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Imide‐Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors
摘要： Imide-functionalized p-conjugated polymer semiconductors have received a great deal of interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties and optoelectronic characteristics, including excellent solubility, highly planar backbones, widely tunable band gaps and energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, and good film morphology. The organic electronics community has witnessed rapid expansion of the materials library and remarkable improvement in device performance recently. This review summarizes the development of imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors as well as their device performance in organic thin-film transistors and polymer solar cells, mainly achieved in the past three years. The materials mainly cover naphthalene diimide, perylene diimide, and bithiophene imide, and other imide-based polymer semiconductors are also discussed. The perspective offers our insights for developing new imide-functionalized building blocks and polymer semiconductors with optimized optoelectronic properties. We hope that this review will generate more research interest in the community to realize further improved device performance by developing new imide-functionalized polymer semiconductors.
关键词： organic thin-film transistors,imide-functionalized polymers,organic semiconductors,solar cells
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Simulation models for supporting the solar thermal power plant operator
摘要： The benefits that may accrue for the operators of Solar Thermal Power Plants by integrating simulators to everyday operation and maintenance management is demonstrated by using a simulation environment allowing steady state and transient modelling. Two representative STPPs are used as test cases, namely a hybrid solar gas turbine plant and a solar steam turbine plant. The plants operation is simulated for different operating modes utilizing annual meteorological data. Component faults that may occur during operation, such as mirror soiling and misalignment are studied. The effects of different operating modes on performance and operability are established and evaluated. The effect of components degradation on performance is assessed, the overall plant performance deterioration is quantified, and the possibility for selecting optimal maintenance planning is discussed.
关键词： Gas turbine,CSP,Fault,Steam turbine,Solar thermal
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Comparative investigation on the exergoeconomic analysis of solar-driven ejector refrigeration systems
摘要： In this article, the economic performance of the solar-driven steam ejector refrigeration system is addressed due to the rising beneficial adoption of this system with regard to using low-grade heat sources. For this purpose, a detailed exergoeconomic analysis on four proposed configurations of this system integrated with precoolers and/or preheaters is performed. At a refrigerant load of 5 kW, the results of this analysis show that it is more advantageous for all configurations to have evaporators work at 278 K with condensers remain at 311 K, whilst the generators are kept working at 362 K. The characteristics of each configuration are comprehensively discussed and compared. Based on the assessment of economic parameters, the fourth configuration provides the highest exergetic efficiency and the lowest total investment cost (0.1891 $/h) compared to the other configurations. The current work furnishes essential information that paves the way for future exergoeconomic studies in this field.
关键词： Solar energy,Exergoeconomic analysis,Ejector refrigeration system,Exergy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The MOTH II Doppler-Magnetographs and Data Calibration Pipeline
摘要： The calibration pipeline of the level zero images obtained from the Magneto-Optical filters at Two Heights (MOTH II) instrument is presented. MOTH II consists of two 20 cm aperture instruments, each using a Magneto-Optical Filter (MOF): one at 5896 ? (Na D2-line), the other one at 7700 ? (K I-line). MOTH II instruments thus provide full disk line-of-sight Doppler velocity and magnetic field measurements at two heights in the solar atmosphere. The developed MOTH II pipeline employs a set of standard calibration corrections, a correction for signal leakage, due to the non-ideal behavior of the polarizers, and the geometrical registration between the eight images acquired by four CMOS cameras, relative to two components of the signal in two circular polarization states, in each of the two channels. MOTH II data are used to investigate atmospheric dynamics (e.g., internal gravity waves and magneto-acoustic portals) and Space Weather phenomena. Particularly, flare forecasting algorithms, based on the detection of magnetic active regions (ARs) and associated flare probability estimation, are currently under development. The possible matching of MOTH II data with SDO/HMI and SDO/AIA images into a flux rope model, developed in collaboration between Harvard-Smithsonian CfA and MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Science, is being tested.
关键词： polarimetric,solar atmosphere,magnetic fields,helioseismology,spectrographs
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Crystal growth, structural phase transitions and optical gap evolution of CH3NH3Pb(Br1-xClx)3 powders
摘要： Chemically tuned inorganic-organic hybrid halide perovskites based on bromide and chloride anions CH3NH3Pb(Br1-xClx)3 have been crystallized and investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbCl3 experience successive phase transitions upon cooling, which are suppressed for intermediate compositions probably due to compositional disorder. For CH3NH3PbCl3 a transient phase, formerly described as tetragonal, was identified at 167.5 K; the analysis of SXRD data demonstrated that it is indeed orthorhombic, with space group Pnma, and a ≈ √2ap; b ≈ 2ap; c ≈ √2ap (ap is the ideal cubic perovskite unit-cell parameter). The band gap engineering brought about by the chemical management of CH3NH3Pb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskites can be controllably tuned: the gap progressively increases with the concentration of Cl ions from 2.2 to 2.9 eV, and shows a concomitant variation with the unit-cell parameters of the cubic phases at 295 K. This study provides an improved understanding of the structural and optical properties of the mixed CH3NH3Pb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskites.
关键词： hybrid perovskite,mixed halide,chlorine,bromine,solar cells
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Estimation and validation of daily global solar radiation by day of the year-based models for different climates in China
摘要： Day of the year-based (DYB) models can achieve great accuracy in daily global solar radiation estimation without specific meteorological elements. Many empirical models (EMs) and machine learning (ML) methods have been proposed for DYB models. However, the number of their comparative studies based on diverse climates is limited. In this study, a grand total of 14 DYB models are established to estimate daily global solar radiation based on measured data from 1994 to 2015 at 35 meteorological stations in six climate zones of China. Detailed tasks are as follows: (1) Seven EMs and seven ML models are trained for solar radiation estimation. (2) A new EM and two novel ML models are proposed, i.e. hybrid 3th order polynomial and sine wave model, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) optimized by chaotic firefly algorithm (CFA) and ANFIS optimized by whale optimization algorithm with simulated annealing and roulette wheel selection (WOASAR). (3) Four statistical indicators are utilized to compare those models, and the best model for each station is decided. (4) We discuss the model parameters and climate variances of six specific stations in different climate zones. The comparison results demonstrate superb estimation precision and climate adaptability of the newly proposed models.
关键词： Day of the year,Empirical models,Global solar radiation estimation,Machine learning
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide overlayers as hole collectors and oxygen evolution catalysts on water splitting photoanodes
摘要： Solar-water-splitting provides a mechanism to convert and store solar energy in the form of stable chemical bonds. Water-splitting systems often include semiconductor photoanodes, such as n-Fe2O3 and n-BiVO4, which use photogenerated holes to oxidize water. These photoanodes often exhibit improved performance when coated with metal-oxide/(oxy)hydroxide overlayers that are catalytic for the water oxidation reaction. The mechanism for this improvement, however, remains a controversial topic. This is, in part, due to a lack of experimental techniques that are able to directly track the flow of photogenerated holes in such multicomponent systems. In this Perspective we illustrate how this issue can be addressed by using a second working electrode to make direct current/voltage measurements on the catalytic overlayer during operation in a photoelectrochemical cell. We discuss examples where the second working electrode is a thin metallic film deposited on the catalyst layer, as well as where it is the tip of a conducting atomic-force-microscopy probe. In applying these techniques to multiple semiconductors (Fe2O3, BiVO4, Si) paired with various metal-(oxy)hydroxide overlayers (e.g. Ni(Fe)OxHy and CoOxHy), we found in all cases investigated that the overlayers collect photogenerated holes from the semiconductor, charging to potentials sufficient to drive water oxidation. The overlayers studied thus form charge-separating heterojunctions with the semiconductor as well as serve as water-oxidation catalysts.
关键词： solar-water-splitting,water oxidation reaction,semiconductor photoanodes,photoelectrochemical cell,metal-oxide/(oxy)hydroxide overlayers
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Direct storage of holes in ultrathin Ni(OH) <sub/>2</sub> on Fe <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> photoelectrodes for integrated solar charging battery-type supercapacitors
摘要： Energy storage is a very significant issue for utilization of solar energy due to its discontinuous and unstable energy flux. Herein, for the first time, we propose a Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2 core–shell nanorod array as a photoelectrochemical battery-type supercapacitor for the direct storage of solar energy. Under light illumination, Fe2O3 absorbs solar energy and produces electron–hole pairs, while Ni(OH)2 stores the photo-generated holes, which can be released as electricity when the light is switched off. In addition, by controlling the valence band position of the semiconductor and the thickness of Ni(OH)2, the side reaction of water oxidation (electrolyte decomposition), which is harmful for the applications of a photoelectrochemical supercapacitor, can be completely suppressed. As a consequence, the specific capacitance of the Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2 photoelectrochemical supercapacitor is enhanced up to 20.6 mF cm?2 at a discharge current density of 0.1 mA cm?2, which is about 4.5 times that of BiVO4/PbOx reported in a previous study. This study offers a very promising device for the direct storage of solar energy and deepens our understanding on the interface charge transfer between a photoelectrode and a battery-type capacitive material.
关键词： water oxidation suppression,Fe2O3@Ni(OH)2,photoelectrochemical supercapacitor,core–shell nanorod array,solar energy storage
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR) - Ernakulam, Cochin, India (2018.7.11-2018.7.13)] 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR) - Statistical Analysis of Monthly Solar Radiations and Wind Speed Data
摘要： Increase in electricity demand has motivated us to move towards renewable energy sources. These energy sources are available abundantly and can never be exhausted. Environmental impacts are much lower than those with conventional energy sources. Therefore, in this study, solar and wind data has been collected at Aurangabad, Maharashtra (Latitude: 19o52’ 3.61” N – Longitude: 75o19’ 23.99” E) for a period of one year and statistical analysis has been carried out. Solar radiation data has been recorded to estimate the level of radiations falling on the same location mentioned above, while the wind speed data has been recorded and analyzed using Weibull and Rayleigh distribution and the best fitting distribution of wind has been found out using goodness of fit tests.
关键词： Weibull,Rayleigh,goodness of fit tests,Chi-Squared test,root mean square error,monthly solar radiation,wind speed,probability density function
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Analysis of Ionospheric GPS TEC Measurements During Total Solar Eclipse over American Region on August 21, 2017
摘要： Solar eclipse provides a unique opportunity to investigate the ionospheric response to the change in the solar flux emission towards the Earth. The variability of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in response to the total solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 has been studied by the analysis of dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data from the University NAVSTAR Consortium (UNAVCO) established at North Carolina, USA (P779), and from the Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo (RBMC) Amapá (APS1) station. The path of the solar obscuration passed through the North American region, also affecting the northern part of Brazil. The magnitudes of the ionospheric TEC from both monitoring stations during the eclipse are compared with those from the days immediately preceding and following it. This comparison will highlight the effects from the eclipse on the ionospheric electron density variations observed by the stations that are located over its path.
关键词： measurements,Ionosphere,Global Positioning System,solar eclipse,propagation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14