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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI, USA (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Prediction and validation of solar cell-to-module and environmental losses based on refractive index data for various encapsulation materials
摘要： Updated complex refractive index data (n and (cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:4) are compiled for various commercial and research solar module encapsulants. The data are used as inputs to ray-tracing simulations to predict CTM loss for standard screen print solar modules and compared to calculations of CTM loss from actual IV and EQE measurements made at the cell and module levels. It is found that this method results in adequate predictions, with important encapsulant (cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:5)(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:12)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:4)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:8)(cid:4)(cid:15)(cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:11)(cid:15)(cid:11)(cid:17)(cid:11)(cid:16)(cid:18)(cid:4)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:22)(cid:8)(cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:16)(cid:9)(cid:4)(cid:23)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:12)(cid:24)(cid:4)(cid:4)(cid:20)(cid:6)(cid:10)(cid:4)(cid:16)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:4)(cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:4) also used to predict CTM current loss following damp-heat cycling of modules.
关键词： solar module,CTM loss,encapsulant,ray-tracing,refractive index
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Bandgap-Tuned CuInS <sub/>2</sub> /ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for a Luminescent Downshifting Layer in a Crystalline Silicon Solar Module
摘要： CuInS2 (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) were investigated as a luminescent downshifting (LDS) material that converts near-ultraviolet (UV) light to visible light and were applied to a single crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar module that has no spectral sensitivity in the near-UV region. The bandgap of the CIS/ZnS core/shell QDs was successfully adjusted to ~3 eV, which was adequate for the LDS layer in solar devices, by changing the molar ratio of Cu/In. CIS/ZnS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with 59.9% absolute photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield were prepared by the hot-injection method and embedded in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin to fabricate QD@EVA films as the LDS layer. The PL intensity of the QD@EVA films under near-UV excitation monotonically increased with increasing QD concentration. The films were attached to a commercial single c-Si solar module. The advantages and drawbacks of the films were discussed based on the results of incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency and current-voltage curve measurements.
关键词： CuInS2/ZnS,quantum dot,nanocomposite film,solar module,nanophosphor,luminescent downshifting layer,photoluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Orthogonal Nelder-Mead moth flame method for parameters identification of photovoltaic modules
摘要： Defining the optimal parameters of the photovoltaic system (PV) models according to the actual real voltage and current data is a crucial process during designing, emulating, estimating, dominating, and optimizing photovoltaic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively advance the optimal parameters of the models based on the proper optimization methods. For this purpose, this paper proposes an orthogonal moth flame optimization (MFO) with a local search for identifying parameters of photovoltaic cell models, which is named NMSOLMFO. The presented method is organized based on the principal exploratory and exploitative mechanisms of MFO. Also, its exploration and exploitation capability is strengthened by the orthogonal learning (OL) strategy and Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) method, and this new scheme supports a more stable equilibrium between the central propensities. In the new MFO-based method, OL strategy can construct a healthier candidate location for the inferior agents, and then, it directs them to probe a reasonable prospective zone throughout a few rational trials. Besides, the NMS local search scheme can augment the accurateness of the global optimal solution by searching its neighborhood throughout the searching process, and the global optimum is taken as the initial point. In our study, first, the developed MFO-based approach is employed to tackle IEEE CEC 2014 benchmark cases with 30D to evaluate the effectiveness of the method in solving high dimensional and multimodal problems. Then, it is utilized to deal with parameters identification of single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM), and photovoltaic module model (PVM). The results and statistical studies indicate that NMSOLMFO can outperform the majority of other investigated methods concerning accuracy and convergence rapidity. The obtained results imply that the novel approach can provide a new practical tool for parameter definition in PV models, and it can be beneficial to upgrade the PV systems.
关键词： Parameter identification,Orthogonal learning,Simplex method,Moth flame optimization,Solar module
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Anti-LID Process with a Remote Direct Heating Method Using a Half-Bridge Resonance Circuit for a PERC Solar Cell Module
摘要： As the importance of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) increases in the solar cell industry, the demand for high-ef?ciency solar cells is rapidly increasing. Typically, p-type passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) solar cells are the most commonly used in the industry, and their ef?ciency is approximately 22–23%. P-type solar cells are reported to exhibit a light-induced degradation (LID) phenomenon, in which their output constantly decreases during power generation under solar radiation, and the output signi?cantly reduces as their reference ef?ciency increases. Ultra-high-ef?ciency solar cells, which are on high demand, have a considerable output reduction due to the LID phenomenon; hence, technologies to prevent the LID phenomenon are required. However, research on this phenomenon has not been conducted because there is no method to transfer heat to solar cells inside the encapsulant when the modules are produced. In this study, a regeneration state was formed by remotely heating solar cells without damaging the encapsulant of the solar cell module. This was accomplished by using a heating method based on an induction magnetic ?eld. A half-bridge resonance circuit was used to apply the induction magnetic ?eld, and the temperature of the solar cell was controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the current ?owing through the coil. To determine whether only the solar cell was heated, the temperature distribution inside the module was analyzed using an IR camera. The minority carrier lifetime was examined by real-time observation of the open-circuit voltage pattern of the solar cell. Finally, the observed real-time open-circuit voltage data were used, and dynamic simulation of the regeneration process was applied to analyze the LID activation energy generated in the regeneration process of the solar cell module. In conclusion, research was conducted on applying the regeneration state to prevent the LID phenomenon in the solar-cell-module stage, and the LID activation energy of the solar cell module was extracted. Based on this, a nondestructive degradation prevention technology for the solar cell module was developed.
关键词： solar module,half-bridge resonance circuit,light-induced degradation,solar cell,regeneration,remote heating
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study
摘要： This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination di?ered by 30? compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination di?erence relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-speci?c results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a de?ned level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor.
关键词： solar module,tilt angle,sun-tracking sensor,sun-tracking,solar energy,azimuth angle
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation of performance of P3HT:PCBM organic photovoltaic module under real operating conditions
摘要： In this work the behavior of an organic solar module operating under real solar radiation conditions is presented. This allows to understand which parameters limit the e?ciency of an organic device and their underlying mechanisms. The characterization of a module, produced by CSEM Brasil, with active layer P3HT:PCBM, is based on instantaneous voltage and current curves, dark current curves and analysis of the module operating continuously with ?xed voltage. This allows to extract the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the module, such as diode saturation current (I0), series resistance (RS) and shunt resistance (RSH) as well as to understand the in?uence of di?erent levels of radiation and temperature on such parameters. The work presented was performed by using a commercial organic solar module in extensive outdoor experiments. The results are based on continuous use and for several levels of radiation and temperature under real operating conditions in comparison with a theoretical model for the ?rst time. With the continuous tests it was possible to demonstrate the average daily generation of the module in Wh/m2, and also to verify experimentally, that the module presents better e?ciency for di?use radiation.
关键词： Organic solar module,Real operating conditions,P3HT:PCBM,Performance characterization,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Regular and Irregular Performance Variation of Module String and Occurred Conditions for Potential Induced Degradation-Affected Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Power Plants
摘要： Potential induced degradation (PID) leads to power degradation, and reduces durability and reliability of solar modules. However, this problem has not been thoroughly solved so far. The results from interlaboratory and field study show contradictory fault phenomenon for PID. In this paper, PID of crystalline silicon photovoltaic power plants distributed in various climate conditions was investigated. These photovoltaic power plants consist of two types of crystalline silicon solar modules, which cover almost all kinds of front glass, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) and backsheet available commercially. It was found that only a few of power plants were affected by PID. By measuring current voltage characteristics of PID-affected solar modules, the real faults phenomenon was uncovered and classified into regular and irregular power degradation in a module string. The results obtained in this work show that the negative potential caused by high system voltage and stacking faults are necessary and sufficient conditions for PID occurrence for the first time. The anomalous power degradation is related to the stacking fault, which appears randomly during the crystal growth.
关键词： solar module,power degradation,potential induced degradation,crystalline silicon
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Analysis of the Single-Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) Module Performances Under Low γ - Radiation from Radioactive Source
摘要： The present paper is about an experimental evaluation of the terrestrial silicon single-crystalline solar PV module behavior under low gamma radiation. The simultanous proliferation of radioactive sources in Burkina Faso dominated by gamma type and the photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in both urban and rural areas justify this study. There is also high background radiation compared to normal in some region of the country. It has been shown that the photocurrent and the electric power increase while the photovoltage stays constant for an extremely low gamma radiation doses. This work proves that long time exposition to any low radiation can cause the reduction of the performance of the solar PV module. However for greater values of the dose, the photocurrent, the photovoltage and the electric power decrease. Hence, it is so important to protect PV equipments against gamma radiation by adjusting the PV installation height from the ground where high background radiation is notified or by putting reinforced concrete at their bottom faces. The two ways can be combinated adding the respect to radiation protection principle As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA).
关键词： Low gamma (γ) - radiation,Single-Crystalline silicon,PV solar module,Dose,Dose rate
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Extraction of Uncertain Parameters of Double-Diode Model of a Photovoltaic Panel Using Simulated Annealing Optimization
摘要： In this article, our goal is to improve the estimation of the parameters of solar photovoltaic models by using the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The proposed approach takes into account the uncertainties of measurements. This approach consists of three steps. The ?rst is the extraction of the parameters in a conventional manner based on SA. Then, in order to reduce the search interval of parameters, we will determine the uncertainties of the measurements of each parameter. Finally, we will determine the instantaneous parameters, taking into account the results of the ?rst two steps. For the validation of proposed theoretical developments, the proposed approach is applied to two di?erent commercial solar panel parameter estimation problems (the monocrystalline solar module STM6-40/36 and the polycrystalline silicon cells photovoltaic module Sharp ND-R250A5). The results obtained are compared with well-established algorithms to con?rm its e?ectiveness. These comparisons have shown that the proposed method exhibits largely more e?ective performances than existing methods in the literature.
关键词： uncertainties,polycrystalline silicon cells,solar photovoltaic models,simulated annealing,monocrystalline solar module,parameter estimation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - Gramado, Brazil (2019.9.15-2019.9.18)] 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America) - An Adaptive Perturb and Observe Method with Clustering for Photovoltaic Module with Smart Bypass Diode under Partial Shading
摘要： The photovoltaic maximum power point tracking using perturb and observe method has a fixed step size, where a small step size has a slower time response and more accurate steady-state, while a large step size is the opposite. This work proposes an adaptive step size, proportional to the difference between actual and previous power sample, providing a fast time response and reducing the oscillations at steady-state. The oscillations are smaller with adaptive step size, but they are not annulled and the method presents loss by power oscillations. The clustering is used to eliminate this loss, setting the result of the simple average of the last five voltage samples. The enhanced method has been tested on a 72-cell photovoltaic module with a smart bypass diode per cell under partial shading. Modeling and simulation have been implemented using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposal obtained a faster time response and elimination of oscillations at steady-state.
关键词： Smart Bypass Diode,Adaptive Perturb and Observe with Clustering,Maximum Power Point Tracking,Photovoltaic Solar Module,Partial Shading
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04