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- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
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Vacuum‐Assisted Growth of Low‐Bandgap Thin Films (FA <sub/>0.8</sub> MA <sub/>0.2</sub> Sn <sub/>0.5</sub> Pb <sub/>0.5</sub> I <sub/>3</sub> ) for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
摘要： All-perovskite multijunction photovoltaics, combining a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite top solar cell (EG ≈1.6–1.8 eV) with a low-bandgap (LBG) perovskite bottom solar cell (EG < 1.3 eV), promise power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) >33%. While the research on WBG perovskite solar cells has advanced rapidly over the past decade, LBG perovskite solar cells lack PCE as well as stability. In this work, vacuum-assisted growth control (VAGC) of solution-processed LBG perovskite thin films based on mixed Sn–Pb perovskite compositions is reported. The reported perovskite thin films processed by VAGC exhibit large columnar crystals. Compared to the well-established processing of LBG perovskites via antisolvent deposition, the VAGC approach results in a significantly enhanced charge-carrier lifetime. The improved optoelectronic characteristics enable high-performance LBG perovskite solar cells (1.27 eV) with PCEs up to 18.2% as well as very efficient four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells with PCEs up to 23%. Moreover, VAGC leads to promising reproducibility and potential in the fabrication of larger active-area solar cells up to 1 cm2.
关键词： vacuum-assisted growth control,all-perovskite tandem solar cells,solar cells,large grain,low-bandgap perovskites
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells: Pathways to Over 30% Efficiency
摘要： The article commences with a review focusing on three critical aspects of the perovskite/Si tandem technology: the evolution of efficiencies to date, comparisons of Si subcell choices, and the interconnection design strategies. Building on this review, a clear route is provided for minimizing optical losses aided by optical simulations of a recently reported high-efficiency perovskite/Si tandem system, optimizations which result in tandem current densities of ≈20 mAcm?2 with front-side texture. The primary focus is on electrical modeling on the Si-subcell, in order to understand the efficiency potential of this cell under filtered light in a tandem configuration. The possibility of increasing the Si subcell efficiency by 1% absolute is offered through joint improvements to the bulk lifetime, which exceeds 4 ms, and improves surface passivation quality to saturation current densities below 10 fA cm?2. Polycrystalline-Si/SiOx passivating contacts are proposed as a promising alternative to partial-area rear contacts, with the potential for further simplifying cell fabrication and improving device performance. A combination of optical modeling of the complete tandem structure alongside electrical modeling of the Si-subcell, both with state-of-the-art modeling tools, provides the first complete picture of the practical efficiency potential of perovskite/Si tandems.
关键词： electrical simulation,perovskite/Si tandem,monolithic,optical simulation,efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Perovskite Solar Cell: Research Direction for Next 10 Years
摘要： Since the first report on a solid-state perovskite solar cell (PSCs) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.7% under 1 sun illumination and 500 h stability at ambient conditions obtained from an unencapsulated device in 2012, PSCs have received tremendous attention from scientists and engineers working on not only materials and devices but also fundamentals. The realization of solid-state PSCs was possible due to the fact that methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) was extremely unstable in dye-sensitized solar cell structures containing polar liquid redox electrolyte. The first version of a PSC was based on a nanocrystalline perovskite with dot morphology sitting on the TiO2 surface, which evolved to a thin film layout looking similar to the conventional p?i?n junction. This initial progress of device structure enhanced PCE to about 12%, which was followed by a further increase in photovoltaic performance by exploring coating methods for high-quality perovskite films. To date, the record PCE of 25.2% was certified by Newport, a proxy for National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) using quasi-steady-state measurement, which was posted in the best research-cell efficiency chart provided by NREL. PSCs now outperform the completions based on CIGS (PCE = 23.4%), CdTe (PCE = 22.1%), and even multicrystalline Si (PCE = 22.8%).
关键词： Perovskite solar cells,Tandem technology,Power conversion efficiency,Recycling technology,Large-area coating,Stability
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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III-Nitride/Si Tandem Solar Cell for High Spectral Response: Key Attributes of Auto-tunneling Mechanisms
摘要： The key attributes of double hetero junction tandem solar cell based on III-Nitride alloys and silicon is investigated thoroughly. GaN/InGaN/GaN based tandem solar cells are predicting impressive efficiency, however due to its high cost; it is far from immediate implementation. Hence, an attempt is made to realize GaN/InGaN on crystalline silicon(c-Si) substrate that results in high spectral efficiency and cost effectiveness. The proposed multi-junction tandem solar cell consists of a GaN layer, intrinsic-InxGa1?xN (i-InGaN), tandem InxGa1?xN (t-InGaN) upon crystalline p-silicon and n-silicon layers. Energy band diagrams, current-voltage curve, power graph, electric field and potential graphs are explored using TCAD tool. Additionally, key parameters such as ’In’ content, thickness of layers, absorption coefficients, polarization charges are optimized. A remarkable conversion efficiency of 25.6% and 26.1% are achieved with & without polarization effect, respectively and became a potential candidate for next-generation photovoltaics applications.
关键词： Tunnel,Solar cell,InGaN,Tandem
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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PbS quantum dot tandem solar cell based on solution-processed nanoparticle intermediate layer
摘要： Tandem cells are one of the most effective ways of breaking the single junction Shockley-Queisser limit. Solution-processable PbS quantum dots are good candidates for producing multiple junction solar cell due to their size-tunable bandgap. The intermediate recombination layer connecting the subcells in a tandem solar cell is crucial for device performance because it determines the charge recombination efficiency and electrical resistance. In this work, solution-processed ultra-thin NiO and Ag nanoparticle film serves as an intermediate layer to enhance the charge recombination efficiency in PbS QD dual-junction tandem solar cells. The champion devices with device architecture of ITO/S-ZnO/1.45 eV PbS-PbI2/PbS-EDT/NiO/Ag NP/ZnO NP/1.22 eV PbS-PbI2/PbS-EDT/Au delivers a 7.1% power conversion efficiency, which outperforms the optimized reference sub-cells. This result underscores the critical role of appropriate nanocrystalline recombination layer in producing high-performance solution-processed PbS QD tandem cells.
关键词： recombination layer,tandem solar cell,PbS quantum dots,complementary absorption,intermediate layer
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Two‐terminal Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells with a high‐Bandgap Perovskite absorber enabling voltages over 1.8?V
摘要： Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells are a promising technology to overcome the efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. Although highest tandem efficiencies have been reported for the inverted p‐i‐n structure, high‐efficiency single junction perovskite solar cells are mostly fabricated in the regular n‐i‐p architecture. In this work, regular n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells with a high‐bandgap mixed cation mixed halide absorber suitable for tandem solar cells are investigated by compositional engineering and the open‐circuit voltage is improved to over 1.12 V using a passivating electron contact. The optimized perovskite solar cell is used as a top cell in a monolithic perovskite silicon tandem device with a silicon heterojunction bottom cell allowing for voltages up to 0.725 V. The tandem solar cells with an active area of 0.25 cm2 achieve record open‐circuit voltages of up to 1.85 V and have efficiencies over 20%. Analyzing the perovskite absorber by spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements shows a homogenous and stable emission at ~ 1.7 eV which is an optimal value for tandem applications with silicon. The tandem solar cells are mainly limited due to a low current. A spectrometric characterization reveals that the perovskite solar cell is current limiting which could be improved by a thicker perovskite absorber.
关键词： spectrometric characterization,high‐bandgap perovskite absorber,perovskite silicon tandem solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Design of parallel-connected polymer tandem solar cells using efficient low bandgap PTB7-Th:PC71BM blend
摘要： Parallel-connected tandem cells adopting a highly efficient donor polymer, PTB7-Th, combined with acceptor fullerene PC71BM as the back sub-cell was introduced to further improve the performance of polymer solar cells. Design of the device architecture was investigated using modeling and simulation methods based on the transfer matrix formalism. To optimize the device structure, detailed analysis of the effect of active layer thickness, different device structure, and transparent Ag intermediated electrode on the short-circuit current density has been studied. It was found the long-wavelength absorption in the top-illuminated ITO-free back cell was significantly enhanced due to the resonant microcavity effect, leading to an efficient utilization of the incident light and increased photocurrent. Giving these advantages, the power conversion efficiency of the parallel homo-tandem cell was estimated to be ~ 11%, which was ~ 15% higher than that of a single cell of PTB7-Th. Moreover, the maximum achievable current density and the corresponding optimum active layer thickness of the sub-cells varied a little as the thickness of ultrathin Ag layer was changed, indicating that parallel connection architecture provided more freedom in the design and optimization for high-performance tandem solar cells.
关键词： PC71BM,Polymer solar cells,Microcavity effect,Transfer matrix formalism,PTB7-Th,Parallel-connected tandem cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Perovskite/c-Si Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells Under Real Solar Spectra: Improving Energy Yield by Oblique Incident Optimization
摘要： Many research groups have noticed the performance of rapidly-developed perovskite/silicon monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs) under real situation, but they overlook the short-current density mismatch of two sub-cells at different times in a day and the spectrum variation at different latitudes. Here we have systematically analyzed the efficiency losses and proposed optimization scheme by combination of experiment and simulation relying on reliable experimental data in a year. We have verified the simulated absorptance spectra varying with incident angle θ to substitute the external quantum efficiency spectra, which makes the optimization at oblique incidence possible. More importantly, we have further calculated and expanded the optimized current losses and energy output enhancement in perovskite/silicon monolithic TSCs to all latitudes. This work can be served as a practical guidance for the design of perovskite/silicon monolithic TSCs with the best annual energy output at different latitudes in the world.
关键词： Perovskite/silicon monolithic tandem solar cells,real solar spectra,efficiency losses,oblique incident optimization,energy yield
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Modeling and implementation of tandem polymer solar cells using wide‐bandgap front cells
摘要： Tandem device architectures offer a route to greatly increase the maximum possible power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of polymer solar cells, however, the complexity of tandem cell device fabrication (such as selecting bandgaps of the front and back cells, current matching, thickness, and recombination layer optimization) often result in lower PCEs than are observed in single‐junction devices. In this study, we analyze the influence of front cell and back cell bandgaps and use transfer matrix modeling to rationally design and optimize effective tandem solar cell structures before actual device fabrication. Our approach allows us to estimate tandem device parameters based on known absorption coefficients and open‐circuit voltages of different active layer materials and design devices without wasting valuable time and materials. Using this approach, we have investigated a series of wide bandgap, high voltage photovoltaic polymers as front cells in tandem devices with PTB7‐Th as a back cell. In this way, we have been able to demonstrate tandem devices with PCE of up to 12.8% with minimal consumption of valuable photoactive materials in tandem device optimization. This value represents one of the highest PCE values to date for fullerene‐based tandem solar cells.
关键词： tandem solar cells,polymer solar cells,solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Three-Dimensional ZnO/CdS/NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Photoanode Coupled with a Cu <sub/>2</sub> O Photocathode in a Tandem Cell for Overall Solar Water Splitting
摘要： An integrated tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, composed of a three-dimensional (3D) ZnO/CdS/NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) core/shell/hierarchical nanowire arrays (NWAs) photoanode and a p-Cu2O photocathode, was designed for unassisted overall solar water splitting in this study. The optical and photoelectrochemical characteristics of ZnO-based photoanodes and Cu2O photocathode were investigated. The results show that ZnO/CdS/NiFe LDH nanostructures offer significantly enhanced performances with a photocurrent density reaching 5.8 mA cm?2 at 0.9 V and an onset potential as early as 0.1 V (versus RHE). The enhancement can be attributed to the existence of CdS nanoparticles (NPs) which boosts the light absorption in visible region and enhances charge separation. Moreover, the introduction of NiFe LDH nanoplates, with unique hierarchical mesoporous architecture, promotes electrochemical reactions by providing more active sites as co-catalyst. On the above basis, the ZnO/CdS/NiFe LDH–Cu2O two-electrode tandem cell system was established. At zero bias, the device shows a photocurrent density of 0.4 mA cm?2 along with the corresponding solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency reaching 0.50%. Our results indicate that the tandem PEC cells consisting of metal–oxide–semiconductor photoelectrodes based on Earth-abundant and low-cost materials hold promising application potential for overall solar water splitting.
关键词： ZnO,PEC tandem cell,CdS,solar hydrogen,self-driven water splitting,NiFe LDH
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22