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The influence of bilateral environment of dyed-TiO2/electrolyte interface on detailed recombination process during the a??maturea?? period of sensitized solar cell
摘要： The complete dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) life cycle includes three stages: “mature” period, stability period and degradation period. However, during the DSC performance adjustment period, considering the in?uence of both sides of the dyed-TiO2/electrolyte interface on the electron recombination process is still blank. In this paper, the effects of the environment on both sides of the interface between TiO2 and electrolyte during the DSC performance adjustment on the electron recombination process are studied. The results show that the performance adjustment of DSC is greatly in?uenced by the chemical environment of electrolyte. The ?lm microstructures have a certain in?uence on the electron recombination process during the performance adjustment. During the performance adjustment period of DSC, the adjustment of quasi-Fermi level is more complicated under the condition of weak light than under the condition of strong light. The results of this paper are signi?cant for studying complex systems of DSC, understanding the device working mechanism and improving the cell ef?ciency.
关键词： Performance adjustment period,Electron recombination,TiO2 ?lm,Dye-sensitized solar cell,Electrolyte
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Influences of Low Intensity on Diode Parameters of CdTe Solar Cells
摘要： This study deals with the CdS/CdTe solar cells under low illumination intensity, with cell #1 for the shunt resistance exceeding 100,000 ?·cm2 and cell #2 for the shunt resistance above 1000 ?·cm2. The diode parameter variations with the decline of the irradiance intensity are illustrated by dividing 0–100 mW/cm?2 into a number of small intensity ranges for J–V measurements and assuming the diode parameters to be constant within each range, the diode parameters of each range including the series resistance, the shunt resistance, the reverse saturation current density and the ideality factor are then extracted by employing an analytical approach. The mechanism of the cell performance deviations are also investigated by basic theories, reports and experiments. For cell #1 with higher Rsh corresponding to less traps, Rsh shows a upward tendency as the irradiance declines, n and J0 exhibit a rise with the irradiance and keep nearly unchanged at the low irradiance values mainly due to recombination and carrier contributions, Rs shows a slight increase when the irradiance intensity goes down because of the resistance of CdTe absorption layer. For cell #2 with lower Rsh corresponding to more traps, with the decrease of the illumination intensity, Rsh increases sharply only for captured carrier reduction, Rs goes steadily up similarly, n and J0 exhibit a decline with the irradiance due to recombination shift. It should be pointed out that Rs varies much smoother than the traditional approximation of a reciprocal of di?erential at short circuit, and the distribution of Rsh is diverse, and an average Rsh of for each intensity range can re?ect the variation trend.
关键词： solar cell,CdTe,low intensity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Facile synthesis of Cr doped hierarchical ZnO nano-structures for enhanced photovoltaic performance
摘要： Transition metal doped ZnO has been widely used in various research areas such as optoelectronics, chemical sensors, solar cells and photo catalysts. Herein, we fabricated Cr-doped ZnO nanospheres by a facile solvothermal treatment for enhanced photovoltaic performance. A systematic study of the structural and optical properties of Cr doped ZnO were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Ultra violet-Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) respectively. XRD patterns confirm that the samples have hexagonal (wurtzite) structure with no additional peaks, which suggests that Cr ions replaces the regular Zn sites in the ZnO crystal structure. Furthermore, doped ZnO nanospheres were employed in the hybrid solar cells in combination with P3HT and gave better current densities than their corresponding undoped counterparts. The increase in solar cell efficiency of doped ZnO nanospheres is solely due to the improvement in the charge separation efficiency in the 4% Cr doped ZnO nanospheres. Optoelectronic analysis of the Cr doped ZnO hybrid solar cell showed comparable results of JSC ?3.7 (mAcm?2), VOC 0.44 (V), Fill Factor 0.49 and Efficiency (?) 0.79 (%). The enhanced photovoltaic activity of the Cr doped hierarchical ZnO nanostructures provides an interesting grounds for the design and enhancement of the low cost, feasible synthesis of photovoltaic nanostructure materials.
关键词： Hybrid solar cell,Solvothermal method,Optical absorption,Photovoltaic device,Nanostructure
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Deposition and characterization of earth abundant <scp>CuZnS</scp> ternary thin films by vacuum spray pyrolysis and fabrication of <scp>pa??</scp> CZS/ <scp>na??AZO</scp> heterojunction solar cells
摘要： We report fabrication of solar cell device <ITO/AZO/i-ZnO/CZS/Al> with Copper Zinc Sulfide (CZS) thin films as absorber layer. CZS thin films prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis technique at a pressure of 10?3 mbar at different substrate temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, compositional and electrical properties of as prepared films are investigated. Structural analysis shows crystalline nature with mixed phase containing CuS-ZnS binary composite. Atomic Force Microscopy analysis shows the average particle size of 88 nm. Value of work function obtained from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is 4.58 eV. The band gap of the as-prepared films varies from 1.62 to 2.06 eV. Hall effect measurement proves the p-type nature for all the deposited films. Samples deposited at 350°C shows carrier concentration of 1021 cm?3 and electrical conductivity of 526 S cm?1. Solar cell device structure of <ITO/AZO/i-ZnO/CZS/Al> has been fabricated using the CZS sample deposited at 350°C. The cell parameters obtained are Voc = 0.505 V, Isc = 4.97 mA/cm2, FF = 64.28% and η = 1.6 ± 0.05%.
关键词： solar cell,heterojunction,ternary compound,thin film,absorber layer,vacuum spray pyrolysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of lead thiocyanate ions on performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a high efficiency, and their price is relatively low; thus, they are attracting considerable attention as a substitute for expensive Si solar cells. However, highly efficient PSCs are not eco-friendly, because they contain toxic metals such as Pb. Therefore, we develop Sn-based PSCs to reduce the Pb content. First, 11 different perovskite precursors are synthesized by increasing the amount of Pb(SCN)2 from 0 to 0.5 M in CH(NH2)2SnI3. Then, PSCs are fabricated, and their characteristics are compared. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that the proper amount of Pb(SCN)2 uniformizes the grain size of the perovskite layer and reduces the amounts of pinholes. The crystallization and optical absorption of each perovskite layer are confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and ultraviolet–visible spectra, and the characteristics of the PSCs are confirmed by the current density–voltage graph. The Sn-based PSCs with 0.25 M Pb(SCN)2 exhibit a high efficiency of 8.4%, which is significantly higher than that (1.6%) of Sn-based PSCs without Pb(SCN)2. The calculated Pb concentration of CH3NH3PbI3 is 0.37 g/mL, while that of CH(NH2)2SnI3 containing Pb(SCN)2 is 0.08 g/mL. These results indicate the possibility of producing highly efficient PSCs with reduced lead content.
关键词： Additive,Thiocyanate,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Surface Modifications for Light Trapping in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Brief Review
摘要： Reducing crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer thickness is an effective method to reduce the fabrication cost as it constitutes a major portion of the photovoltaic module cost. However, the open-circuit voltage and fill factor depend on the wafer thickness; further, the short-circuit current density (JSC), affects the device performance negatively. Therefore, light trapping is vital for increasing the JSC of Si solar cells. Consequently, it is essential for improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell and reduce its production cost by decreasing the wafer thickness. It can be assumed that the thickness of the Si wafer will gradually achieve a minimum value of ~ 100?μm in the future. Therefore, reducing the as-cut wafer thickness will result in a more efficient use of Si. This paper reports the surface modification for light trapping based on the Si solar cell application. Additionally, we introduce methods for surface modification, such as front-side texturing and rear-side polishing.
关键词： Texturing,Polishing,Si solar cell,Surface modification,Light trapping,High efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effect of Na2S soaking on the properties of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 films and solar cells
摘要： In this paper, we propose a Na2S soaking process (used as post-treatment process for the precursor films) for the non-vacuum prepared Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) films. The CZTSSe film prepared without this process show triple-layer structure in which fine-grain layer and obvious layer-boundaries exist. By soaking the precursor film in Na2S aqueous solution with suitable concentration, the fine-grain layer in the triple-layer structure is substituted by a small-grain layer and the layer-boundaries become continuous. We find the quantum efficiencies of the solar cells in long wavelength region are improved by the Na2S soaking. Therefore, the short-circuit currents of the solar cells are significantly increased. By using the Na2S soaking process, CZTSSe solar cells with the best efficiency of 11.5% have been prepared.
关键词： Solar cell,Thin films,Cu2Zn(S,Se)4,Energy storage and conversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Preparation of NiO/TiO2 Composite Films for Enhanced Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency
摘要： Spray pyrolysis technique has been applied for preparing many kinds of thin films because this technique offers a lot of advantages, such as inexpensive cost, uncomplicated process and large scale production. Therefore, the spray pyrolysis technique is used for making pure TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 composite films in this report. A NiO/TiO2 composite film is getting attention to be used as a compact layer in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) because NiO can be used as a hole collector and a barrier for energy recombination properties. Moreover, the NiO/TiO2 composite film exhibits superhydrophilic properties that can increase absorption efficiency for a dye solution. This study has an objective to improve the efficiency of DSSC by changing the ratio of NiO/TiO2 in the composite films. The pure TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 composite films were prepared at 200℃ by spray pyrolysis technique using a Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 solution and a mixture of Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 solution with Ni(NO3)2?6H2O powder, respectively. The effect of the ratio between Ni(NO3)2?6H2O powder and Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4 solution (0.5 atm%, 1 atm%, 2 atm%, and 4 atm% of Ni(NO3)2?6H2O) on the efficiency of DSSCs were studied. The surface morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 composite films on FTO and glass substrates were characterized by using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. The FE – SEM images showed that the films were smooth surface and dense when prepared at 200 ℃. The XRD results of TiO2 and NiO/TiO2 composite films on the FTO substrates showed that the TiO2 crystals were anatase phase because the peak at 25.30 corresponds to (101) planes of anatase. The spectrophotometer results showed that the optical transmittance for all samples were about 80%. For the energy conversion efficiency characterization, it was found that the NiO/TiO2 composite films that were prepared from 0.5 atm% of Ni(NO3)2?6H2O solution had the better energy conversion efficiency than TiO2 films.
关键词： NiO/TiO2 composite film,Dye sensitized solar cell,Spray pyrolysis technique
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Application of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)/quantum dots (QDs) in solar cells
摘要： Since it was first reported in 2014, colloidal halide perovskite (CHP) nanocrystals (NCs)/quantum dots (QDs) have been quickly applied in photovoltaic devices, and useful results have been obtained due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we aim to summarize the progresses in this field up to now, and propose solutions to the development bottlenecks. Generally, we will first introduce crystal/electronic structures, optoelectronic properties and stabilities, and the synthesis methods of CHP NCs/QDs, followed by their applications in solar cell as active layer, interfacial layer, additive and energy transfer layer. Finally, we will briefly discuss the stability challenges for CHP NCs/QDs, and make a simple prospect for the possible directions of CHP NCs/QDs in future solar cell applications.
关键词： Quantum dots,Ligand,Passivation,Doping,Solar cell,Nanocrystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Modeling and parameters extraction of photovoltaic cell and modules using the genetic algorithms with lambert W-function as objective function
摘要： In this paper, a method based on genetic algorithms is proposed for improving the accuracy of solar cell parameters extracted using novel technique. We propose a computational based binary-coded genetic algorithm (GA) to extract the parameters (I0, Iph, n, Rs and Rsh) for a single diode model of solar cell from its current-voltage (I–V) characteristic. The algorithm was implemented using Matlab as a programming tool and validated by applying it to the I–V curve synthesized from the literature using reported values. The characterization, current-voltage data used was generated by simulating a one-diode solar cell model of speci?ed parameters. The new approach is based on formulating I–V equation of solar cell, with Lambert function, the parameter extraction as a search and optimization problem. Compared with other optimization techniques in literatures, the approach proposed for the determination of parameters are in good agreement.
关键词： Photovoltaic solar cell,genetic algorithm,optimization,parameter extraction,Lambert function
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01