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Analysis of corneal esthesia in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy
摘要： Purpose: To quantitatively analyze corneal esthesia in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery. Methods: Forty-five patients selected for PRK in one eye underwent corneal esthesia using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer preoperatively and 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Patients with a refractive diopter error of 4 or greater received intraoperative 0.02% mitomycin C for 20 s. Results: Twenty-four (53.3%) of the 45 eyes received intraoperative 0.02% mitomycin. Decreased sensitivity was observed on postoperative day 30. By postoperative day 90, corneal esthesia had normalized but remained 14.9% lower than preoperative levels. In the mitomycin group, no recovery of corneal esthesia to normal sensitivity levels was observed. The mean esthesiometer level was 39.2 mm on postoperative day 90 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate recovery of corneal esthesia to normal levels at 90 days postoperatively in patients who did not receive mitomycin C. In patients administered mitomycin C, a 23.59% reduction in the corneal touch threshold was observed compared with preoperative levels indicating a failure of recovery to normal levels.
关键词： Mitomycin,Photorefractive keratectomy,Cornea,Prospective studies,Myopia
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The effect of part-time wear of 2-zone concentric bifocal spectacle lenses on refractive error development & eye growth in young chicks
摘要： The purpose of this study is to characterize in young chicks the myopia control effects of part-time wear of two-zone concentric bifocal lenses. Nine-day-old chicks (n = 115) were first made myopic with monocular ?10 Diopter (D) single vision (SV) lenses worn for 3 days. Over the 6 days following myopia induction, either 1) two-zone bifocal lenses (?10 D center/?5 D periphery, BFDC) were worn for 12 (full-time), 10, 8, or 6 h, with ?10 D SV lenses worn for the remainder of the day, or 2) BFDC or BFNC (?5 D center/?10 D periphery) lenses were worn every other day (EOD). Control birds wore ?10 D SV lenses every day. Refractive error (RE) and axial ocular dimensions were monitored every three days with retinoscopy and high frequency A-scan ultrasonography respectively. Mean interocular RE and axial length differences after 3 days of myopia induction ( ± SEM) were ?9.6 ± 0.19 D and 0.26 ± 0.01 mm across the groups. At the end of the following 6-day treatment period, equivalent values were: ?10.66 ± 0.28 D, 0.42 ± 0.02 mm (SV-control); 1) ?4.61 ± 0.29 D, 0.26 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 12 h); ?4.82 ± 0.23 D, 0.28 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 10 h); ?5.21 ± 0.27 D, 0.24 ± 0.02 mm (BFDC, 8 h); ?6.34 ± 0.34 D, 0.25 ± 0.03 mm (BFDC, 6 h); 2) ?8.29 ± 0.29 D, 0.32 ± 0.03 mm (BFDC, EOD), and ?8.83 ± 0.36 D, 0.33 ± 0.03 mm (BFNC, EOD). Overall, full-time BFDC and part-time BFDC and BFNC lens groups exhibited similar changes and were less myopic than the SV group. The results suggest that bifocal lenses may have myopia control effects even when worn part-time, interleaved with standard (SV) myopic corrections, especially if worn for at least 6 h per day.
关键词： Myopia,Axial length,Chicks,Bifocal lenses,Refractive error
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The relationship between optic nerve head deformation and visual field defects in myopic eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma
摘要： Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the morphologic features of myopic optic nerve head (ONH) and visual field (VF) defects in myopic subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by intraindividual comparison. Methods: Myopic POAG subjects with unilateral glaucomatous VF defect were recruited. The morphologic features of myopic ONH, including optic disc tilt, optic disc rotation, and β-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) were measured from color fundus photographs. The comparisons were performed between the eyes with VF defects and the contralateral eyes without VF defects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between various ocular parameters and the presence of VF defects. Results: We retrospectively included 100 eyes of 50 myopic POAG subjects. (Mean age: 50.1 ± 10.0 years). The tilt ratio was similar between the paired eyes. The degree of optic disc rotation (12.96 ± 7.21?) in eyes with VF defects were statistically greater than the contralateral eyes (6.86 ± 4.30?; P < 0.001) without VF defect. The β-zone PPA-to-disc area ratio was significantly greater in eyes with VF defects than the contralateral eyes (P = 0.024) without VF defect. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the greater degree of optic disc rotation was significantly associated with the presence of VF defects (P < 0.001). However, tilt ratio, β-zone PPA-to-disc area ratio, refractive error, and axial length were not associated with the presence of VF defects. Conclusions: Among the morphologic features of myopic ONH, only the greater degree of the optic disc rotation was associated with the presence of VF defects in myopic subjects with POAG.
关键词： optic nerve head deformation,Myopia,POAG
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The Implantable Collamer Lens with a central port: review of the literature
摘要： The purpose of this review is to summarize preclinical and clinical data from publications appearing in the peer-reviewed scientific literature relevant to the safety and effectiveness of the EVO Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) posterior chamber phakic refractive lens with a central port (V4c Visian ICL with KS Aquaport, STAAR Surgical, Inc.). A literature search was conducted using PubMed.gov to identify all articles relating to the EVO ICL. Articles were examined for their relevance, and the references cited in each article were also searched for additional relevant publications. On the basis of a total of 67 preclinical studies and clinical reports, including effectiveness data on 1,905 eyes with average weighted follow-up of 12.5 months and safety data on 4,196 eyes with weighted average follow up of 14.0 months, the EVO ICL is safe and effective for the correction of a broad range of refractive errors. High levels of postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, refractive predictability, and stability demonstrate the effectiveness of the EVO ICL. Safety data suggest reduced rates of anterior subcapsular cataract and pupillary block compared with earlier models. Improved safety and proven effectiveness make EVO an attractive option for surgeons and patients.
关键词： phakic refractive lens,myopia,hyperopia,astigmatism
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Longitudinal Changes in Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error Among Children With Preschool Myopia
摘要： PURPOSE. Preschool myopia generally indicated a high risk of progression to high myopia. However, no previous study has reported its longitudinal evolution. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in preschool myopia and explore the associated key determinants. METHODS. Medical records of patients seeking refractions at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean rates of change in spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors were evaluated in patients with preschool myopia. Association between the rate of change in SE and patient characteristics at the initial visit were examined using linear mixed-effect regression models. RESULTS. A total of 495 cases (median initial age: 5.12 years, interquartile range [IQR], 4.12–5.76 years) were assessed with at least 2-year follow-up. The initial median SE was (cid:2)3.00 D (IQR, (cid:2)5.25 to (cid:2)1.75 D) and the median duration of follow-up was 3.69 years (IQR, 2.89–4.99 years). On average, myopia progressed by (cid:2)0.59 6 0.47 D/year. A total of 312 (63.0%) children demonstrated myopia progression (mean rate of change in SE (cid:3) (cid:2)0.50 D/year in either eye) and 177 (35.8%) children demonstrated refraction stability (mean rate of change < 60.50 D/year in both eyes). Older age (b ? (cid:2)0.06, P ? 0.003), female sex (b ? (cid:2)0.09, P ? 0.035), and initial lower myopic SE (b ? (cid:2)0.07, P < 0.001) were associated with faster myopia progression. CONCLUSIONS. Preschool myopia on average progresses, although considerable proportion of subjects demonstrates longitudinal refraction stability. The rate of myopia progression is associated with initial patient characteristics.
关键词： preschool myopia,risk factor,progression
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Comparison between Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy versus Alcohol-Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy in Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
摘要： Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare visual acuity, refractive results, safety, and efficacy of TPRK with AAPRK as primary outcomes and surgical time, pain scores, haze levels, and healing time as secondary outcomes in TPRK and AAPRK groups. Setting. Security Forces Hospital, Ophthalmology Department, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Design. Prospective, non-randomized case-control comparative study. Methods. A total of 200 eyes of 100 consecutive patients were included. One hundred eyes underwent TPRK in the right eye (study group), and 100 eyes underwent AAPRK in the left eye (control group). Ablations were performed with the Schwind Amaris excimer LASER750S. Clinical outcomes during 6 months’ follow-up were compared. Results. The mean age of patients was 28.3 ± 6.3, 77 were females and 23 males. The mean surgical time was 162.17 ± 14.827 s and 243.24 ± 98.69 s, respectively. At day 1, the UDVA mean was 0.7 in 87% of eyes in the TPRK group while it was 0.5 in 45% of eyes in AAPRK; at week 1, it was 0.9 in 88% of eyes in the TPRK group and 0.6 in 60% of eyes in AAPRK. The mean pain scores were less and lower incidence of corneal haze in the TPRK. Complete epithelial healing time was shorter in TPRK, 3.20 ± 0.686 and 4.60 ± 1.969 days, respectively. Conclusions. TPRK and AAPRK produce similar results 6 months postoperatively. However, in the early postoperative period, there were significant differences in UDVA, pain score, level of haze, and complete epithelial healing time. The pain scores were lower, level of haze was less, and healing time was shorter in the TPRK group which provided patient better felling and comfort in this period. Both of procedures are effective and safe for correction of myopia and compound myopic astigmatism. This trial is registered with NCT03569423.
关键词： TPRK,myopia,photorefractive keratectomy,AAPRK,myopic astigmatism
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Transepitheliale photorefraktive Keratektomie; Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy;
摘要： Objective. To analyze and assess the refractive outcome after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK). Material and methods. The treatment was performed with the AMARIS 1050RS laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH, Kleinostheim, Germany). The method used an aspheric, aberration-neutral ablation profile and a standardized epithelial tissue removal of 55 μm in the center and 65 μm at a radius of 4 mm as well as SmartPulse technology. Only spherical and/or cylindrical refraction values were treated. Only untreated eyes with preoperative best corrected visual acuity equal to or better than 0.8 were included in the cohort. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1 and 4 days, after 1 and 3 months and after 1 year Results. A total of 939 consecutive TransPRK laser treatments performed in the period from December 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 34 years. The preoperative sphere had a range of –7.75 D up to +3.00 D and cylinders up to 5.00 D. The 3-month follow-up control was performed in 728 eyes (77.5%). The predictability showed 89% of eyes within the target correction of less than 0.50 D and 99% of eyes less than 1.00 D. The astigmatic correction showed 91% of eyes with less than 0.50 D. In the safety 1% of eyes showed a visual loss of 2 Snellen lines because of haze. In 26 eyes (2.7%) follow-up treatment was performed with renewed TransPRK laser treatment, in the myopic cohort in 1.8% and in the hyperopic cohort in 13.0%. A residual refraction occurred in 20 eyes without haze and 6 eyes showed a residual refraction with signs of haze. Conclusion. The TransPRK led to similar results to intrastromal refractive surgery techniques but with fewer clinical complications.
关键词： Myopia,SmartSurface,Astigmatism,Haze,Refractive surgery,Hyperopia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a mechanical microkeratome compared to LASIK with a femtosecond laser for LASIK in adults with myopia or myopic astigmatism
摘要： Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a surgical procedure that corrects refractive errors. This technique creates a flap of the outermost parts of the cornea (epithelium, bowman layer, and anterior stroma) to expose the middle part of the cornea (stromal bed) and reshape it with excimer laser using photoablation. The flaps can be created by a mechanical microkeratome or a femtosecond laser.
关键词： mechanical microkeratome,femtosecond laser,myopic astigmatism,LASIK,myopia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Myopia and anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings in laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity eyes
摘要： To evaluate structural features and visual outcomes in eyes with a prior history of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Laser-treated eyes for type 1 ROP, preterm monitored eyes, and full-term control eyes were included. LogMAR conversion of Snellen best-corrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent based on cycloplegic refraction were measured in children 5-15 years of age. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to study structural features, including anterior chamber angle (ACA) in a subset of eyes. A total of 50 eyes of 50 patients were included (19 full-term eyes, 19 laser-treated type 1 ROP eyes, 12 preterm monitored eyes). Of these, 44 eyes had visual outcomes data, and 15 eyes had anterior segment data. There was no significant difference in sex or age at final examination between the three groups. There was no significant difference in gestational age between the laser-treated and preterm monitored groups. Compared with the full-term control group and the preterm monitored group, the laser-treated ROP group had narrower ACA and more myopic refractive error. There was a significant correlation between ACA and spherical equivalent. Laser treatment may affect angle configuration in ROP eyes. Anterior segment OCT is an easy and useful modality that could aid in screening for visually impairing conditions such as myopia and glaucoma in children with ROP.
关键词： anterior segment OCT,retinopathy of prematurity,myopia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Evaluating the myopia progression control efficacy of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition spectacle lenses (PALs) in 6- to 12-year-old children: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
摘要： Background: Myopia is increasing in prevalence and is currently recognized as a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in China. Once myopia develops, appropriate clinical interventions need to be prescribed to slow its progression. Currently, several publications indicate that myopic defocus (MD) retards eye growth and myopia progression. However, no clinical trials have compared the outcomes of different MD spectacle lenses in the same observational group, especially in mainland China. The aim of the present study is to compare the myopia control efficiency of two different MD spectacle lenses: defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lenses and Apollo progressive addition lenses (PALs). Methods: The trial is designed as a 3-year, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial of schoolchildren treated with DIMS lenses and PALs. A total of 600 Chinese primary school children aged 6–12 years will be recruited, and each group is intended to include 300 subjects. The inclusion criteria are myopia between ? 1.00 and ? 5.00 diopters and astigmatism ≤ 1.50 diopters. The follow-up time points will be 1 month (m), 3 m, 6 m, 12 m, 18 m, 24 m, 30 m, and 36 m. The primary outcome will be determined by the difference between the two groups in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction between baseline and the last follow-up visit. The secondary outcome is the axial length, and the exploratory outcomes include ocular biometric measures, peripheral refraction, binocular vision, accommodation, compliance, and the results of questionnaires related to wearing experiences.
关键词： Multicenter,Trial,Spectacle lens,Prospective,Myopic defocus,Myopia,Progression
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57