators, an apparent improvement in CO2 emissions reduction is achieved as well as in the other hazardous emissions. The results showed that the whole lifecycle of Conventional Manufacturing corresponds to 7.32 tons of CO2, while, the emission of the Additive Manufacturing is 7.02 tons of CO2. The results analysis can be used for decision-making, and it can help for facing future comparative works to explore cleaner manufacturing technologies.
关键词： Aerospace Manufacturing,Selective Laser Melting,Life Cycle Assessment,Environmental Impact,Additive Manufacturing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Interdisciplinary Collaborations to Address the Uncertainty Problem in Life Cycle Assessment of Nano-enabled Products: Case of the Quantum Dot-enabled Display
摘要： Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool for assessing the environmental impacts of established processes and products. However, its use in decision-making for sustainable development of emerging technologies is challenging. High levels of uncertainty and lack of data over the complete value chain associated with nascent nano-enabled products (NEPs) makes it difficult to perform LCA studies early in the design process. This study addresses the uncertainty problem faced by LCA, and a demonstration is performed with a case study of quantum dot (QD)-enabled display. The study at hand proposes a dynamic life cycle assessment (dLCA) framework, which emphasizes iterative evaluation and collaborative efforts to tackle the data scarcity problem faced by retrospective (traditional) LCA. Experimental study of two commercially available QD-enabled displays (hand-held tablet with CdSe QD-enabled display and TV set with InP QD-enabled display) is performed for data collection of QD amount and release. After complete digestion, the experimental result shows that the concentration of CdSe (3.92 ± 0.32 μg/cm2) in the QD enhancement film (QDEF) of Tablet is comparable with the concentration of InP (3.56 ± 0.24 μg/cm2) in the QDEF of TV. After accounting for the experimental results, the second traversal of dLCA is performed, and it shows that cumulative energy demand (CED) per unit area for InP QD-enabled displays is 5.28 x 10-3 MJ/cm2 (first traversal was 2.59 x 101 MJ/cm2) and CdSe QD-enabled displays is 3.92 x 10-4 MJ/cm2 (first traversal was 4.32 x 10-2 MJ/cm2). This study highlights the role of collaborative research between life cycle modelers and experimentalists to improve the credibility of LCA results for emerging NEPs. Even though this study is based on the case of QD-enabled displays, the proposed dLCA framework and interdisciplinary collaboration method can also be applied to other emerging technologies.
关键词： Quantum Dots,Environmental Impact,Life Cycle Assessment,Nano-enabled Products,Dynamic LCA
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A review of inorganic UV filters zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO <sub/>2</sub> )
摘要： Photoprotection has become integral in the prevention of keratinocyte cancer and photoaging. Organic UV filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate have become controversial due to their potential impact on the environmental and their potential human health risks. As such, inorganic UV filters, ZnO and TiO2, have become paramount in discussions about photoprotection. ZnO and TiO2 are used in sunscreens as nanoparticles, which denotes a size less than 100nm. The smaller size of these mineral particles increases their cosmetic acceptability by users as they are much less visible after application. ZnO has a broad UVA-UVB absorption curve, while TiO2 provides better UVB protection. Overall, the human health risks with inorganic filters are extremely low given a lack of percutaneous absorption; however, there is potential risk when exposed via inhalation, prompting recommendations against spray sunscreen products with nanoparticles. At this time, the known risk to the environment is low though the risk stratification may evolve with increasing usage of these filters and higher environmental concentrations. The continued practice of photoprotection is critical. The public should be counseled to seek shade, use photoprotective clothing including hats and glasses in addition to sunscreens on sun-exposed skin. For those concerned about emerging evidence of environmental impact of organic UV filters, based on current evidence, ZnO and TiO2-containing sunscreens are safe alternatives.
关键词： environmental impact,titanium dioxide,photoprotection,inorganic UV filters,nanoparticles,zinc oxide,health risks,sunscreen
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Energetic, economic and environmental (3E) analyses and LCOE estimation of three technologies of PV grid-connected systems under different climates
摘要： Recently, solar energy is considered as the most promising renewable energy source, due to the availability and advancement of the solar technologies. This paper presents an extensive energy, economic and environmental analysis of 2.04 kWp of polycrystalline (p-Si), 2.04 kWp of monocrystalline (m-Si) and 1.86 kWp of amorphous on microcrystalline (a-Si/μc-Si) identical PV systems installed on the rooftop of 20 different institutional buildings, located in various Moroccan sites. Based on the analysis conducted, annual results are predicted with respect to hourly meteorological data and performance characteristics of each technology are examined using energetic, economic and environmental indexes (3E analysis). Daily simulation results were compared with actual recorded data for one of the geographical site (Meknes city) and good matching between simulated and recorded data has been achieved to prove its validity. The energetic analysis has shown that poly-Si modules surpassed the mono-Si and amorphous-Si modules in terms of performance, capacity factor and conversion efficiency. Besides, economic analysis has been conducted to determine the discounted payback period and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for 20 Moroccan cities and the results have shown that p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si offered the 20-city average of 17.1, 21.6 and 28.6 years payback period, respectively. Moreover, LCOE has been determined for each city and the results reveal that p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si types PV modules presented the average of 9.02, 10.13 and 12.53 cent€/kWh, respectively. Finally, the environmental analysis has revealed that average of 1.316, 1.286 and 1.051 tons of CO2 per kWp can be reduced by adopting the p-Si, m-Si and a-Si/μc-Si PV modules in the studied locations. The findings confirm the potential of the examined technologies and elucidate specific conclusions for the practice of such systems under Morocco’s climate.
关键词： Performance,Environmental impact,Economic analysis,Grid-connected PV
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14