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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
摘要： Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are considered one of the most aggressive and expensive complications of diabetes. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been highlighted as a potential modality of treatment to accelerate the healing of ulcers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of DFU and identify the LLLT application parameters recommended for the treatment of DFU over the past 10 years. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, BVS, PEDro, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL up to March 31, 2019. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of LLLT on the treatment of DFU were included. Thirteen RCTs with a total of 361 participants were included in this review. Three RCTs reported a reduction in the percentage size of the ulcers and were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the percentage size difference demonstrated a significant reduction in ulcer size in the LLLT group compared with controls (22.96 [95% confidence interval = 18.22-27.69; z = 9.51, P < .0001]). Treatment with 632.8 to 685 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 to 6 J/cm2, and irradiation for 30 to 80 seconds, 3 times weekly for a month is of benefit to patients with DFU. LLLT is effective and safe for the treatment of DFU. Additionally, well-designed, high-quality studies are needed to allow its ideal parameterization for clinical practice.
关键词： diabetic foot ulcer,meta-analysis,low-level laser therapy,systematic review
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XII
摘要： This annual review is an overview of advances in the field of Raman spectroscopy as found in papers published in the previous calendar year in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (JRS), as well as in trends over the past decade across journals that have published papers important to the field of Raman spectroscopy. This information is gleaned from statistical data on article counts obtained from the Clarivate Analytic's Web of Science Core Collection by year and by subfield of Raman spectroscopy. Additional information is gleaned from presentations at the XXVI International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (ICORS 2018) in Jeju Island, Korea in August 2018, and contributions on Raman scattering at SCIX 2018, organized by the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA in October 2018. Coverage is also provided for topics from the European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spetroscopy (ECONOS 2018) held in April in Milan, Italy and GeoRaman 2018 in Catania, Italy in June. Finally, papers published in JRS in 2017 are highlighted and arranged by topics at the frontier of Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of this survey information, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues as in recent years as a rapidly expanding field of research across a wide range of novel disciplines and applications that provide sensitive photonic information of matter at the molecular level.
关键词： review,applications of Raman spectroscopy,advances in Raman spectroscopy,developments in Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Basic Concepts and Recent Advances of Crystallographic Orientation Determination of Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy
摘要： Graphene is a kind of typical two-dimensional material consisting of pure carbon element. The unique material shows many interesting properties which are dependent on crystallographic orientations. Therefore, it is critical to determine their crystallographic orientations when their orientation-dependent properties are investigated. Raman spectroscopy has been developed recently to determine crystallographic orientations of two-dimensional materials and has become one of the most powerful tools to characterize graphene nondestructively. This paper summarizes basic aspects of Raman spectroscopy in crystallographic orientation of graphene nanosheets, determination principles, the determination methods, and the latest achievements in the related studies.
关键词： orientation,Raman,graphene,review
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Use of lasers seems to result in a small decrease in postoperative complications after labial frenectomy compared with scalpels
摘要： The authors conducted a systematic review (SR) to compare the postoperative complications after labial frenectomy (LF) with lasers and scalpels. The authors searched 5 electronic databases and the gray literature for randomized clinical trials addressing this question. The authors included 7 studies in which researchers enrolled a total of 397 participants who were followed up through 90 days. Meta-analysis showed that participants who received LF with a laser had pain scores, on average, 3.18 and 1.04 points lower than those who received LF with a scalpel at 1 and 7 days, respectively. Participants who received LF with a laser had discomfort during speech, on average, 2.15 and 1.60 points lower than those who received LF with a scalpel at 1 and 7 days, respectively. Participants who received LF with a laser had discomfort during chewing, on average, 2.90 and 1.56 points lower than those who received LF with a scalpel at 1 and 7 days, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the groups on the odds of consuming analgesics.
关键词： frenectomy,labial,Surgery,laser,postoperative complications,scalpel,frenulum,systematic review
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Recent Advances in Silica Glass Optical Fiber for Dosimetry Applications
摘要： In this paper, we review the highly promising silica glass, fabricated as doped and undoped optical fiber for intended use in radiation dosimetry. The dosimetry techniques reviewed here, underpinned by intrinsic and extrinsic defects in silica glass, focus on Thermoluminescence (TL), Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Radioluminescence (RL), with occasional references to the much more established Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA). The other focus in this review is on the various materials that have been reported earlier as dopants and modifiers used in silica glass optical fiber radiation dosimeters. This article also elaborates on recently reported optical fiber structures, namely, cylindrical fibers, photonic crystal fibers and flat fibers, as well as dimensions and shapes used for optimization of dosimeter performance. The various types of optical fiber radiation dosimeters are subsequently reviewed for various applications ranging from medical dosimetry such as in external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and diagnostic imaging, as well as in industrial processing and space dosimetry covering a dynamic dose range from μGy to kGy. Investigated dosimetric characteristics include reproducibility, fading, dose response, reciprocity between luminescence yield to dose-rate and energy dependence. The review is completed by a brief discussion on limitations and future developments in optical fiber radiation dosimetry.
关键词： radioluminescence,thermoluminescence,Silica optical fiber,review,dosimetry
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Dual Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Based on Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology
摘要： We review the field of synthetic biology from an analog circuits and analog computation perspective, focusing on circuits that have been built in living cells. This perspective is well suited to pictorially, symbolically, and quantitatively representing the nonlinear, dynamic, and stochastic (noisy) ordinary and partial differential equations that rigorously describe the molecular circuits of synthetic biology. This perspective enables us to construct a canonical analog circuit schematic that helps unify and review the operation of many fundamental circuits that have been built in synthetic biology at the DNA, RNA, protein, and small-molecule levels over nearly two decades. We review 17 circuits in the literature as particular examples of feedforward and feedback analog circuits that arise from special topological cases of the canonical analog circuit schematic. Digital circuit operation of these circuits represents a special case of saturated analog circuit behavior and is automatically incorporated as well. Many issues that have prevented synthetic biology from scaling are naturally represented in analog circuit schematics. Furthermore, the deep similarity between the Boltzmann thermodynamic equations that describe noisy electronic current flow in subthreshold transistors and noisy molecular flux in biochemical reactions has helped map analog circuit motifs in electronics to analog circuit motifs in cells and vice versa via a 'cytomorphic' approach. Thus, a body of knowledge in analog electronic circuit design, analysis, simulation, and implementation may also be useful in the robust and efficient design of molecular circuits in synthetic biology, helping it to scale to more complex circuits in the future.
关键词： feedback,resource consumption,cytomorphic,cellular engineering,biological circuit design,synthetic biology analog computation,Analog circuits,review
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Critical Review on the Utilization of Handheld and Portable Raman Spectrometry in Meat Science
摘要： Traditional methods for the determination of meat quality-relevant parameters are rather time-consuming and destructive, whereas spectroscopic methods offer fast and non-invasive measurements. This review critically deals with the application of handheld and portable Raman devices in the meat sector. Some published articles on this topic tend to convey the impression of unrestricted applicability of mentioned devices in this field of research. Furthermore, results are often subjected to over-optimistic interpretations without being underpinned by adequate test set validation. On the other hand, deviations in reference methods for meat quality assessment and the inhomogeneity of the meat matrix pose a challange to Raman spectroscopy and multivariate models. Nonetheless, handheld and portable Raman devices show considerable potential for some applications in the meat sector.
关键词： handheld,portable,meat,mobile,review,Raman spectroscopy,meat quality
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Progress in Research and Application of Micro-Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
摘要： The technique of micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (μLIBS) usually refers to analyzing the surface of the sample using a compact focused laser beam in the optical microscope range. Compared to conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), it can provide more abundant form, structure, and content information on a smaller, less sample condition. Hence, the application field is very wide. In this paper, the basic status of μLIBS in the selection of laser source and the structure of optical path system is introduced, and its application in metal, semiconductor, animal and plant fields is reviewed. The existing problems and potential development direction is pointed out.
关键词： Segregation,Ablation crater,Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,Review,Microanalysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Stability, reliability, upscaling and possible technological applications of Kesterite solar cells
摘要： We review the stability and reliability results of Kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4, CZTSSe) based solar cells and we complete the reviewed data with additional as yet unpublished data on these matters. We also review published and new data on upscaling and the possible technological applications for this material. The Kesterite material is composed of mainly earth abundant elements and therefore very attractive for large scale applications. Stability data are so far quite scarce and the main results are the accelerated ageing tests carried out for the CZTSSe monograin technology, as well as yet unpublished data on long indoors and outdoors irradiance tests carried out on thin film CZTSSe technology deposited by a wet processing method. On upscaling and technological applications we point out the works on three main large scale photovoltaic technologies (monograin, in-line vacuum thin film, and wet-deposited thin film), as well as some work on water splitting applications.
关键词： applications,Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4,Kesterite,stability,review,photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quality and Reliability of Publicly Accessible Information on Laser Treatments for Urinary Incontinence: What Is Available to Our Patients?
摘要： Study Objective: To determine the quality and reliability of the top 20 internet search results for laser treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Design: Review of 20 websites. Setting: N/A. Patients: None. Interventions: An internet search with the most popular search engine, Google, was undertaken to identify the top 20 websites for laser treatment of SUI. The DISCERN instrument, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct certification, which are standardized, validated tools for the analysis of website quality, credibility, and transparency, were used independently by 7 healthcare workers. The readability of the information was assessed by a single reviewer using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Automated Readability Index. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to document the reliability among website assessors. Measurements and Main Results: Of the 20 websites reviewed, 15 were created by private clinics, 2 by online newspaper or newsletter sites, and 3 by laser medical device manufacturers. None of the websites met all of the JAMA criteria: 1 had attained authorship, 1 had clear attribution, none had adequate disclosure, and 2 achieved currency. None of the websites took part in the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct certification program. The mean DISCERN score (to determine the quality of websites) was 40 (out of 80), with the lowest average scores within the DISCERN tool primarily associated with clarity around sources of information, website bias, posting dates, risks of treatment, and shared treatment decision-making. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for the DISCERN tool (0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.48?0.87) and JAMA benchmarks (0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.73?0.93). The mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was 13.2 (§3.1) and the Automated Readability Index scores ranged from 7.6 to 22.8 (mean 13.5 § 3.5). Conclusion: There is a lack of good quality, reliable, and unbiased information available to patients on laser treatment of SUI on the most commonly searched websites. Information is presented at a reading level that is above that of the average reader, which may indicate that patients will have trouble comprehending the information. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (2020) 00, 1?7. ? 2020 AAGL. All rights reserved.
关键词： Website review,Stress urinary incontinence,Laser vaginal treatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59