研究目的
The aim of this study is to fabricate and improve an efficient photovoltaic system capable of absorption in the long wavelength of the spectrum for squarylium dye (SQIND1) which acts as photosensitizer for DSSC.
研究成果
The introduction of carboxylic groups in the indoline of SQIND1 sensitizer leads to bathochromic shifts of the absorption and fluorescence band, resulting in improved dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency. The SQIND1 sensitized exhibits a better photovoltaic performance compared to SQIND2.
研究不足
The study focused on the comparison between SQIND1 and SQIND2 dyes and their interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles. The limitations include the specific conditions under which the experiments were conducted and the focus on a narrow range of dyes.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis of symmetric squarylium dyes (SQIND1 and SQIND2) and comparison of their photoelectrochemical properties. Theoretical calculations and absorbance results were used to understand the electron density distribution and band gap.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The study used synthesized squarylium dyes (SQIND1 and SQIND2) and their interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included 4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid, phenyl hydrazine, squaric acid, sodium acetate anhydrous, acetic acid, sodium carbonate anhydrous, 3-methyl butan-2-one, chloroform, sodium sulfate anhydrous, iodoethane, ethyl acetate, toluene, n-butanol, diethyl ether, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether 60/80, and silica gel 60–120 mesh for column chromatography. Instruments included Bruker AVANCE III WM 400 and 600 spectrometers, Perkin Elmer Lambda UV-1800 spectroscopy, Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT 128N for cyclic voltammetry, and Gaussian 09 program package for theoretical calculations.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The synthesis involved multiple steps including refluxing, neutralization, extraction, and purification. The dyes were then used to fabricate DSSC, and their performance was measured under sunlight.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data was analyzed using theoretical calculations, absorbance results, and photovoltaic performance measurements.
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