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Miniaturized Planar Sensor Development
摘要： This paper describes the process of developing a miniature device with planar sensors utilizing electrical capacitance measurement. The project investigates the feasibility and characterization of a miniaturized planar sensor integrated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chamber. A 16-planar-electrodes array, with each dimension of the electrode, 4 mm × 2 mm (length × width) was fabricated using a printed circuit board (PCB) technology due to its low cost advantage. The measurement chamber for the sensing area was fabricated using PDMS. The PDMS chamber was bonded on the PCB with a semi cured PDMS to create a round sensing area for sample loading. The mould to develop the PDMS chamber was designed using AutoCAD 2010 and was fabricated using a 3D printer. Capacitance measurement of the planar electrodes was carried out using water as the sample and was validated using a theoretical calculation. Experimental result shows that the distance of the measured electrodes is inversely proportional to the capacitance value. The range of the measured capacitances of the measurement varies from 10 pF to 20 pF. The result shows that the planar sensors are able to provide capacitance measurement within the miniaturized platform where the measured capacitance showed good agreement with the theoretical calculation.
关键词： printed circuit board (PCB),Planar sensors,capacitance measurement,polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on PDMS Substrate and Ga-In Liquid Metal
摘要： A novel flexible pressure sensor, based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) liquid metal, was developed for detecting various applied pressures. The sensor was fabricated with PDMS polymer based electrode channels that are filled with EGaIn liquid metal. The liquid metal based electrodes were designed to form four capacitors (C1, C2, C3 and C4). Conventional PCB technology was used to manufacture the master mold to form the PDMS based electrode channels. Corona discharge treatment was employed to bond the PDMS layers at room temperature, under atmospheric pressure. The capability of the fabricated pressure sensor was demonstrated by investigating the capacitive based response of the device for varying applied pressures. Average capacitance changes ranging from 2.3% to 12.0%, 2.6% to 11.8%, 2.5% to 12.2% and 2.7% to 13.1% when compared to the based capacitance of 14.1 pF, 15.1 pF, 13.8 pF and 13.3 pF was obtained for C1, C2, C3 and C4, respectively, for applied pressures ranging from 0.25 MPa to 1.10 MPa. A linear relationship was obtained for the average capacitance change with a sensitivity of 0.11%/MPa, and a correlation coefficient of 0.9975. The results obtained thus demonstrate the feasibility of employing liquid metal based electrodes for the fabrication of flexible pressure sensing devices.
关键词： Corona treatment,Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS),Eutectic Gallium - Indium (EGaIn),Printed circuit board (PCB),Pressure Sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra interpretation and characterization using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC): a new procedure for data and spectral interference processing fostering the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling process
摘要： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to characterize base (Al and Cu) and noble (Au and Ag) elements on a printed circuit board (PCB) from hard disk (HD). A PCB was cut in 77 fragments and, a matrix of 4 rows and 4 columns with 10 laser pulses in each point of the matrix was acquired in each fragment by LIBS. For each element, a spectral range was selected with its respective emission lines and, Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was used to model the data. LIBS spectra are two-way data, but in this case, the depths were used as a third mode being the data set: samples × variables (emission lines) × depths (laser pulses from 1 to 10). PARAFAC was able to model spectral interference and analyte emission line in separate components, which allows to remove the contribution of the concomitants from the measured data. The scores (relative concentrations, mode 1) of the component of interest was used to create a map of the PCB colored by concentration, and it was possible visualize where the element is predominantly located on the PCB. In addition, classification models were performed for Au and Ag using Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) after removal of the interferents using the PARAFAC result. Good figures of merit were obtained for calibration, cross-validation and validation data set with accuracy ranging from 0.94 to 0.98. Therefore, the use of PARAFAC and LIBS spectra were very useful, being a great contribution to LIBS community and for urban mining.
关键词： multi-way analysis,printed circuit board,Urban mining,noble elements,classification models
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dielectric Anisotropy Sensor Using Coupled Resonators
摘要： In this article, a new approach is proposed for the measurement of the uniaxial anisotropic dielectric constant of different planar samples by means of a single sensor. The sensor is based on a couple of straight-line coupled resonators in microstrip technology that can be excited in odd and even propagation modes. This sensor is designed on an isotropic substrate at the design frequency. Due to the electric field configuration specific for each mode, it is possible to relate these modes to the dielectric constant in two different directions (parallel and perpendicular) of a dielectric material placed on top of the sensor. This technique is used for the successful characterization of the dielectric constant anisotropic of anisotropic dielectrics (FR4, Rogers 4350B, and Arlon Diclad 880), and the isotropic material PTFE.
关键词： FR4,Anisotropic,dielectric constant,printed circuit board (PCB),uniaxial,anisotropy,sample under test (SUT)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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External Electromagnet FPCB Micromirror for Large Angle Laser Scanning
摘要： An external electromagnet plus moving PM (permanent magnet) FPCB (?exible printed circuit board) micromirror is proposed in this paper that can overcome two limitations associated with the previous FPCB micromirror with a con?guration of an external PM plus moving coil, i.e., (1) it reduces the overall width beyond the mirror plate, and (2) increases the maximum rotation angle. The micromirror has two external electromagnets underneath an FPCB structure (two torsion beams and a middle seat) with two moving PM discs attached to the back and a metal-coated mirror plate bonded to the front of the FPCB middle seat. Modeling and simulation were introduced, and the prototype was fabricated and tested to verify the design. The achieved performance was better than that of the previous design: a maximum resonant rotation angle of 62 (optical) at a driving voltage of ±3 V with a frequency of 191 Hz, the required extra width beyond the mirror plate was 6 mm, and an aperture of 8 mm × 5.5 mm with a roughness of <10 nm and a ?atness of >10 m (ROC, radius of curvature). The previous FPCB micromirror’s performance was: strain limited maximum rotation angle was 40 (optical), the extra width beyond the mirror plate was 14.7 mm, and had an aperture of 4 mm × 4 mm with a similar roughness and ?atness.
关键词： ?exible printed circuit board (FPCB) micromirror,large aperture,high ?atness,moving permanent magnet (PM),external electromagnet
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 24th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2019 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC) - Fukuoka, Japan (2019.7.7-2019.7.11)] 2019 24th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2019 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC) - Investigation of Roughness Induced Scattering Loss of Polymer Waveguides for Optical Printed Circuit Board Application
摘要： We numerically and experimentally investigated the sidewall roughness induced scattering loss of polymer waveguides. The results show that the scattering loss largely increase when the core width of the waveguide is smaller than 10 μm.
关键词： Optical printed circuit board,Emerging materials and fabrication method for passive photonic platforms
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Review of Manufacturing Materials and Production Methods for Frequency-Selective Structures [Wireless Corner]
摘要： This article presents a review of frequency-selective structure (FSS) manufacturing materials and production methods ranging from the common printed circuit board (PCB)-based designs to textile, ink, metal, or fluid prototypes. Our work gathers some of the most relevant solutions published by the scientific community and considers several examples depicted for each case. Additionally, the main physical parameters that may have a significant impact on FSS performance have been identified, e.g., electrical conductivity of the FSS conductive element and the relative permittivity and thickness of the FSS dielectric material. Finally, a comparative analysis of the materials and techniques is presented, which highlights the benefits and limitations of each solution.
关键词： printed circuit board,relative permittivity,metal,Frequency-selective structures,fluid prototypes,textile,ink,electrical conductivity,production methods,manufacturing materials
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Surface Modification of Fluoropolymer Using Open-Air Plasma Treatment at Atmospheric Pressure with Ar, Ar＋O<sub>2</sub>, and Ar＋H<sub>2</sub> for Application in HighAdhesion Metal Wiring Patterns
摘要： We performed open-air plasma treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at atmospheric pressure to increase the adhesion strength between PTFE and an Ag metal film formed from Ag ink. Coloration of the PTFE surface occurred during 600 s treatment with Ar plasma. The Ag/PTFE adhesion strength was 0.06 N/mm. To resolve the problem of coloration and to improve the adhesion strength, O2 or H2 gas was added. During treatment with Ar + O2 plasma with O2 content of 0.33% for 600 s, no coloration occurred but the adhesion strength decreased to zero. During treatment with Ar + H2 plasma for 600 s, coloration did not occur. Moreover, the adhesion strength increased to 0.25-0.55 N/mm. These results showed that H2 addition was effective for preventing coloration and improving adhesion strength during long-period plasma treatment. Furthermore, the uniformity of surface treatment with Ar + H2 plasma was higher than that for Ar plasma.
关键词： Adhesion,Ag Ink,Printed Circuit Board for High-Frequency,Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),Atmospheric Plasma Treatment
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 19th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM) - Erlagol (Altai Republic), Russia (2018.6.29-2018.7.3)] 2018 19th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM) - Use of Genetic Algorithm and Evolution Strategy when Revealing the Worst Case Effects of Crosstalk Propagation in PCB Bus of Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation System
摘要： Importance of the genetic algorithm (GA) and evolution strategy (ES) usage in the investigation of an ultrashort pulse peak voltage in a printed circuit board (PCB) bus of autonomous navigation system (ANS) is highlighted. Trapezoidal ultrashort pulse propagation along the conductors of the PCB bus was optimized. The optimization was made by maximization criteria of maximum crosstalk amplitude at the preset point. The two methods were used for the optimization, which results are compared. The ES optimization was run 20 times when the initial solution was 300 ps. The GA optimization was run 10 times with the parameters: the number of chromosomes – 5, 10; the number of populations – 5, 7, 10, 15; mutation coefficient – 0.1; crossover coefficient – 0.5. After the ES and GA optimizations the crosstalk maximums of 32% and 78% of steady state level in the active conductors respectively were revealed and localized.
关键词： evolution strategy,printed circuit board,ultrashort pulse,genetic algorithm,optimization,peak voltage
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14