摘要： Plasmonic nanomaterials, especially Au and Ag nanomaterials, have shown attractive physicochemical properties, such as easy functionalization and tunable optical bands. The development of this active subfield paves the way to the fascinating biosensing platforms. In recent years, plasmonic nanomaterials–based sensors have been extensively investigated because they are useful for genetic diseases, biological processes, devices, and cell imaging. In this account, a brief introduction of the development of optical biosensors based on DNA-functionalized plasmonic nanomaterials is presented. Then the common strategies for the application of the optical sensors are summarized, including colorimetry, fluorescence, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced resonance scattering detection. The focus is on the fundamental aspect of detection methods, and then a few examples of each method are highlighted. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the plasmonic nanomaterials–based biosensing are discussed with the development of modern technologies.