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An Assembled Ordered W18O49 Nanowire Film with high SERS Sensitivity and Stability for the detection of RB
摘要： In this work, a novel ordered nanowire film composed of non-stoichiometric semiconductor metal oxide, W18O49, was assembled by a three-phase-interface approach. The prepared W18O49 nanowires possess relatively uniform morphologies with average diameter of about 10 nm. When employed as the SERS substrate for the detection of rhodamine B (RB), the ordered W18O49 nanowire film calcined in Ar/H2 (W18O49-H2) exhibited stronger SERS signal than W18O49 nanowire films which resulted from the existence of more oxygen vacancies due to the reduction effect of H2. The SERS detection limit of RB on W18O49-H2 nanowire films reached 10-7 M. And more importantly, the W18O49-H2 nanowire film SERS substrate possessed outstanding reproducibility for detecting RB because of the ordered as well as stable morphology, reflecting in the low relative standard deviation (RSD) (9.7%). Therefore, as a new non-noble metal SERS substrate, the W18O49-H2 nanowire film provides an important inspiration for its wide application in the detection of pollutants.
关键词： reproducibility,ordered W18O49 nanowire film,SERS substrate,RB detection
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Extremely robust gas quenching deposition of halide perovskites on top of hydrophobic hole transport materials for inverted (p-i-n) solar cells by targeting the precursor wetting issue.
摘要： Lead halide perovskite solar cells afford high power conversion efficiencies, even though the photoactive layer is formed in a solution process. At the same time, solution processing may impose some severe de-wetting issues, especially if organic, hydrophobic charge transport layers are considered. Ultimately, very narrow processing windows with a relatively large spread in device performance and a considerable lab-to-lab variation result. Here, we unambiguously identify dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which is commonly used as a co-solvent and complexing agent, to be the main reason for de-wetting of the precursor solution on hydrophobic hole transport layers, such as polytriarylamine (PTAA), in a gas quenching assisted deposition process. In striking contrast, we will show that n-methyl-2-pyrrolidon (NMP), which has a lower hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance, can be favorably used instead of DMSO to strongly mitigate these de-wetting issues. The resulting high-quality perovskite layers are extremely tolerant with respect to the mixing ratio (NMP:DMF) and other process parameters. Thus, our findings afford an outstandingly robust, easy to use and failsafe deposition technique yielding single (MAPbI3) and double (FA0.94Cs0.06PbI3) cation perovskite solar cells with high efficiencies (~ 18.5 %). Most notably, the statistical variation of the devices is significantly reduced, even if the deposition process is performed by different persons. We foresee, that our results will further the reliable preparation of perovskite thin films and mitigate process-to-process variations that still hinder the prospects of upscaling perovskite solar technology.
关键词： gas quenching,perovskite solar cells,reproducibility,perovskite precursor wetting,perovskite deposition
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Development of Highly Reliable SERS‐active Photonic Crystal Fiber Probe and its Application in the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker in Cyst Fluid
摘要： Conventionally Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is realized by adsorbing analytes onto nano-roughened planar substrate coated with noble metals (silver or gold) or their colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). Nano scale irregularities in such substrates/NPs could lead to SERS sensors with poor reproducibility and repeatability. Herein, we demonstrate a suspended core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based SERS sensor with extremely high reproducibility and repeatability in measurement with a relative standard deviation of only 1.5% and 4.6% respectively, which makes it more reliable than any existing SERS sensor platforms. In addition, our platform could improve the detection sensitivity owing to the increased interaction area between the guided light and the analyte, which is incorporated into the holes that runs along the length of the PCF. Numerical calculation established the significance of the interplay between light coupling efficiency and evanescent field distribution, which could eventually determine the sensitivity and reliability of the developed SERS active-PCF sensor. As a proof of concept, using this sensor, we demonstrated the detection of haptoglobin, a biomarker for ovarian cancer, contained within the ovarian cyst fluid, which facilitated in differentiating the stages of the cancer. We envision that with necessary refinements, this platform could potentially be translated as a next generation highly sensitive SERS-active opto-fluidic biopsy needle for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids.
关键词： reproducibility and repeatability in measurement,Surface enhanced Raman scattering,photonic crystal fiber,biopsy needle,protein sensing,ovarian cancer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Achieving Reproducibility and High Efficiency (>21%) Perovskite Solar Cells with a Pre-synthesized FAPbI3 Powder
摘要： The conventional precursor mixture based on highly pure and expensive PbI2 (purity>99.99%) is problematic in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSC) because of a large deviation in the batch-to-batch photovoltaic performance due to underlying non-stoichiometry and/or non-perovskite phase. Here, we report on reproducible efficiency (>21%) PSCs based on the ambient-temperature-stable delta-phase FAPbI3 powder, synthesized by reacting PbI2 (either home-made or low-grade commercial product with purity <99%) with formamidinium iodide (FAI) at room temperature (~93% yield). X-ray diffraction patterns confirms that annealing the spin-coated film leads to phase purity of cubic alpha FAPbI3. As compared to the conventional precursor mixture based on PbI2 (purity = 99.9985%), a significantly reduced defect in the powder-based film is responsible for the stable and reproducible efficiency. In addition, homogeneous light-intensity-dependent surface photocurrent contributes to the reproducibility of photovoltaic performance. The quasi-steady-state PCE of 21.07% is certified from the device based on FAPbI3 powder.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,FAPbI3 powder,reproducibility,defect reduction,high efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Comparative Studies on the Efficiency, Reproducibility and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In literature, many studies based on planar inverted structure using either CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite absorbers have reported as high-efficiency solid-state perovskite solar cells. This study includes the comparison of photovoltaic characterizations, reproducibility and stability results of solar cells fabricated by using CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite compounds. Herein, the results showed that CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells gave a lower photovoltaic performance as-fabricated when compared with CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite solar cells. However, after 24 hours, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite compound showed a higher photovoltaic performance and better time stability in inert atmosphere and more reproducible results.
关键词： reproducibility,Planar thin film photovoltaics,Perovskite solar cell,stability
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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55.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Achieving high uniformity of 200 mm GaN‐on‐Si LED epiwafers for micro LED applications
摘要： One of the big challenges of micro LED displays is to reduce cost/increase yield and establish excellent manufacturability. Galliumnitride on silicon (GaN-on-Si) LED epiwafers offer fundamental cost advantages to the entire process flow for micro LEDs compared with conventional GaN-on-sapphire LED epiwafers. However, due to the difficulties of epitaxial growth of GaN-on-Si, demonstration of such cost advantages in micro LED application is not wide-spread yet. In this presentation, we have demonstrated excellent emission uniformity with well- controlled strain by precise strain-engineering. This opens the way to use the advantages of GaN-on-Si LED epiwafers in the entire supply chain of micro LED making and thus reduce cost significantly and enable high yield manufacturing.
关键词： curvature,GaN-on-Si,200 mm epiwafer,reproducibility,micro LED,emission wavelength uniformity,strain-engineering
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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DEVELOPMENT OF A MOTION CAPTURE SYSTEM USING KINECT
摘要： Microsoft Kinect has been identified as a potential alternative tool in the field of motion capture due to its simplicity and low cost. To date, the application and potential of Microsoft Kinect has been vigorously explored especially for entertainment and gaming purposes. However, its motion capture capability in terms of repeatability and reproducibility is still not well addressed. Therefore, this study aims to explore and develop a motion capture system using Microsoft Kinect; focusing on developing the interface, motion capture protocol as well as measurement analysis. The work is divided into several stages which include installation (Microsoft Kinect and MATLAB); parameters and experimental setup, interface development; protocols development; motion capture; data tracking and measurement analysis. The results are promising, where the variances are found to be less than 1% for both repeatability and reproducibility analysis. This proves that the current study is significant and the gained knowledge could contribute to enhancing the capability of Microsoft Kinect as a motion capture system.
关键词： Microsoft kinect,repeatability,reproducibility,motion capture system,measurement analysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment
摘要： Externally visible deformities are cosmetic features of great concern for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients. Current assessment techniques for AIS do not fully encompass the external deformity. A non-invasive method capable of capturing superficial anatomy, such as 3D scanning, would enable better qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cosmesis. This study aimed to quantify the accuracy of commonly available scanners, in assessing posterior asymmetry in AIS. The technique of 3D surface deviation analysis was proposed as a suitable method for comparing the models created by each scanner. Eight plaster cast moulds manufactured to create braces for AIS patients were used as test samples. Four 3D scanners were selected: Solutionix RexScan CS + ; Artec Eva; Microsoft Kinect V1; iPhone with 123D Catch App. These scanners were selected from those available as representative of a range of scanning technologies. Each cast was scanned and 3D models created. A simulated rib hump measurement was obtained and the surface-to-surface deviations between the Solutionix scan and all other scans were determined. The Solutionix scanner is a metrology scanner of very high quality and so it was selected as the reference. Surface-to-surface deviations were calculated in the positive and negative directions separately to specifically identify size and volume inaccuracies created by the scans. Surface deviations showed excellent agreement between the Solutionix and the Eva with deviations of + 0.17 ± 0.17 mm (Eva regions larger) and ?0.20 ± 0.32 mm (Eva regions smaller) (mean ±SD). The Kinect showed lower agreement ( + 1.58 ± 1.50 mm and ?0.58 ± 0.58 mm). The iPhone scans were not able to be scaled to the correct size, so were excluded. Rib hump measurements with all scanners were within clinical measurement variability ( ±4.9 deg) of the known values. These commercially available 3D scanners are capable of imaging torso shape in 3D and deriving clinically relevant external deformity measures. The non-invasive 3D topographic information provided can be used to improve assessment of torso shape in spinal deformity patients.
关键词： Torso Deformity,3D Scanning,Scoliosis,Accuracy,Reproducibility of results,Surface topography,Surface Deviations
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Repeatability, reproducibility and interocular difference in the assessments of optic nerve OCT in children– a Swedish population-based study
摘要： Background: The aim was, first, to collect normative data of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness assessed with Cirrus SD-OCT, in healthy children in a population-based study; second, using these data, to examine repeatability, reproducibility and the interocular difference. Methods: One-hundred and ten eyes from 57 children aged 6–15 born at term, were examined. Best-corrected visual acuity and refraction were assessed. Both eyes were examined and the interocular difference was calculated. Repeatability was calculated by one examiner performing three assessments. Thereafter, a second examiner repeated the assessments to calculate reproducibility. Results: Mean RNFL thickness was 99.2 (SD 8.8) μm, mean disc area 1.89 (SD 0.37) mm2 and mean rim area 1.52 (SD 0.26) mm2. No significant correlations with age, gender or refraction were found. Repeatability and reproducibility were good overall. There was interocular symmetry between the eyes. Conclusions: Normal values for optic nerve head and RNFL thickness assessed with Cirrus SD-OCT were gathered to obtain a normal material in children. High repeatability and reproducibility indicated reliability of assessments performed by different examiners on different occasions. Overall, good correlation between right and left eyes was found.
关键词： Children,Optical coherence tomography (OCT),Repeatability,Interocular difference,Normal values,Reproducibility
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Review of instrumental inter-agreement study of spectral and colorimetric data of commercial multiangle spectrophotometers
摘要： Several different instruments have been introduced into the market to obtain good color characterization for different measurement configurations. These commercial instruments have different optical and working configurations, however, the measurement data provided by each instrument should be similar to have good consistency when comparing them to each other measuring the same sample material. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to apply an inter-model agreement study of spectral and colorimetric data of three instruments (CM-M6, BYK-mac-I, and MA98). Two different statistical tests were applied following ASTM recommendations. In general, the measurement geometries close to the specular direction and the flop direction showed greater deviations. In addition, the partial color differences calculated for the comparison of MA98 versus CM-M6 were larger than the BYK-mac-i versus CM-M6 comparison. Finally, it can be concluded that most of the measurement geometries were statistically significantly different from each other which means that these differences were due to systematic or bias errors and not exclusively to random errors.
关键词： inter-model-agreement,color measurement,goniochromatism,spectrophotometry,reproducibility
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46