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- 2015
- Xanthomonas oryzae
- multispectral and multimodal microscopy
- spectroscopic imaging
- plant cell diseases
- classification
- rice
- Applied Physics
- University of Sciences, Technique and Technology Bamako
- Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphou?t-Boigny Yamoussoukro
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2D In <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> Nanoflake Coupled with Graphene toward High‐Sensitivity and Fast‐Response Bulk‐Silicon Schottky Photodetector
摘要： BACKGROUND: Emamectin benzoate (EB) has recently been successfully applied as a trunk injection for preventative control of the pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Here, a whole-organism transcriptomic analysis provides comprehensive insights into the adverse effects of EB on B. xylophilus. RESULTS: A large set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, demonstrating the antagonistic effects of EB on B. xylophilus embryonic and larval development, reproduction, nervous and motor systems, and pathogenesis. In toxicity assays with EB, the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, thrashing frequency, and developmental rate of B. xylophilus were significantly suppressed at low concentrations (0.1 μg mL?1). Moreover, the transcriptional changes validated by real-time quantitative PCR showed downregulated transcript levels of the genes encoding pectate lyases, β-1,4-endoglucanases, and upregulated the genes encoding glutamate-gated chloride channel, γ-aminobutyric acid type β receptor, uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase, ATP-binding cassette transporter. The potential responses of B. xylophilus to EB included the upregulation of several genes putatively contributing to oocyte protection, stem cell renewal, and xenobiotic degradation, implying the potential for drug resistance to develop. CONCLUSION: Our findings further our understanding of the effects of EB for managing the PWD and may help to improve the pesticide-use strategies for controlling B. xylophilus.
关键词： parasitism,plant-parasitic nematode,nematicide,trunk injection,mode-of-action
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Industry 4.0 approach aligned with the challenges of grid-connected photovoltaic systems
摘要： Technological innovations applied to photovoltaic (PV) energy are important for improving the process of conversion and management of energy, being one of the renewable energies challenges. In this occasion, the phenomenon called Industry 4.0 encourages new concepts and methods of work for several areas integrating automation systems, cyber-physical systems, and the internet, facilitating innovations, such as using smarts grids. Thus, this paper aims to show the challenges for PV systems and brings the union of possible solutions applied in a photovoltaic plant with an approach to Industry 4.0. To do so was analyzed the main challenges for each component and proposed a PV system in software PV*SOL with power optimizers, inverter, and PV modules cleaning system. Subsequently, the proposed system is compared with other scenarios. An analysis was made in different soiling losses in PV modules, i.e., situations without the PV cleaning system, and tested the application of Industry 4.0 elements in conventional systems with and without solar trackers. As a result, the proposed scenario generated more energy than the conventional PV system. In situations, without carrying out cleaning in the PV modules the power generation was lower, even with a better global optimization performance due to the power optimizers that mitigates part of the energy losses. Therefore, Industry 4.0 can provide connectivity, visibility, predictability, and adaptability improving better control over the variables involved in PV systems.
关键词： Photovoltaic Plant,Photovoltaic System,Industry 4.0,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Applications of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Soil Characterization, Part II: Review of Elemental Analysis and Soil Classification
摘要： In-field soil health assessments, including plant nutrients and toxic elements, are needed and could improve the sustainability of agriculture production. Among the available analytical techniques for these analyses, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become one of the most promising techniques for real-time soil analysis at low cost and without the need of reagents. The first part of this two-part review (Part I, Villas-Boas et al., 2019) in this issue focused on the fundamentals of LIBS for soil analysis and its use for soil chemical and physical characterization. Our objectives in this review article (Part II) are to review (i) the main applications of LIBS in the determination of soil carbon (C), nutrients and toxic elements, spatial elemental mapping, and (ii) its use in soil classification. Traditional and more recent techniques will be compared to LIBS, considering their advantages and disadvantages. LIBS is a promising, versatile technique for detecting many elements in soil samples, requires little or no sample preparation, takes only a few seconds per sample, and has a low cost per sample compared to other techniques. However, overcoming matrix effects is a challenge for LIBS applications in soil analysis, since most studies are conducted with limited changes in the matrix. In spite of the limitation of matrix effects, a typical LIBS system has a limit of detection of 0.3, 0.6, 4, 7, 10, 18, 46, and 89 mg kg-1 for Mo, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, K, and Ca, respectively. LIBS holds potential for real-time in-field spatial elemental analysis of soils and practical applications in precision farming with proper calibration. This could lead to immediate diagnoses of contaminated soil and inefficient nutrient supplies and facilitate well-informed soil management, increasing agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts.
关键词： soil contamination,soil fertility,rhizosphere,toxic elements,spatial elemental mapping,SOM,precision agriculture,Plant nutrients,soil carbon
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Assessment of 50?kWp rooftop solar photovoltaic plant at The ICFAI University, Jaipur: A case study
摘要： Currently, India is espousing nonconventional energy sources at an express rate owing to concerns about climate change, emission of harmful greenhouse gases (GHG), and exhausting conventional energy sources. The solar photovoltaic (SPV) plants are, hence, expected to play a noteworthy role to meet energy security and sustainability goals. Contemporary studies reveal substantial ecological concerns associated with installing the ground mounted SPV plants in urban locations. Further observations depict that aforementioned plants need additional land, transmission, and distribution infrastructures. Consequently, rooftop SPV plants are the best solution to produce energy in urban locations, owing to the availability of a large number of empty rooftop spaces with least capacity expenditure. The present article discusses the techno-economic and ecological aspects of a 50 kWp rooftop SPV plant installed at ICFAI University, Jaipur. The plant has produced around 64.149 MWh in the year 2017. The technical assessment focuses on the effects of the meteorological parameters upon energy generation factors. The annual average final yield, reference yield, capacity utilization factor, and performance ratio found to be 106.9 kWh/kWp/month, 149.7 kWh/kWp/month, 14.64 and 70%, respectively. The economic parameters like net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index, and payback period are computed with 0–50% subsidy rates, which supports the financial viability of the plant. The plant contributed significantly to reducing GHG emissions by mitigating 102 t CO2, 128 kg SO2, 268 kg NOx, and 7,033 kg ash in the year 2017 as evident from the ecological investigation.
关键词： rooftop solar photovoltaic plant,GHG emissions,meteorological parameters,pay back period,capacity utilization factor,performance ratio
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhanced quantum yields and efficiency in a quantum dot photocell modeled by a multi-level system
摘要： An ultraviolet energy dissipation mechanism plays a critical role in the photoprotection effect of sunscreens. In this work, we discovered substitution dependent UV energy dissipation mechanisms of model plant sunscreen methyl sinapate (MS). We found that the initially populated V(ππ*) states of MS and p-OMeMS relax to the ground state nonradiatively along an ultrafast trans?cis photoisomerization in tens of picoseconds. However, for p-HMS, an internal conversion from V(ππ*) to a relative dark V′(ππ*) state occurs in less than 1 ps, leading to a branching of the excited-state relaxations. The V(ππ*) state still relaxes nonradiatively as in the case of MS and p-OMeMS. In contrast, the V′(ππ*) state decays to the ground state mainly by emitting photons, exhibiting a lifetime as long as 5 ns. It is the first time to definitely distinguish the dynamics between V(ππ*) and V′(ππ*) states in the study of sinapates and cinnamates. These results indicate the anticipation of the V′(ππ*) state should be avoided when designing sunscreens.
关键词： excited-state dynamics,methyl sinapate,plant sunscreens,ultraviolet energy dissipation,photoisomerization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Facile synthesis of the desired red phosphor Li <sub/>2</sub> Ca <sub/>2</sub> Mg <sub/>2</sub> Si <sub/>2</sub> N <sub/>6</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> for high CRI white LEDs and plant growth LED device
摘要： The red emission with suitable peak wavelength and narrow band is acutely required for high color rendering index (CRI) white LEDs without at the cost of the luminous efficacy. Herein, the Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ red phosphor was prepared with facile solid-state method using Ca3N2, Mg3N2, Si3N4, Li3N, and Eu2O3 as the safety raw materials under atmospheric pressure for the first time, which shows red emission peaking at 638 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 62 nm under blue light irradiation and becomes the desired red phosphor to realize the balance between luminous efficacy and high CRI in white LEDs. The morphology, structure, luminescence properties, thermal quenching behavior, and chromaticity stability of the Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ phosphor are investigated in detail. Concentration quenching occurs when the Eu2+ content exceeds 1.0 mol%, whereas high temperature photoluminescent measurements show a 32% drop from the room temperature efficiency at 423 K. In view of the excellent luminescence performances of Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ phosphor, a white LEDs with CRI of 91 as a proof-of-concept experiment was fabricated by coating the title phosphor with Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ on a blue LED chip. In addition, the potential application of the title phosphor in plant growth LED device was also demonstrated. All the results indicate that Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+ is a promising red-emitting phosphor for blue-LED-based high CRI white LEDs and plant growth lighting sources.
关键词： Li2Ca2Mg2Si2N6:Eu2+,high CRI white LEDs,plant growth LED device,phosphor
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Engineering cation vacancies to improve the luminescence properties of Ca <sub/>14</sub> Al <sub/>10</sub> Zn <sub/>6</sub> O <sub/>35</sub> : Mn <sup>4+</sup> phosphors for LED plant lamp
摘要： In the recent years, Mn4+-doped phosphors for indoor plant cultivation have received extensive concern owing to the far-red emission that can match well with the absorption spectra of plant pigments. Whereas, many Mn4+-doped phosphors still face some challenges such as poor light efficiency and low thermal stability. It is an effective way to resolve these problems via cation vacancies engineering. Herein, the Ca14-xAl10Zn6-yO35: Mn4+ phosphors are successfully synthesized by combustion method. The luminescence intensity of Ca14-xAl10Zn6-yO35: Mn4+ phosphor is enhanced through engineering Ca2+ and Zn2+ vacancies according to the charge compensation mechanism. The optimal content of each of Ca2+ and Zn2+ vacancies is equal to be 0.3. Furthermore, the defect formation is accompanied with lattice distortion, which plays a vital role in driving the excited phonon traps to reduce the energy loss by non-radiation transitions. Therefore, the thermal stability of Ca14-xAl10Zn6-yO35: Mn4+ phosphor is also improved via engineering cation vacancies. In addition, the Ca14-xAl10Zn6-yO35: Mn4+ phosphors can be effectively excited by blue light and it exhibits far-red emission due to the Mn4+ spin-forbidden 2E→4A2 transition. The results suggest that the Ca14-xAl10Zn6-yO35: Mn4+ phosphors can have a tremendous potential in indoor plant cultivation.
关键词： defects,cation vacancies,LED plant lighting,phosphors,charge compensation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enzyme-Assisted Photoinjection of Megadalton Molecules into Intact Plant Cells Using Femtosecond Laser Amplifier
摘要： femtosecond laser photoporation has become a popular method to deliver various kinds of molecules such as genes, proteins, and fluorescent dyes into single mammalian cells. However, this method is not easily applied to plant cells because their cell wall and turgor pressure prevent the delivery, especially for larger molecules than the mesh size of the cell wall. This work is the first demonstration of the efficient photoinjection of megadalton molecules into a cytoplasm of an intact single plant cell by employing a femtosecond laser amplifier under moderate enzyme treatment conditions. The intense femtosecond laser pulse effectively formed a pore on the cell wall and membrane of Tobacco BY-2, and 2 MDa dextran molecules were introduced through the pore. Along with the pore formation, induced mechanical tensile stresses on BY-2 cells were considered to increase permeability of the cell membrane and enhance the uptake of large molecules. Moreover, the moderate enzyme treatment partially degraded the cell wall thereby facilitating the increase of the molecular introduction efficiency.
关键词： plant cells,femtosecond laser,megadalton molecules,photoinjection,enzyme treatment
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition of tea plants under field condition using hyperspectral imaging coupled with chemometrics
摘要： BACKGROUND: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of nitrogen (N) status in ?eld crops is of great signi?cance for site-speci?c N fertilizer management. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hyperspectral imaging coupled with chemometrics for the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of N status in tea plants under ?eld conditions. RESULTS: Hyperspectral data from mature leaves of tea plants with di?erent N application rates were preprocessed by standard normal variate (SNV). Partial least squares discriminative analysis (PLS-DA) and least squares–support vector machines (LS-SVM) were used for the classi?cation of di?erent N status. Furthermore, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used for the prediction of N content. The results showed that the LS-SVM model yielded better performance with correct classi?cation rates of 82% and 92% in prediction sets for the diagnosis of di?erent N application rates and N status, respectively. The PLSR model for leaf N content (LNC) showed excellent performance, with correlation coe?cients of 0.924, root mean square error of 0.209, and residual predictive deviation of 2.686 in the prediction set. In addition, the important wavebands of the PLSR model were interpreted based on regression coe?cients. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results suggest that the hyperspectral imaging technique can be an e?ective and accurate tool for qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of N status in tea plants.
关键词： nitrogen status,hyperspectral imaging,leaf nitrogen content,tea plant
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Development of a Near-infrared Laser-induced Surface Deformation Microscope and Its Application to the Dynamic Viscoelastic Measurements of Single Living Plant Cell Surfaces
摘要： A near-infrared laser-induced surface deformation (NIR-LISD) microscope is developed and is applied to the dynamic viscoelastic measurements of the surface of a living plant cell. In the microscope, the deformation of the surface is induced by an NIR laser beam, and then the change in intensity of the probe beam reflected from the surface reflects its viscoelasticity. The application of the NIR laser beam has a great advantage for the prevention of damage to the plant cell compared to the irradiation of a visible laser beam in LISD measurements. The NIR-LISD microscope allows for discriminating the differences in power spectra between the subapical and lateral regions of single rhizoids. It is a useful method for the dynamic viscoelastic measurements of cells, such as plant cells, that are damaged due to the strong absorption of ultraviolet or visible light.
关键词： plant cell,near-infrared laser,dynamic viscoelasticity,LISD microscope
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04