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Indoline and benzothiazole-based squaraine dye-sensitized solar cells containing bis-pendent sulfonate groups: Synthesis, characterization and solar cell performance
摘要： Two new symmetric squaraine sensitizers (SQTHZ and SQIND) carrying benzothiazole and indoline moieties as strong electron donating groups to inject the electron into the TiO2 nanoparticles were tested as DSSC. The theoretical calculations and absorption results show that the electron density of LUMO of SQTHZ is delocalized in the whole chromophore, leading to strong electronic coupling between SQTHZ sensitizer and the conduction band of TiO2. Furthermore, the presence of long alkyl chain with pendent bis-SO3- groups would inhibit recombination and decrease the dye aggregation. Interestingly, SQTHZ displayed UV-Vis and NIR absorption at a longer wavelength compared to SQIND. This structure feature, as well as optical properties, would lead to improved efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with overall better photovoltaic performance (η of 3.31 %, Jsc of 7.65 mA/ cm2, Voc of 0.59, ff of 0.71 and IPCE of 47 % at 674 nm) compared to SQIND.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical properties,DFT,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Symmetric squaraine dyes
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Synthesis and annealing process of ultra-large SnS nanosheets for FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt photocathode
摘要： SnS has been widely used in photoelectric devices due to its special band gap of 1.2–1.5 eV. Here, we reported on the fabrication of SnS nanosheets and the effect of synthesis condition together with heat treatment on its physical properties. The obtained band gap of the SnS nanosheets is in the rage of 1.37–1.41 eV. It was found that the photo-current density of a thin film comprised of SnS nanosheets could be enhanced significantly by annealing treatment. The maximum photo-current density of the stack structure of FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt was high as 389.5 μA cm-2, rendering its potential application in high efficiency solar hydrogen production.
关键词： SnS nanosheets,Water splitting,Photoelectrochemical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of In <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> -ZnO Nanocomposites and Their Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties
摘要： Indium oxide (In2O3) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through a facile microwave hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The morphology of In2O3-ZnO composites was observed to be like flowers, and the diameter of particles constituting the porous petal was about 30 nm. The photoelectrocatalytic test results showed that the photoelectrocatalytic methylene blue (MB) degradation efficiency using In2O3-ZnO nanocomposites as photocatalysts under visible light irradiation and a certain voltage could reached above 95.3% after 60 min, much higher than that of In2O3 particles and ZnO particles. The enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity was attributed to the doping of In2O3 and applied voltage, which beneficially reduced the recombination of electrons and holes in the photoelectrocatalytic process, therefore, it promoted the production of active species (?OH and ?O2-).
关键词： photoelectrochemical properties,visible light irradiation,methylene blue degradation,In2O3-ZnO nanocomposites,microwave hydrothermal synthesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with the use of FTO/TiO2/SrTiO3 composite prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method
摘要： Microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was applied to obtain SrTiO3 photocatalyst by transformation of a thin TiO2 layer deposited on the conducting solid substrate (FTO-glass) via dissolution-precipitation reaction in alkaline solution. The influence of Sr2+ ions concentration on crystallinity, composition as well as photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the resultant materials was investigated. The XRD studies indicated the presence of some amount of co-deposited SrSiO3 due to reaction of metasilicates released from the glass substrate (not covered with FTO film). However, the process of glass dissolution was substantially prevented by protection of the back side of the sample with a Teflon tape. The best activity in photodecomposition of 4-chlorophenol under irradiation with 365 nm diode was obtained for FTO/TiO2/SrTiO3 composite fabricated in 6 h synthesis in the solution containing 0.1 M Sr(NO3)2, at temperature of 180 °C. The photoelectrochemical properties of the composites and FTO/TiO2 electrode were studied in the solution of Na2SO4 under illumination with a xenon lamp. The increased photocurrent density and longer electron lifetime for the hybrid system in comparison to those of TiO2 was discussed in terms of suppressed recombination rate due to formation of TiO2/SrTiO3 interface. It was also found that the side product, SrSiO3, reveals an excellent adsorption properties with respect to methylene blue and therefore, the system SrTiO3/TiO2/FTO/glass/SrSiO3 may be used as bifunctional composite for adsorption and photocatalysis.
关键词： 4-Chlorophenol photodecomposition,Photocatalysis,SrSiO3,Photoelectrochemical properties,Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,TiO2/SrTiO3,Electron lifetime
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Electrodeposition of Single Phase SnS Thin Films: Effect of Electrolytic Bath Temperature on the Final Film Properties
摘要： In this article, the electrodeposition of single-phase tin monosulfide (SnS) films at different electrolytic bath temperatures is studied. The electrodeposition was carried out potentiostaticaly onto transparent conductive substrates (fluorine-doped tin oxide, and indium tin oxide on a glass substrate) from an acidic solution of SnSO4 and Na2S2O3 as tin and sulfur precursors, respectively. The films were characterized through different techniques: field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analyses, X-ray diffraction measurements, profilometry, Raman spectra, UV-vis measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep photovoltammetry. The films obtained were stoichiometric and no other phases different from SnS were evidenced. A change in the morphology from cubic-like to sheet-like was observed with an increase of bath temperature, which was reflected in the texture coefficient obtained from X-ray diffraction analyses. The bandgap of the films was obtained using a direct absorption edge in the Tauc plots. A decreasing bandgap with electrodeposition temperature was observed, which is attributed to an improvement in the crystallinity of the films. Mott-Schottky plots and linear sweep photovoltammetry measurements confirmed that the films are p-type semiconductors. An increase in the photocurrent of the photoelectrodes was observed with the electrolytic bath temperature, which is attributed to the change of SnS morphology with the electrodeposition temperature.
关键词： bath temperature,morphology,Electrodeposition,photoelectrochemical properties,bandgap,SnS thin films
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Explaining the enhanced photoelectrochemical behavior of highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays: anatase/rutile phase junction
摘要： The effect of calcination temperature on the photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) has been investigated in many studies. Most work focused on improving the photoelectrochemical properties through optimization of the microstructure. In this paper, however, an anatase/rutile phase junction formed in TiO2 nanotubes has been demonstrated to account for the enhancement of the photoelectrochemical performance. Observations by the UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, glancing incidence angle X-ray diffraction (GIA-XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicate that the rutile fraction is at the bottom of the nanotubes while the anatase fraction at the body of the nanotubes. The TNTAs with the coexistence of about 60% anatase and 40% rutile exhibit the optimal performance and show the 1.4 times improved photocurrent density compared with the pure anatase TNTAs. Detailed synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy further confirms the existence and effect of the phase junction. The results suggest photogenerated electrons transfer from the rutile phase to anatase phase in the nanotubes due to the band edge alignment, which facilitates the photogenerated carriers separation and transport along the nanotubes and leads to apparent enhancement of the photoelectrochemical behavior.
关键词： photoelectrochemical properties,TiO2 nanotube arrays,phase junction,thermal treatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Study of TiO2 nanotubes decorated with PbS nanoparticles elaborated by pulsed laser deposition: microstructural, optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties
摘要： Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO2 NTAs) have been synthesized using the electrochemical anodization procedure. Lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS NPs) were deposited on TiO2 NTAs (PbS NPs/TiO2 NTAs) using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The prepared samples (PbS NPs/TiO2 NTAs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The size of the PbS NPs was controlled by varying the number of laser pulses (NLP) during the PLD process. TEM observations show that the PbS NPs are in the range of 10–20 nm, consistent with the results obtained from XRD. HRTEM and diffuse reflectivity show that, at NLP ≥ 2500, the growth of the PbS NPs occurs on a previously formed PbS layer. Transmission and absorption spectra show that the PbS-NPs have an indirect optical bandgap which is particle size independent. This optical bandgap corresponds to excitonic transitions, which are greatly affected by oxygen defects, off-stoichiometry and other surface state defects, particularly for smaller NPs (NLP < 2500). The absorption spectra of the TiO2 NTAs show that the PbS NPs extend the absorption range of the TiO2-NTAs from the ultraviolet to the visible region, indicating that the PbS NPs/TiO2 NTAs heterojunction facilitates the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. Photoelectrochemical analyses show that a maximum photocurrent current density of ~1.05 mA/cm2 and a photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency of 2.5% are reached for NLP = 2500 under an illumination of 100 mW/cm2 in the UV–Vis range.
关键词： TiO2 nanotubes,Photoelectrochemical properties,PbS nanoparticles,PLD
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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The effect of bis-carboxylic groups of squarylium dyes on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： Symmetric squarylium dye (SQIND1) with bi-carboxylic groups has been synthesized and photoelectrochemical properties have been studied in comparison with its non-functionalized analog groups (SQIND2). The experimental results showed that the introduction of anchor carboxylic groups in SQIND1 sensitizer provides a more intimate contact with nanoparticles TiO2 which increases the number of charge carriers transferred from the SQIND1 to the semiconductor. The theoretical calculations and absorbance results show that the electron density of LUMO of SQIND1 is delocalized in the whole chromophore, leading to strong electronic coupling between SQIND1 sensitizer and conducting band of TiO2, resulting in improved dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency compared to SQIND2. Hence, the SQIND1 sensitized exhibit better photovoltaic performance. Although, the absence of any linker groups in the SQIND1, then SQIND1 was perfect efficiently sensitized on porous TiO2 with the long UV–Vis and NIR region up to 800?nm of the spectrum and showed higher remarkable performance of values, such as η of 3.3%, a Jsc of 7.6?mA/cm2, a Voc of 0.59, and FF of 0.73.
关键词： Cyclic voltammetry,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Symmetric squarylium dyes,Photoelectrochemical properties,DFT
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22