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A CSRR-Based Sensor for Full Characterization of Magneto-Dielectric Materials
摘要： In this paper, a novel complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based sensor for full characterization of magneto-dielectric materials is proposed. In general, the operation of microwave resonance-based sensor hinges on the shift in the resonance frequency and the change in the quality factor of the loaded structure. However, both the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the material under test (MUT) have similar effect on the response of the sensor that makes the simultaneous determination of the permittivity and permeability challenging. To remove this difficulty, the main idea behind this paper is to localize the highest intensity of the electric and magnetic fields in two separate zones. By the analysis of the measured resonance frequency and quality factor, the real and imaginary parts of the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability of the MUT can be determined. Although the characterization of the permittivity and permeability of materials using split-ring resonator and CSRR-based sensors has been widely used, to the best of our knowledge, the full characterization of magneto-dielectric materials using a single sensor has not yet been reported in this paper. As a proof of concept, the sensor was fabricated and used to measure the permittivity and permeability of several materials. Strong agreement between the extracted values and the reference data was achieved.
关键词： sensor,Complementary split ring resonator (CSRR),material characterization,split ring resonator (SRR),magneto-dielectric materials,permittivity and permeability
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE) - Batam, Indonesia (2018.10.3-2018.10.4)] 2018 International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE) - Epoxy Adhesive as Die Attach Material in Semiconductor Packaging: A Review
摘要： Semiconductor packaging generally includes many steps such as wafer mounting, wafer dicing, die attach or die bonding, wire bonding, molding, plating, marking, and trim form. Die attach process is one of the crucial process in electronics packaging or semiconductor packaging. So, the die attaches material is an important part of this process. Die attach materials are commonly divided into some categories. The categories cover high and low-temperature application. Some kinds of die attach materials are alternative resins, epoxy adhesive, soft soldering, die attach solders and silver-glass material. In this study focuses to review epoxy adhesive material in die attach process.
关键词： epoxy adhesive material,die attach,semiconductor packaging,material characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Assessment of LED lamps components and materials for a recycling perspective
摘要： LED lamps have already conquered the market of general lighting. This new product will generate a substantial flow of e-waste requiring studies for the correct management, especially concerning recycling alternatives. This study proposes a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components (carcass, LEDs, printed circuit board and LED module). After manual disassembling, polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the metals by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and acid leaching followed by ICP-OES analysis. By the novelty of separating and characterizing the LED lamp’s components, a process which has not yet been studied, the results allow for a better interpretation of the different materials distribution within the lamps which is essential to improve the efficiency of a recycling route. To exemplify, the element gallium, which has a recycling appeal from the LEDs, is present in a larger quantity in the printed circuit boards. The study also provides an analysis of the materials recycling rates and economic values, and the comparison with the concentration of natural ores. Thus, it was possible to discuss about target components and materials and the recycling alternatives for each component. LED lamps contain interesting materials, with even higher concentrations than natural ores, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tin and gallium. If recycled, tubular lamps and bulb lamps would have the economic recovery of USD 2405.99 and USD 2595.02 per ton, respectively. The gold was found to be the most valuable material, and the LEDs the most valuable component of the LED lamps.
关键词： Recycling,LED lamp,Gallium,WEEE,Gold,Material characterization
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Metallic Materials Using Laser Metal Deposition
摘要： Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have attracted much research interest in the industry due to their graded material properties, which result from gradually distributed compositions or structures. In recent years, metallic FGMs have been widely studied, and additive manufacturing (AM) has become an important approach to build metallic FGMs. This paper aims to provide an overview of the research progress in metallic FGMs fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD), an AM process that is widely used in metallic materials. Firstly, the unique material properties and advantages of FGMs are introduced. Then, typical recent findings in transition path design, fabrication, and characterization for different types of metallic FGMs via LMD are summarized and discussed. Finally, challenges in fabricating metallic FGMs via LMD are discussed, and other related aspects in the area of FGMs such as model representation and numerical simulation are proposed for further investigation.
关键词： Laser Metal Deposition,Intermediate Section,Transition Path,Metal Additive Manufacturing,Material Characterization,Functionally Graded Materials
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP) - Bochum, Germany (2019.7.16-2019.7.18)] 2019 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS-AMP) - Characterization of Liquid Crystals Using a Temperature-Controlled 60 GHz Resonator
摘要： This paper presents a resonant liquid crystal (LC) characterization at 60 GHz using a temperature controlled automated measurement setup. For the measurements the resonator is perturbed with LC inside a thin silica quartz tube. The LC orientation is accomplished by means of permanent rare earth magnets. Measurements are performed at 20 ?C. The investigated LC is the GT3-23001 mixture from Merck KGaA. The extracted values are compared with characterization results at 19 GHz. The extracted permittivities are ranging from 3.14 to 2.43 and the loss tangents from 0.0035 to 0.0191 for parallel and orthogonal orientation, respectively.
关键词： microwave measurements,material characterization,resonator,liquid crystal,millimeter wave
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ultra‐High Fidelity Laser‐Induced Air Shock from Energetic Materials
摘要： Recent interest in the implementation of the Laser-induced Air Shock from Energetic Materials (LASEM) technique prompted an investigation using ultra-high-speed imaging diagnostics to provide early-time (sub-μs) shock-wave-radius-versus-time data necessary to accurately determine the characteristic laser-induced-shock velocity (y-intercept) for high explosives (HE) of interest. Ultra-high-speed focused-shadowgraphy images were collected from nanosecond-pulsed laser-ablated samples of HE similar to those in the published literature. Shadowgraphy images were collected using interframe times ranging from 50–750 ns, with exposure times of 5 ns. Acquired shock-wave-radius-versus-time data permitted a high-fidelity assessment of the shock wave velocity produced at the characteristic radius of the generated laser-plasma pulse. The resulting data from eight different HE indicated that early-time energy contributions and the resulting laser-induced shock velocity profiles produced from ablation of the HE material were indistinguishable amongst the explosives tested for the majority of the time domain characterized (0–12 μs).
关键词： laser-induced shock wave,shock physics,energetic-material characterization,detonation performance,laser-induced plasma
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Structural, Optical, Mechanical and Laser Damage Threshold Studies on an active Nonlinear Optical Material: Potassium Thiourea Bromide (KTB) in a Novel Crystal System
摘要： The enhancement of optical transparency, crystalline perfection, laser damage threshold values and principally, mechanical strength of thiourea doped potassium bromide crystals grown under slow evaporation solution growth technique were assessed. The validation and morphology were done by X-ray diffraction analysis. The sample KTB crystallized in orthorhombic system is unique and novel. The vibrational range in the FT-IR affirmed the functional groups present in the title compound. The energy gap Eg found to be 4.12eV with broad transparency window between 300.600nm to 1100nm. Second harmonic studies manifest the suitability of the crystal for frequency conversion and doubling applications. The positive photo conducting nature of the material aspires that the sample would be more electrically conductive on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. The laser damage threshold value indicates the aptness of the sample to confront against high power intensities. The elastic(C11), plastic, fracture traits(Kc) along with the yield strength(σv) and brittleness index(Bi) were calculated and reported for the first time under orthorhombic system. The result also evident appreciable mechanical strength of the crystal, as it holds cardinal importance in technological applications.
关键词： Crystal growth,Mechanical properties,Non linear optical material,Characterization,LDT,Photoconductivity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Free-Space Materials Characterization by Reflection and Transmission Measurements using Frequency-by-Frequency and Multi-Frequency Algorithms
摘要： The knowledge of the electromagnetic constitutive properties of materials is crucial in many applications. Free-space methods are widely used for this purpose, despite their inherent practical difficulties. This paper describes an affordable free-space experimental setup for the characterization of flat samples in 1–6 GHz in a non-anechoic environment. The extracted properties are obtained from the calibrated Scattering Parameters, using a frequency-by-frequency solution or a multi-frequency reconstruction. For the first, we describe how the Time-Domain Gating can be implemented and used for filtering the signals. For the latter, a weighting factor is introduced to balance the reflection and transmission data, allowing one to have a more favorable configuration. The different role of transmission and reflection measurements on the achievable results is analyzed with regard to experimental uncertainties and different noise scenarios. Results from the two strategies are analyzed and compared. Good agreement between simulation, measurement and literature is obtained. According to the reported results for dielectric materials, there is no need of filtering the data by a Time-Domain Gating in case of the multi-frequency approach. Experimental results for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) samples validate both the setup and the processing.
关键词： free-space method,permeability,conductivity,non-destructive testing,extraction algorithms,permittivity,time-domain gating,free-space calibration,scattering parameters,material characterization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Growth and Characterization of New Semi-Organic L-Asparagine Potassium Di-Hydrogen Phosphate Crystals
摘要： The studies on the growth and characterization of a new semi-organic non-linear optical crystal, L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate have been successfully carried out by slow evaporation technique using deionized water as a solvent. The grown crystal is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and FT-IR analysis. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that it possess orthogonal structure having lattice parameters a = 5.582 ?, b = 9.812 ? and c = 11.796 ?, α = β = γ = 90° and V = 514 ?3. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal were recorded between wave-number 4000 to 400 cm–1 showed very weak bands appearing around 1232 and 1147 cm–1 are due to P–O–H stretching and bending. The observed broad intense band in 3385-3119 cm–1 region is assigned to NH stretch of NH2 vibration of L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate molecule. The CH2 vibration of the amino acid shows its peak at 2945 cm–1. The combination band observed at 2149 cm–1 is due to + tensional oscillation at 512 cm–1 and optical transmission spectral analysis. The lower asymmetric NH3 cut off wavelength of L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal occurs at 198 nm and it reveals that the material has good optical transparency in the entire visible region. The results of hardness test showed that the presence of dopant has enhanced the mechanical strength of the L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals and the second harmonic generation of L-asparagine potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals was tested using Kurtz and Perry method also showed good results.
关键词： Non-linear optical material,Characterization,Second harmonic generation,Slow evaporation technique
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Planar Sensors for Dielectric and Magnetic Materials Measurement: A Quantitative Sensitivity Comparison
摘要： Planar transmission lines are frequently used to characterize the RF properties of materials. However, the question arises which geometry should be chosen for optimal measurement sensitivity to the material under test. Thus far, this question appears to go unanswered. In this paper, the suitability of the three most popular planar geometries is compared for material characterization. To this end, the impact of a material under test on the apparent properties (i.e. the equivalent homogeneous cross-sections) is examined. This is done for the complex permittivity and the complex permeability, using conformal mapping methods, full-wave simulations and measurements. It is shown that the coplanar waveguide (without conductor backing) is the most suitable structure of the three, since it is the most sensitive to changes in the properties of the material under test.
关键词： Material Characterization,Coplanar Waveguides,Microstrip Lines,Coplanar Waveguides with Ground
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14