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Application of photodynamic therapy with the use of superluminescent light-emitting diode (sLED) lamp in actinic keratosis
摘要： Introduction. Actinic keratosis is a chronic disease that often requires many treatment cycles. The choice of a treatment method depends on the thickness and number of lesions as well as their extent. An efficient method of treatment, especially in the case of superficial and moderately thick lesions, is photodynamic therapy. Objective. Assessment of the photodynamic therapy with the use of a superluminescent light-emitting diode lamp after previous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid based on the observations of selected cases of patients with actinic keratosis. Material and methods. The study included patients diagnosed with actinic keratosis. After debridement of scales and crusts from the affected skin area 16% 5-aminolevulinic acid cream was applied. The irradiation was performed with the use of the superluminescent light-emitting diode matrix illuminator Medlight that sent out pulsed red light. The clinical evaluation was carried out before, immediately after the procedure as well as after 1 and 3 weeks. Results. In one case, after many years of ineffective treatment with a cryosurgery, the treatment with application of superluminescent light-emitting diode therapy lead to disease remission. In the second case early therapy with the superluminescent light-emitting diode lamp lead to complete resolution of lesions. In the case of a patient with disseminated actinic keratosis, lesion-directed therapy was possible. Conclusions. Observation results indicate a beneficial effect of superluminescent light-emitting diodes and no recurrence of actinic keratosis lesions in 3 months after the procedure.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,actinic keratosis,LED
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Fractional CO2 Laser for Oral Leukoplakia: Case Series
摘要： Oral leukoplakia (OL), a predominantly white change to the oral mucosa, is the most common potentially malignant lesion. Elimination of this condition, especially the high risk OL, is advisable, even necessary as an attempt to avoid malignant transformation. Here we presented three cases of OL successfully treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) following pretreatment with CO2 laser. After a series of one to three sessions the patients were monitored for 12 months. All the lesions showed completed remission, but one recurred during follow-up. Side effects included mild edema, erosion and burning sensation. No severe side effects were observed. In summary, the combination of PDT and CO2 laser is safe and effective in the treatment of OL, which is a promising treatment.
关键词： CO2 Laser,Oral Leukoplakia,Photodynamic Therapy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Comparison of the Efficacy of Ablative Fractional Laser-assisted Photodynamic Therapy according to the Density of Ablative Laser Channel in the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is effective in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) transformed from MAL is accumulated in abnormal AK cells, which are destroyed by light irradiation during PDT. However, AK hyperkeratosis is known to reduce the PDT treatment response, and pretreatment with ablative fractional laser (AFL) has been successfully used to overcome this barrier. AFL treatment creates microscopic ablation zones (MAZs), allowing easy absorption of MAL and direct evaporation of abnormal cells. We evaluated whether AFL pretreatment with different laser channel densities impacts the efficacy, PpIX accumulation, side effects, and cosmetic outcomes in AFL-PDT for facial AK. This study followed a previous study comparing the efficacy of AFL-PDT according to ablative depth for AK. Patients were randomly assigned to three different AFL density groups with other parameters being fixed. Each lesion was photographed and graded according to Olsen et al. Three hours after MAL application, fluorescence intensity was measured to assess PpIX accumulation and each area was irradiated with a red light-emitting diode lamp (peak emission 630; total light dose 37 J/cm2). Forty-seven Korean patients with 312 AK lesions completed the study (5.5-, 11-, and 22%-density AFL-PDT groups, 16 patients, n=110; 15 patients, n=96; and 16 patients, n=106, respectively). The three groups had no statistical differences in sex, age, Fitzpatrick score, number of lesions, or Olsen grade. However, the complete response (CR) rate was different between the 3 groups at months 3 and 12 (P=0.037; P=0.003, respectively) and the 22%-density AFL-PDT group showed a significantly higher CR rate than the 5.5%-density group (3 months, 88.7% vs. 80.0%; 12 months, 81.1% vs. 60.9%). The CR rate of the different laser densities was investigated for each Olsen grade, and the 22%-density group showed a significantly higher CR rate than the 5.5%-density group (3 months, 81.3% vs. 55.9%; 12 months, 68.8% vs. 38.2%) in Olsen grade III AK lesions. The fluorescence intensities measured and calculated from the photographs were not different among the three groups, and side effects and cosmetic outcomes showed no significant difference. In this study, the CR rate of AFL-PDT was different among the 3 groups, though there were no differences in PpIX accumulation. A recent study also demonstrated that PpIX accumulation showed no difference at laser densities above 5% when AFL is performed in normal skin. However, higher laser density AFL evaporates AK tissues more, and another study showed that AFL treatment temporarily reduced AKs and showed a trend toward decreased development of new lesions. This study had limitations with the small sample size in a single ethnic group, and more studies on AFL-PDT laser density, especially density > 22%, are needed. In conclusion, the group treated with AFL-PDT with higher laser density showed a better CR rate with reduced recurrence, especially for AK with higher Olsen grade. We recommend pretreatment with AFL at a higher laser density when AFL-PDT is used to treat AK with severe hyperkeratosis.
关键词： actinic keratosis,photodynamic therapy,laser parameter,ablative factional laser,laser channel density
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Flexible organic light-emitting diodes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
摘要： Bacterial infection and the growth of antibiotic resistance is a serious problem that leads to patient suffering, death and increased costs of healthcare. To address this problem, we propose using flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as light sources for photodynamic therapy (PDT) to kill bacteria. PDT involves the use of light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species that kill neighbouring cells. We have developed flexible top-emitting OLEDs with the ability to tune the emission peak from 669 to 737 nm to match the photosensitizer, together with high irradiance, low driving voltage, long operational lifetime and adequate shelf-life. These features enable OLEDs to be the ideal candidate for ambulatory PDT light sources. A detailed study of OLED–PDT for killing Staphylococcus aureus was performed. The results show that our OLEDs in combination with the photosensitizer methylene blue, can kill more than 99% of bacteria. This indicates a huge potential for using OLEDs to treat bacterial infections.
关键词： Photodynamic therapy,Flexible organic light-emitting diodes,Staphylococcus aureus,Antimicrobial,Methylene blue
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with short incubation time for field cancerization treatment: a left-right comparison
摘要： Background: Laser-assisted MAL-PDT has been reported to increase the effectiveness of conventional PDT. Nonetheless, clinical effects of this association when reducing MAL is poorly discussed. Furthermore, the association of acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with laser-assisted MAL-PDT with short incubation time for field cancerization had not been reported before. Objectives: To compare clinical effects of ablative fractional laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound (IMPACT US) with 1-hour field cancerization on the forearms, as well as the impact on safety and tolerability. Methods: Fifteen patients with 638 AK (grade I-III) with field cancerized-skin on the forearms were enrolled in this left-right trial. Two protocols were randomly chosen. One side was treated with conventional MAL-PDT, whereas the other with laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with 1-hour incubation time. Actinic keratoses were quantitively measured, and the other signs of sun-damaged skin, like pigmentation and texture, in field cancerized skin were qualitatively evaluated before and after six months. Side effects were assessed subjectively during the procedure and one week after. Results: All patients completed the study. At six months after treatment, both protocols reduced the number of AK (72%; CO2 + PDT, and 65%; MAL-PDT). The difference between these two protocols was not statistically significant (p = 0.77). The improvement of pigmentation and texture of field cancerized skin was more significant on the side treated with laser-assisted MAL-PDT associated with acoustic pressure wave ultrasound. Both protocols were well tolerated and without significant difference in adverse events. Conclusion: Laser-assisted MAL-PDT using CO2 laser and acoustic pressure wave ultrasound with short incubation time of 1 hour was as effective as conventional MAL-PDT for field-cancerized skin with actinic keratosis in forearms with better cosmetic outcome.
关键词： Incubation time,Skin field cancerization,Actinic keratosis,Ablative fractional laser assisted photodynamic therapy,laser-assisted drug delivery
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A self-assembled Ru–Pt metallacage as a lysosome-targeting photosensitizer for 2-photon photodynamic therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment procedure that relies on cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the light activation of a photosensitizer. The photophysical and biological properties of photosensitizers are vital for the therapeutic outcome of PDT. In this work a 2D rhomboidal metallacycle and a 3D octahedral metallacage were designed and synthesized via the coordination-driven self-assembly of a Ru(II)-based photosensitizer and complementary Pt(II)-based building blocks. The metallacage showed deep-red luminescence, a large 2-photon absorption cross-section, and highly efficient ROS generation. The metallacage was encapsulated into an amphiphilic block copolymer to form nanoparticles to encourage cell uptake and localization. Upon internalization into cells, the nanoparticles selectively accumulate in the lysosomes, a favorable location for PDT. The nanoparticles are almost nontoxic in the dark, and can efficiently destroy tumor cells via the generation of ROS in the lysosomes under 2-photon near-infrared light irradiation. The superb PDT efficacy of the metallacage-containing nanoparticles was further validated by studies on 3D multicellular spheroids (MCS) and in vivo studies on A549 tumor-bearing mice.
关键词： 2-photon absorption,lysosome,self-assembly,photodynamic therapy,coordination
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Covalently assembled dopamine nanoparticle as an intrinsic photosensitizer and pH-responsive nanocarrier for potential application in anticancer therapy
摘要： We report a novel nanophotosensitizer via one-step covalent assembly of dopamine and genipin. This is the first report unveiling the photodynamic effect of dopamine-based materials. These nanophotosensitizers can also act as pH-responsive drug nanocarriers via a catechol–boronate linkage, thus achieving combined PDT and chemotherapy for highly efficient cancer treatment.
关键词： nanophotosensitizer,genipin,nanocarrier,dopamine,pH-responsive,chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photodynamic therapy following fractional CO <sub/>2</sub> laser for treatment of primary vulvar Paget’s disease: does it really work?
摘要： Introduction: Extra-mammary Paget’s disease is a rare form of intraepithelial adenocarcinoma with a variable pattern of invasion. Vulvar Paget’s disease represents 1% of all vulvar cancers. Standard treatment is surgical excision, however, the recurrence rate is high and surgery leads to anatomical, functional and sexual morbidity. Some studies suggest the efficacy of photodynamic therapy following CO2 Laser irradiation as treatment for this disease. Methods: In the present study, ten patients with vulvar Paget’s disease underwent fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser abrasion, followed by 3 h of occlusive application of aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and then 100 J/cm2 irradiation with a 630-nm lamp. This combination treatment regime was repeated every 2 weeks for a total of 5 times. Results: At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, only two patients maintained a complete remission of the disease and recurrence was observed in all patients who had originally shown a partial remission. Conclusions: According to our experience, Photodynamic Therapy-ALA following fractional CO2 Laser does not seem to be an effective treatment for vulvar EMPD in the long term.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,fractional CO2 laser,Paget disease
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
摘要： Aim: Diode lasers are commonly used for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of transgingival laser irradiation during aPDT and evaluate whether the photosensitizer can be activated. Materials and Methods: Four diode laser settings were assessed for transgingival irradiation: 120 mW, 80 mW, 60 mW, and 40 mW. Fifteen soft-tissue pieces from a pig’s lower jaw were prepared. The specimens’ thickness was measured and transgingival laser irradiation was performed. A digital power meter measured laser power on the other side of the tissue. The power outcome after staining of the nonbuccal aspect of the tissue with photosensitizer dye was assessed similarly. Results: Transgingival laser irradiation (average soft-tissue thickness: 0.84 ± 0.06 mm) resulted in di?erent power transmission depending on the power settings and photosensitizer. The lowest values were observed with the 40 mW setting and photosensitizer (median 3.3 mW, max. 5.0 mW, min. 2.3 mW, interquartile range 1.2), and the highest at 120 mW without photosensitizer (median 41.3 mW, max. 42.7 mW, min. 38.0 mW; interquartile range 1.5). Conclusions: This study indicates that transgingival irradiation may be suitable for aPDT, since power transmission through the gingival tissue was observed in all specimens. However, the decrease in laser power caused by both the soft tissue and the photosensitizer has to be taken into account.
关键词： Transgingival irradiation,Low-level laser therapy,Periodontitis,Diode laser,Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Successful Treatment of Adult-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis with CO <sub/>2</sub> Laser and Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a noninvasive benign epithelial tumor caused by human papillomavirus. Clinically, it featured rapid growth, multifocus, and frequent recurrence. Though a number of therapies have been investigated, the recurrence after treatment is always a challenge. In this report, we describe a 27-year-old male patient with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who was treated with CO2 laser therapy followed by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). There was no adverse reaction after treatment and no recurrence during the follow-up time.
关键词： CO2 laser therapy,5-aminolevulinic acid,human papillomavirus,photodynamic therapy,Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04