1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the development of a TiO2/Co3O4 heterojunction thin film for UV-absorbing and visible-blind photovoltaic applications. The methodology included the use of reactive sputtering for film deposition and the insertion of a NiO hole transport layer to enhance device performance.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The samples were prepared on glass, FTO/glass, and Si substrates, cleaned ultrasonically and dried using flowing N2. The TiO2 and Co3O4 layers were deposited using sputtering techniques, followed by thermal treatment.

3：The TiO2 and Co3O4 layers were deposited using sputtering techniques, followed by thermal treatment. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a 4-inch sputtering facility, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, JEOL, JSM_7800F), X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku, SmartLab), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2600), and potentiostat/galvanostats (WonA Tech, ZIVE SP2). Materials included Ti, Co, and Ni targets for sputtering, Ag paste for back contact, and various substrates.

4：2). Materials included Ti, Co, and Ni targets for sputtering, Ag paste for back contact, and various substrates. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The process involved depositing TiO2 and Co3O4 layers, inserting a NiO layer, and applying Ag paste as a contact. The devices were then characterized for their photovoltaic and photodetection properties.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The performance of the devices was analyzed using J-V curves, photovoltage decay measurements, and transient photoresponse analysis to determine efficiency, responsivity, and detectivity.