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Recent progress in encapsulation strategies to enhance the stability of organometal halide perovskite solar cells
摘要： Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation thin-film solar cells. Over the past ten years, the efficiency of PSCs has increased from 3.8% to over 25% through the optimization of perovskite film formulation and the engineering of suitable fabrication strategies and device architectures. However, the relatively poor long-term device stability, which has not been able to exceed some hundreds of hours until now, represents one of the key aspects still hampering their widespread diffusion to commercial contexts. After briefly introducing the origin and basic mechanisms behind PSC degradation and performance decline, a systematic outline and classification of the available strategies to improve the long-term stability of this class of photovoltaic devices will be presented, mainly focusing on encapsulation procedures. Indeed, the aim of this review is to offer an in-depth and updated account of the existing encapsulation methods for PSCs according to the present understanding of reliability issues. More specifically, an analysis of currently available encapsulation materials and on their role in limiting the penetration of UV light and external agents, such as water vapour and oxygen, will be proposed. In addition, a thorough discussion on various encapsulation techniques and configurations will be presented, highlighting specific strengths and limitations of the different approaches. Finally, possible routes for future research to enhance the effectiveness of the most performing encapsulation procedures will be suggested and new paths to be explored for further improvements in the field will be proposed.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,long-term stability,encapsulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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High-performing self-driven ultraviolet photodetector by TiO2/Co3O4 photovoltaics
摘要： Ultraviolet (UV) may provide the essential to maintain the human body and metabolism, however, excessive exposure to UV light is absolutely harmful. We may take advantage of the strong UV energy for energy conversion devices. A stable, simple and scalable heterojunction (TiO2/Co3O4) thin film was developed for UV-absorbing and visible-blind photovoltaic. Effective hole transport layer (HTL, NiO) insertion established photovoltaics, having a power conversion efficiency of 15.8%. The heterojunction exhibits the improved carrier lifetime from 1.94 ms to 9 ms, resulting in the enhancement of both photovoltage and photocurrent from 0.17 V to 0.78 V and from 0.54 mA cm-2 to 13.5 mA cm-2, respectively. The TiO2/Co3O4 device exhibits a photoresponse to a UV light intensity of 60 μW cm-2 in the presence of sunlight and works stable for over a year. The results indicate metal oxide heterojunction (TiO2/Co3O4) photovoltaic device could be useful for monitoring UV radiation exposure and cost-effective self-powered UV optoelectronics. The functional utilization of metal oxide layers would provide strong benefits for photoelectric devices, such as photodetectors and transparent solar cells.
关键词： Metal oxide,Visible-blind UV photodetector,TiO2/Co3O4 photovoltaics,Long-term stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Impact of peripheral groups on novel asymmetric phthalocyanine-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Three novel asymmetrical substituted phthalocyaninecobalt with nitro and (4-butyl formate) phenoxy, (4-propenyl-2-methoxy) phenoxy or (4-methyl formate) phenoxy as different bulky peripheral groups (CoPcNO2-OBFPh, CoPcNO2-OPMPh, CoPcNO2-OMFPh) are successfully developed and applied as dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The impact of the different peripheral groups on properties of these phthalocyanines is also investigated. For the modification of bulky aroxy peripheral groups, all of the three metallophthalocyanines exhibit good solubility, suitable hole mobility, high thermal stability, and appropriate HOMO and LUMO energy levels. The most effective device based on CoPcNO2-OBFPh demonstrates an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.91% under AM 1.5G standard conditions, while CoPcNO2-OPMPh and CoPcNO2-OMFPh devices exhibit relative lower PCE of 11.81% and 9.47% respectively. In addition, CoPcNO2-OBFPh-based PSC shows the best stability after 1008 h in air with 50% relative humidity at room temperature.
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Long-term stability,Hole transporting material,phthalocyanine,Peripheral Groups
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Graphdiynea??Based Flexible Photodetectors with High Responsivity and Detectivity
摘要： Graphdiyne (GDY), a newly emerging 2D carbon allotrope, has been widely explored in various fields owing to its outstanding electronic properties such as the intrinsic bandgap and high carrier mobility. Herein, GDY-based photoelectrochemical-type photodetection is realized by spin-coating ultrathin GDY nanosheets onto flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. The GDY-based photodetectors (PDs) demonstrate excellent photo-responsive behaviors with high photocurrent (Pph, 5.98 μA cm-2), photoresponsivity (Rph, 1086.96 μA W-1), detectivity (7.31 × 1010 Jones), and excellent long-term stability (more than 1 month). More importantly, the PDs maintain an excellent Pph after 1000 cycles of bending (4.45 μA cm-2) and twisting (3.85 μA cm-2), thanks to the great flexibility of the GDY structure that is compatible with the flexible PET substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are adopted to explore the electronic characteristics of GDY, which provides evidence for the performance enhancement of GDY in alkaline electrolyte. In this way, the GDY-based flexible PDs can enrich the fundamental study of GDY and pave the way for the exploration of GDY heterojunction-based photodetection.
关键词： photoelectrochemical,photodetection,graphdiyne,flexible devices,long-term stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Surface-defect passivation through complexation with organic molecules leads to enhanced power conversion efficiency and long term stability of perovskite photovoltaics
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl, Br, I) possess a unique combination of excellent electronic and photoelectrochemical properties including suitable and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy in the range of 9–80 meV, high extinction coefficient, and long electron and hole diffusion lengths, which make them excellent photovoltaic materials. The perovskite layer is at the core of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), whose quality would directly determine the device performance. The deficiency of long-term stability of the hybrid perovskite material has been one of the greatest barriers to the commercialization of PSCs. One of the most important strategies to achieve stable solar cells is to improve the intrinsic stability of the materials. Most recently, Wang et al. reported an in-depth systematic study on molecular defect passivation approaches through the interaction between organic functional groups and demonstrated both enhanced PCE and long term stability.
关键词： long term stability,power conversion efficiency,perovskite photovoltaics,surface-defect passivation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Aminosilane‐Modified CuGaO <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticles Incorporated with CuSCN as a Hole‐Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Herein, solution-processible inorganic hole-transport layer (HTL) of a perovskite solar cell that consists of CuGaO2 nanoparticles and CuSCN, which leads to an improved device performance as well as long-term stability, is reported. Uniform films of CuGaO2 are prepared by first treating CuGaO2 nanoparticles with aminosilane that leads to well-dispersed CuGaO2 solution, followed by spin-coating of the suspension. Subsequent spin-coating of CuSCN solution onto the CuGaO2 forms a smooth HTL with excellent coverage and electrical conductivity. Comparing to the reference device with CuSCN HTL, the CuGaO2/CuSCN device improves carrier extraction and reduces trap density by ≈40%, as measured by photoluminescence and capacitance analysis. Excellent thermal stability is also demonstrated: ≈80% of the initial efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with the CuGaO2/CuSCN HTL is retained after 400 h under 85 °C/85% relative humidity environment.
关键词： CuGaO2,CuSCN,perovskite solar cells,long-term stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Latticea??Matching Structurallya??Stable 1D@3D Perovskites toward Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
摘要： The stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been identified to be the bottleneck toward their industrialization. With the aim of tackling this challenge, a 1D PbI2-bipyridine (BPy)(II) perovskite is fabricated, which is shown to be capable of in situ assembly of a 1D@3D perovskite that is promoted by a PbI2-dimethyl sulfoxide complex with a skeletal linear chain structure. The as-prepared 1D@3D perovskite is observed to demonstrate extremely high stability under external large electric fields in humid environments by means of an in situ characterization technique. This stability is associated with its well lattice-matching heterojunction structure between 1D and 3D heterojunction domains. Importantly, ion migration is alleviated through blocking of the ion-migration channels. Accordingly, the 1D@3D hybrid PSC shows a power conversion efficiency of 21.18% maintaining remarkably high long-term stability in the presence of water, illumination, and external electric fields. This rational design and microstructure study of 1D@3D perovskites provides a new paradigm that may enable higher efficiency and stability of PSCs.
关键词： lattice matching,structural reconstruction,perovskite solar cells,dimension controlling,long-term stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Role of Carbon Nanotubes to Enhance the Long-Term Stability of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Improving the long-term stability of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is a critical challenge which affects both their technical viability and future large-scale commercialization. Here, we investigate the role of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in improving the long-term stability of DSSCs by comparing the performance of two series of devices made of (i) bare nanocrystalline TiO2 and (ii) MWCNTs-TiO2 composite anode, exposed to continuous simulated sunlight, indoor and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The DSSCs based on the composite anode showed approximately three times longer stability compared to the standard device. To understand the degradation mechanisms that underpin these changes in device performance, both devices were characterized using various techniques. The results indicate that the MWCNTs can act as a conductive support, reinforcing the TiO2 nanoparticles matrix and offering a directional path to the photo-injected electrons, which enhances electron lifetime and reduces the carrier recombination rate. UV stability measurements demonstrated that MWCNTs can partially absorb and act as a blocking agent for UV light, thereby preventing degradation. The Raman spectra showed that dye desorption was decreased by the addition of MWCNTs. Our results provide a fundamental understanding of photoanode degradation mechanisms under illumination and offer a simple, low-cost and large-area scalable approach to fabricate long-term stable solar energy conversion devices.
关键词： Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,Long-term stability,Dye-sensitized solar cells,hybrid composite,degradation mechanism
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Highly stable and efficient planar perovskite solar cells using ternary metal oxide electron transport layers
摘要： In planar perovskite solar cells, the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a vital role in effective extraction and transportation of photogenerated electrons from the perovskite layer to the cathode. Ternary metal oxides exhibit excellent potentials as ETLs since their electrical and optical properties are attunable through simple compositional adjustments. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc tin oxide (ZTO) films as highly efficient ETLs for perovskite solar cells. We observe poor compatibility between ZnO and perovskite which impedes device reproducibility, stability, and performance unlike ZTO ETL devices. Furthermore, we modify the ZTO/perovskite interface by introducing a thin passivating SnO2 interlayer. The Zn1Sn1Ox/SnO2 ETL device demonstrates paramount power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.01% with corresponding short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) values of 21.93 mA cm?2, 1.10 V, and 78.82%. Moreover, the Zn1Sn1Ox/SnO2 ETL device displays superior stability, maintaining 90% of its initial PCE after 90 days in the absence of encapsulation at relative humidity of 30–40%. Enhancement in charge extraction, favourable energy alignment, and reduction in recombination sites greatly contribute to the optimal performance, stability, and reproducibility of the Zn1Sn1Ox/SnO2 ETL device.
关键词： Photovoltaic performance,Zinc tin oxide,Electron transport layer,Perovskite solar cells,Long-term stability
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Roll-to-roll printed stable and thickness-independent ZnO:PEI composite electron transport layer for inverted organic solar cells
摘要： Large-scale roll-to-roll (R2R) micro-gravure printing is one of the most e?ective fabrication techniques to achieve the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). In the high-performance OSC devices, the electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role. In this paper, a composite ink of ZnO and polyethylenimine (PEI) was developed to fabricate large-area ETL for the inverted OSCs through R2R micro-gravure printing. It was found that the modi?cation of ZnO nanoparticles by PEI e?ectively improved ink stability and enhanced the mechanical property. Using R2R micro-gravure printing, the thickness and coverage of the ZnO: PEI ?lms were well regulated through changing the printing roller speed and web speed. Consequently, a high-power conversion e?ciency around 6% was obtained for the ?exible PTB7-Th: PC71BM device with the thickness of R2R printed ZnO: PEI layer up to 120 nm, demonstrating the high printability of this ZnO: PEI composite material for the use in printed ?exible OSCs as the interface layer.
关键词： Organic solar cells,Roll-to-roll printing,Thickness-independent,Long-term stability,ZnO: PEI composite materials
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52